中药心安宁胶囊治疗冠心病心绞痛随机对照研究

目的 :观察心安宁胶囊治疗冠心病、心绞痛的疗效及安全性。方法 :随机选 41例冠心病心绞痛患者 ,接受心安宁胶囊治疗 (治疗组 ) 2 0例 ,心安宁片剂治疗 (对照组 ) 2 1例 ,治疗 6周 ,均为每日 3次、每次 3粒口服 ,观察治疗前后疗效及安全性。结果 :心安宁胶囊组治疗 6周与治疗前比较 ,显效率 35 % ,总有效率 90 % ,心电图疗效显效率 15 % ,总有效率 30 % ,与对照组相比均无统计学意义。用药 6周后 ,两组均未见明显不良反应 ,在心率、血压等指标方面均无明显变化 ,实验室指标正、异常改变方面两组比较无统计学意义。结论 :心安宁胶囊在治疗冠心病、心绞痛方面有一定的疗效 ,能改善冠心病、心绞痛患者的症状与心电图表现 ,但与心安宁片相比较 ,无明显疗效差异。

菖菊穹麻饮治疗风痰上扰老年性高血压随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察菖菊穹麻饮治疗风痰上扰老年性高血压疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将72例门诊及住院患者按就诊顺序编号简单随机分为两组。对照组36例常规降压治疗,根据就诊前服用的降压药的种类和用量,分别以钙拮抗剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂、利尿剂等单独或两种药物联合治疗。治疗组36例菖菊穹麻饮(石菖蒲12g,菊花30g,川芎15g,蔓荆子12g,白芷、藁本各10g,辛夷12g,半夏、钩藤、天麻各10g,白蒺藜、茯苓各12g,川牛膝15g,炙甘草6g;夜尿频数,腰膝软明显加女贞子、川杜仲10g,桑寄生12g;痰浊重加薤白、瓜蒌15g;纳呆食少者加白蔻仁、砂仁各5g;气虚明显加黄芪15g;尿少、足肿、面部浮肿加车前子10g,薏苡仁15),1剂/d,水煎200m L,早晚温服。连续治疗7d为1疗程。观测临床症状、血压、不良反应。连续治疗4疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组显效29例,有效4例,无效3例,总有效率91.67%。对照组显效20例,有效9例,无效7例,总有效率80.56%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]菖菊穹麻饮治疗老风痰上扰年性高血压疗效显著,无严重不良反应,值得推广。

美洛昔康治疗神经根型颈椎病的随机对照试验

目的:探讨美洛昔康治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:将符合诊断标准的84例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用美洛昔康治疗,对照组采用布洛芬治疗,均于1个疗程后进行临床疗效观察。结果:治疗前后临床症状体征积分比较及治疗后临床疗效比较,提示两组均有临床作用,治疗组疗效尤为显著。结论:美洛昔康对神经根型颈椎病有很好的治疗效果。

加味参芪汤联合TP化疗方案治疗老年肺癌化疗并发症随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察加味参芪汤联合TP化疗方案治疗老年肺癌化疗并发症疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将120例住院患者按随机数字表方法简单随机分为两组。对照组60例TP化疗方案,第1d,紫杉醇175mg/m^2,静滴;第1~3d,顺铂25mg/m^2,静滴。治疗组60例加味参芪汤(党参、黄芪各30g,白术、茯苓各15g,灵芝6g,山萸肉10g,五味子6g,清半夏10g,陈皮6g,桔梗10g,川贝3g,杏仁10g,阴虚火旺酌加麦冬、生地黄、丹皮、瓜蒌、知母等;气滞血瘀酌加当归、丹参、赤芍、苡仁、莪术等;痰热阻肺酌加瓜蒌、黄芩、鱼腥草、半枝莲、白花蛇舌草等;咳血酌加三七粉、大蓟、仙鹤草、茜草、白茅根等),水煎400mL,1剂/d,早晚温服,忌食生冷、海鲜、发物;西药治疗同对照组。连续治疗21d为1疗程。观测临床症状、毒副反应、睡眠质量(PSQI)、生活质量、不良反应。连续治疗3疗程,判定疗效。[结果]Ⅲ级以上严重毒副反应发生率治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05),睡眠、生存质量改善治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]加味参芪汤联合TP化疗方案治疗老年肺癌化疗并发症,可降低严重毒副反应发生率,提高睡眠和生存质量,值得推广。

