基于云高仪探测数据的湖北省襄阳市云宏观特征分析

利用湖北省襄阳市2019—2021年3a云高仪观测资料,统计云出现频率、云层数和云底高度等指标,对该地区云的宏观特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)襄阳市全年云系覆盖率较高,3a平均云出现频率为61.3%。云出现频率呈现夏季高于冬季的季节变化特征,以及白天低、夜间高的日变化特征。(2)云层数以单层云为主(78.3%),尤其在冬季(80.1%)。多层云分布中,双层云所占比例最大(18.5%),且多层云出现频率随云层数增加而降低;多层云出现频率夏季高、冬季低,主要与夏季水汽相对充足、温度较高使得对流旺盛等因素有关。(3)云底高度在1.0km以下的云,1月份出现频率为26%,云系分布较为分散,7月份达40%,云系相对集中;而云底高度在1.0~3.5km之间的云,1月份出现频率达57%,云系分布较为集中,7月份为24%,云系相对分散。(4)所有的对流性降水云,出现在6—8月的占83.3%,傍晚前后出现对流性降水的概率最大;云底高度上,对流性降水云平均云底高度较所有降水云平均结果更低,低云所占比例更大。

Seasonal variability in tropical and subtropical convective and stratiform precipitation of the East Asian monsoon

Seasonal variations in tropical and subtropical convective and stratiform precipitation of the East Asian monsoon are analyzed using 10-year (1998-2007) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) rain products (2A25). Datasets from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) 24 general circulation models (GCMs) are evaluated using TRMM PR rain products in terms of their ability to simulate convective and stratiform precipitation and their deficiencies. The results show that Asian monsoon convective and stratiform precipitation increases significantly after onset of the summer monsoon, but the percentage of convective precipitation clearly decreases over tropical areas while it increases in subtropical regions. The GCMs simulate well the seasonal variation in the contribution of Asian monsoon subtropical convective precipitation to the total rainfall; however, the simulated convective precipitation amount is high while the simulated stratiform precipitation amount is low relative to TRMM measurements, especially over the Asian monsoon tropical region. There is simultaneous TRMM-observed convective and stratiform precipitation in space and time, but GCMs cannot simulate this relationship between convective and stratiform precipitation, resulting in the deficiency of stratiform precipitation simulations.