电针联合温针灸治疗增生性膝关节炎随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察电针联合温针灸治疗增生性膝关节炎疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将120例门诊患者按诊顺序单双号简单随机分为两组。对照组60例温针灸(内膝眼、犊鼻、血海、梁丘、阴陵泉、阳陵泉),患者仰卧位,常规消毒,血海、梁丘、阴陵泉、阳陵泉直刺1.2寸;犊鼻、内膝眼针尖朝向膝关节方向斜刺1.2寸,平补平泻,局部有酸、麻、胀感为得气,针尾处插艾条进行温灸,留针30min,清理艾柱,拔针,1次/d。治疗组60例针刺同对照组,得气针柄与6805-Ⅱ型电针仪连接,患者承受能力设置疏密波强度,留针期间取2.5cm艾柱,分别套在针尾上,艾柱燃尽后关闭电针机,清理,拔针,1次/d。连续治疗7d为1疗程。观测临床症状、膝关节疼痛评分、晨僵评分、活动度评分、不良反应。连续治疗3疗程(21d),判定疗效。[结果]治疗组显效39例,有效17例,无效4例,总有效率93.33%;对照组显效26例,有效18例,无效16例,总有效率73.33%;治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.01)。膝关节疼痛评分、晨僵评分、活动度评分两组均有改善(P<0.01),治疗组改善优于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]电针联合温针灸治疗增生性膝关节炎,疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。

健脾补肾方联合西药治疗1～2期慢性肾脏病脾肾气虚蛋白尿多中心随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察健脾补肾方辨治1~2期慢性肾脏病脾肾气虚蛋白尿疗效。[方法]使用多中心随机平行对照方法,将236例门诊患者按随机数字表法随机分两组;注意休息,避免重体力劳动,清淡饮食等。对照组108例缬沙坦,80mg/d,口服。治疗组128例健脾补肾方(黄芪30g,党参、白术各20g,茯苓、猪苓、黄柏、山茱萸各15g,山药、淫羊藿各20g,菟丝子、丹参、川芎各15g,益母草、牡丹皮各12g,甘草9g;贫血加当归、阿胶各15g;水肿加薏苡仁30g,泽泻15g;血尿加茜草、大小蓟各12g;湿热盛加车前草、通草各15g),1剂/d,水煎400mL,早晚口服。连续治疗3个月为1疗程。观测临床症状、24h尿蛋白定量、eGFR、不良反应。治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组临床控制47例,显效35例,有效26例,无效20例,总有效率84.40%;对照组临床控制24例,显效19例,有效22例,无效43例,总有效率60.20%;治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。中医证候疗效治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。24h尿蛋白水平、eGFR治疗组降低优于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]健脾补肾方辨治1~2期慢性肾脏病脾肾气虚蛋白尿,疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。

试析流网起网机在外海流网生产中的作用

流网生产是我省传统作业之一，具有渔获质量好、成本低、产值高、油耗省，有利于保护渔业资源等优点，近几年来发展很快，正向深水外海发展．由于网具结构的变化，劳动强度的增强，因而采用流网起网机械势在必行，为此我们曾作了外海流网的试捕工作，进行了流网起网机适应性试验研究。

Multicenter Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules through a clinical randomized controlled trial and to analyze the potential action targets and pathways of this formula using network pharmacology.Methods Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)of liver–stomach stagnant heat pattern who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group.The control group received oral rabeprazole,whereas the observation group were given Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules in addition to the rabeprazole.The treatment duration was 8 weeks.Clinical efficacy was observed in both groups after 8 weeks.Network pharmacology was used to analyze the action targets of ZhenzhuQingyuanGranules and the genes related to GERD,and core targets were inferred.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms of this formula.Results The clinical research results showed that the total effective rate in the treatment group was 92.68%,compared with 70.00%in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).After treatment,both Chinese medicine syndrome score and endoscopic score improved in both groups compared with before treatment(p<0.05),and the treatment group showed greater improvement than the control group(p<0.05).Network pharmacology identified effective components of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules for treating GERD,including quercetin,luteolin,andβ-sitosterol,with potential action targets such as tumor protein 53(TP53),protein kinase B(AKT1),and tumor necrosis factor.Conclusion Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules can significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with GERD of liver–stomach stagnated heat pattern,enhance clinical efficacy,and have high safety.This formula may exert therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways.

RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDY ON DEPRESSION INDUCED BY CHRONIC PAIN TREATED WITH ACUPUNCTURE

Objective To study and verify the efficacy of acupuncture on depression caused by chronic pain and to further analyze the advantages of acupuncture. Methods According to random number table, the cases were randomized into experimental group and western medicine group, treated with acupuncture and antidepression drug （deanxit） respectively. Hamilton Depressive Scale （HAMD） and Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） were adopted for the evaluation before treatment and in the 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment in two groups successively. Results ① Very significant differences had been achieved on the comparisons of HAMD, VAS and HAMD reducing rate before and after treatment in experimental group （P 〈 0.01）. Very significant differences had been achieved in the comparisons of HAMD, VAS and HAMD reducing rate before and after treatment in western medicine group （P 〈 0.01 ）. ③Significant differences in HAMD reducing rate^＊ and VAS score^＊ ＊ had been achieved in the comparison between experiment group and western medicine group 1 week after treatment （^＊ P〈0.01, ^＊ ＊ P〈0.05）. ④ The significant differences had not been received in HAMD, VAS score and HAMD reducing rate in 2 and 4 weeks after treatment in the comparison between experimental group and western medicine group （P 〉0.05）. ⑤ No any harmful effect happened in experimental group after treatment, but it happened in western medicine group. Conclusion Both acupuncture and deanxit have achieved the definite therapeutic effects on depression caused by chronic pain, with similar efficacy. But the effects of acupuncture are obtained more quickly. In comparison of western medicine, acupuncture has no side and harmful effect. Additionally, acupuncture applies the multi-targeting and holistic modulation to the whole body.

复方对乙酰氨基酚胶囊治疗感冒发热、疼痛的疗效和安全性

目的:评价复方对乙酰氨基酚治疗由感冒引起的发热疼痛的效果及安全性.方法:随机双盲双模拟对照研究.入选139例,完成135例,其中A组(试验组n=68)服用复方对乙酰氨基酚胶囊+模拟片;B组(对照组n=67)服用对乙酰氨基酚片+模拟胶囊.2组按入组顺序服药,每日3次,疗程均为3～5 d.观察2组疗效和不良反应.结果:试验组痊愈率为74%,有效率达96%,对照组痊愈率为69%,有效率达91%(P＞0.05),对发热和头痛的临床症状2组均有改善,试验组68例发热病人中有97%病人恢复正常,62例头痛病人有95%的病人恢复正常;对照组65例发热病人和头痛病人分别有92%和91%恢复正常.试验组不良反应发生率为2%(1/68),对照组为3%(2/67)(P＞0.05).未出现严重及预料之外的不良反应.结论:复方对乙酰氨基酚对治疗感冒具有明显的效果.2药的疗效相仿,无明显不良反应.

Portal vein tumor thrombus is a bottleneck in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

The effect of portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT) on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma has become clear over the past several decades. However, identifying the mechanisms and performing the diagnosis and treatment of PVTT remain challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the progress in these areas. A computerized literature search in Medline and EMBASE was performed with the following combinations of search terms: "hepatocellular carcinoma" AND "portal vein tumor thrombus." Although several signal transduction or molecular pathways related to PVTT have been identified, the exact mechanisms of PVTT are still largely unknown. Many biomarkers have been reported to detect microvascular invasion, but none have proved to be clinically useful because of their low accuracy rates. Sorafenib is the only recommended therapeutic strategy in Western countries. However, more treatment options are recommended in Eastern countries, including surgery, radiotherapy(RT), transhepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE), transarterial radioembolization(TARE), and sorafenib. Therefore, we established a staging system based on the extent of portal vein invasion. Our staging system effectively predicts the long-term survival of PVTT patients. Currently, several clinical trials had shown that surgery is effective and safe in some PVTT patients. RT,TARE, and TACE can also be performed safely in patients with good liver function. However, only a few comparative clinical trials had compared the effectiveness of these treatments. Therefore, more randomized controlled trials examining the extent of PVTT should be conducted in the future.

Hemihepatic versus total hepatic inflow occlusion during hepatectomy:A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM： To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing hepatectomy with hemihepatic vascular occlusion （HHO） compared with total hepatic inflow occlusion （THO）. METHODS： Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） co- mparing hemihepatic vascular occlusion and total he- patic inflow occlusion were included by a systematic literature search. Two authors independently assessed the trials for inclusion and extracted the data. A meta- analysis was conducted to estimate blood loss, transfu- sion requirement, and liver injury based on the levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine arni- notransferase （ALT）. Either the fixed effects model or random effects model was used. RESULTS- Four RCTs including 338 patients met the predefined inclusion criteria. A total of 167 patients were treated with THO and 171 with HHO. Metaanalysis of AST levels on postoperative day 1 indicated higher levels in the THO group with weighted mean dif- ference （WMD） 342.27; 95% confidence intervals （CI） 217.28-467.26; P = 0.00001; I2 = 16%. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference between THO group and HHO group on blood loss, transfusion requirement, mortality, morbidity, operating time, ischemic duration, hospital stay, ALT levels on postoperative day 1, 3 and 7 and AST levels on postoperative day 3 and 7. CONCLUSION： Hemihepatic vascular occlusion does not offer satisfying benefit to the patients undergoing hepatic resection. However, they have less liver injury after liver resections.

Randomized controlled trial of pancreatic stenting to prevent pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

AIM:To determine the effectiveness of pancreatic duct(PD) stent placement for the prevention of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in high risk patients.METHODS:Authors conducted a single-blind,randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a pancreatic spontaneous dislodgement stent against post-ERCP pancreatitis,including rates of spontaneous dislodgement and complications.Authors defined high risk patients as having any of the following:sphincter of Oddi dysfunction,difficult cannulation,prior history of post-ERCP pancreatitis,pre-cut sphincterotomy,pancreatic ductal biopsy,pancreatic sphincterotomy,intraductal ultrasonography,or a procedure time of more than 30 min.Patients were randomized to a stent group(n = 60) or to a non-stent group(n = 60).An abdominal radiograph was obtained daily to assessspontaneous stent dislodgement.Post-ERCP pancreatitis was diagnosed according to consensus criteria.RESULTS:The mean age(± standard deviation) was 67.4 ± 13.8 years and the male:female ratio was 68:52.In the stent group,the mean age was 66 ± 13 years and the male:female ratio was 33:27,and in the non-stent group,the mean age was 68 ± 14 years and the male:female ratio was 35:25.There were no significant differences between groups with respect to age,gender,final diagnosis,or type of endoscopic intervention.The frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis in PD stent and non-stent groups was 1.7%(1/60) and 13.3%(8/60),respectively.The severity of pancreatitis was mild in all cases.The frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis in the stent group was significantly lower than in the non-stent group(P = 0.032,Fisher's exact test).The rate of hyperamylasemia were 30%(18/60) and 38.3%(23 of 60) in the stent and non-stent groups,respectively(P = 0.05,χ2 test).The placement of a PD stent was successful in all 60 patients.The rate of spontaneous dislodgement by the third day was 96.7%(58/60),and the median(range) time to dislodgement was 2.1(2-3) d.The rates of stent migration,hemorrhage,perforation,infection(cholangitis or cholecystitis) or other complicationss were 0%(0/60),0%(0/60),0%(0/60),0%(0/60),0%(0/60),respectively,in the stent group.Univariate analysis revealed no significant differences in high risk factors between the two groups.The pancreatic spontaneous dislodgement stent safely prevented post-ERCP pancreatitis in high risk patients.CONCLUSION:Pancreatic stent placement is a safe and effective technique to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis.Therefore authors recommend pancreatic stent placement after ERCP in high risk patients.

Consensus statement AIGO/SICCR diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation(Part Ⅱ:Treatment)

The second part of the Consensus Statement of the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Italian Society of Colo-Rectal Surgery reports on the treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation. There is no evidence that increasing fluid intake and physical activity can relieve the symptoms of chronic constipation. Patients with normal-transit constipation should increase their fibre intake through their diet or with commercial fibre. Osmotic laxatives may be effective in patients who do not respond to fibre supplements. Stimulant laxatives should be re- served for patients who do not respond to osmotic laxatives. Controlled trials have shown that serotonin- ergic enterokinetic agents, such as prucalopride, and prosecretory agents, such as lubiprostone, are effec- tive in the treatment of patients with chronic constipa- tion. Surgery is sometimes necessary. Total colectomy with ileorectostomy may be considered in patients with slow-transit constipation and inertia coil who are resistant to medical therapy and who do not have defecatory disorders, generalised motility disorders or psychological disorders. Randomised controlled trials have established the efficacy of rehabilitative treat- ment in dys-synergic defecation. Many surgical proce- dures may be used to treat obstructed defecation in patients with acquired anatomical defects, but none is considered to be the gold standard. Surgery should be reserved for selected patients with an impaired quality of life. Obstructed defecation is often associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Surgery with the placement of prostheses is replacing fascial surgery in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, but the efficacy and safety of such procedures have not yet been established.

Rifaximin vs conventional oral therapy for hepatic encephalopathy:A meta-analysis

AIM: To characterize the efficacy of rifaximin in the management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as several randomized controlled studies have shown contradictory results on its effectiveness in comparison to other oral agents. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of all eligible trials identifi ed through electronic and manual searches. Twelve randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 565 patients. RESULTS: The clinical effectiveness of rifaximin was equivalent to disaccharides or other oral antibiotics[odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-4.08] but with a better safety profi le (OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12-0.59). At the completion of treatment protocols, patients receiving rifaximin showed lower serum ammonia levels [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -10.65; 95% CI: -23.4-2.1; P = 0.10], better mental status (WMD = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.57-0.08; P = 0.15) and less asterixis (WMD -0.1; 95% CI -0.26-0.07; P = 0.25) without reaching statistical signifi cance. On the other hand, other psychometric outcomes such as electroencephalographic response and grades of portosystemic encephalopathy were superior in patients treated with rifaximin in comparison to the control group (WMD = 0.21, 95% CI: -0.33-0.09, P = 0.0004; and WMD = -2.33, 95% CI: -2.68-1.98, P = 0.00001, respectively). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis did not show any signifi cant difference in the above fi ndings. CONCLUSION: Rifaximin appears to be at least as effective as other conventional oral agents for the treatment of HE with a better safety profi le.

Depression, anxiety, and cardiac morbidity outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery： a contemporary and practical review

Research to date indicates that the number of coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery patients affected by depression （i.e., major, minor, dysthymia） approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstanding empirical interest on psychosocial factors in CABG surgery patients highlights an association with increased risk of morbidity in the short and longer term. Recent evidence suggests that both depression and anxiety increase the risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG surgery independent of medical factors, although the behavioral and biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Though neither depression nor anxiety seem to markedly affect neuropsy- chological dysfunction, depression confers a risk for incident delirium. Following a comprehensive overview of recent literature, practical advice is described for clinicians taking into consideration possible screening aids to improve recognition of anxiety and depression among CABG surgery patients. An overview of contemporary interventions and randomized, controlled trials are described, along with suggestions for future CABG surgery research.

Two-stage vs single-stage management for concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones

AIM:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of twostage vs single-stage management for concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones.METHODS:Four databases,including PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Science Citation Index up to September 2011,were searched to identify all randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Data were extracted from the studies by two independent reviewers.The primary outcomes were stone clearance from the common bile duct,postoperative morbidity and mortality.The secondary outcomes were conversion to other procedures,number of procedures per patient,length of hospital stay,total operative time,hospitalization charges,patient acceptance and quality of life scores.RESULTS:Seven eligible RCTs [five trials(n = 621) comparing preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)/endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) + laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) with LC + laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE);two trials(n = 166) comparing postoperative ERCP/EST + LC with LC + LCBDE],composed of 787 patients in total,were included in the final analysis.The metaanalysis detected no statistically significant difference between the two groups in stone clearance from the common bile duct [risk ratios(RR) =-0.10,95% confidence intervals(CI):-0.24 to 0.04,P = 0.17],postoperative morbidity(RR = 0.79,95% CI:0.58 to 1.10,P = 0.16),mortality(RR = 2.19,95% CI:0.33 to 14.67,P = 0.42),conversion to other procedures(RR = 1.21,95% CI:0.54 to 2.70,P = 0.39),length of hospital stay(MD = 0.99,95% CI:-1.59 to 3.57,P = 0.45),total operative time(MD = 12.14,95% CI:-1.83 to 26.10,P = 0.09).Two-stage(LC + ERCP/EST) management clearly required more procedures per patient than single-stage(LC + LCBDE) management.CONCLUSION:Single-stage management is equivalent to two-stage management but requires fewer procedures.However,patient's condition,operator's expertise and local resources should be taken into account in making treatment decisions.

A meta-analysis of lamivudine for interruption of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus

AIM： To determine the therapeutic effect of lamivu- dine in late pregnancy for the interruption of motherto-child transmission （MTCT） of hepatitis B virus （HBV）. METHODS： Studies were identified by searching available databases up to January 2011. Inclusive criteria were HBV-carrier mothers who had been involved in randomized controlled clinical trials （RCTs） with lamivudine treatment in late pregnancy, and newborns or infants whose serum hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg）, hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） or HBV DNA had been documented. The relative risks （RRs） for inerruption of MTCT as indicated by HBsAg, HBV DNA or HBeAg of newborns or infants were calculated with 95% confidence interval （CI） to estimate the efficacy of lamivudine treatment. RESULTS： Fifteen RCTs including 1693 HBV-carrier mothers were included in this meta-analysis. The overall RR was 0.43 （95% CI, 0.25-0.76; 8 RCTs; Phet- erogeneity= 0.04） and 0.33 （95% CI, 0.23-0.47; 6 RCTs; Pheterogeneity = 0.93） indicated by newborn HBsAg or HBV DNA. The RR was 0.33 （95% CI, 0.21-0.50; 6 RCTs; Pheterogeneity = 0.46） and 0.32 （95% CI, 0.20-0.50; 4 RCTs; Pheterogeneity = 0.33） indicated by serum HBsAg or HBV DNA of infants 6-12 mo after birth. The RR （lamivudine vs hepatitis B immunoglobulin） was 0.27 （95% CI, 0.16-0.46; 5 RCTs; Pheterogeneity = 0.94） and 0.24 （95% CI, 0.07-0.79; 3 RCTs; Pheterogeneity = 0.60） indicated by newborn HBsAg or HBV DNA, respectively. In the mothers with viral load 〈 106 copies/mL after lamivudine treatment, the efficacy （RR, 95% CI） was 0.33, 0.21-0.53 （5 RCTs; Pheterogeneity = 0.82） for the interruption of MTCT, however, this value was not significant if maternal viral load was 〉 106 copies/mL after lamivudine treatment （P = 0.45, 2 RCTs）, as indicated by newborn serum HBsAg. The RR （lamivudine initiated from 28 wk of gestation vs control） was 0.34 （95% CI, 0.22-0.52; 7 RCTs; Pheterogeneity = 0.92） and 0.33 （95% CI, 0.22-0.50; 5 RCTs; Pheterogeneity = 0.86） indicated by newborn HBsAg or HBV DNA. The incidence of adverse effects of lamivudine was not higher in the mothers than in controls （P = 0.97）. Only one study reported side effects of lamivudine in newborns. CONCLUSION： Lamivudine treatment in HBV carrier- mothers from 28 wk of gestation may interrupt MTCT of HBV efficiently. Lamivudine is safe and more efficient than hepatitis B immunoglobulin in interrupting MTCT. HBV MTCT might be interrupted efficiently if maternal viral load is reduced to 〈 106 copies/mL by lamivudine treatment.

Does antecolic reconstruction for duodenojejunostomy improve delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy? A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate whether antecolic reconstruction for duodenojejunostomy (DJ) can decrease delayed gastric emptying (DGE) rate after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) through literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS:Articles published between January 1991 and April 2012 comparing antecolic and retrocolic reconstruction for DJ after PPPD were retrieved from the databases of MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, OVID and Cochrane Library Central. The primary outcome of interest was DGE. Either fixed effects model or random effects model was used to assess the pooled effect based on the heterogeneity. RESULTS:Five articles were identified for inclusion:two randomized controlled trials and three non-randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis revealed that antecolic reconstruction for DJ after PPPD was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of DGE [odds ratio (OR), 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02-0.17; P < 0.00 001] and intra-operative blood loss [mean difference (MD), -317.68; 95% CI, -416.67 to -218.70; P < 0.00 001]. There was no significant difference between the groups of antecolic and retrocolic reconstruction in operative time (MD, 25.23; 95% CI, -14.37 to 64.83; P = 0.21), postoperative mortality, overall morbidity (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.20-1.46; P = 0.22) and length of postoperative hospital stay (MD, -9.08; 95% CI, -21.28 to 3.11; P = 0.14). CONCLUSION:Antecolic reconstruction for DJ can decrease the DGE rate after PPPD.

Neoadjuvant vs adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Which is superior?

The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer including timing and dosage of radiotherapy, degree of sphincter preservation with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and short and long term effects of radiotherapy are controversial topics. The MEDLINE, Cochrane Library databases, and meeting proceedings from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, were searched for reports of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses comparing neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy with surgery to surgery alone for rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy shows superior results in terms of local control compared to adjuvant radiotherapy. Neither adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy impacts overall survival. Short course versus long course neoadjuvant radiotherapy remains controversial. There is insufficient data to conclude that neoadjuvant therapy improves rates of sphincter preserving surgery. Radiation significantly impacts anorectal and sexual function and includes both acute and long term toxicity. Data demonstrate that neoadjuvant radiation causes less toxicity compared to adjuvant radiotherapy, and specifically short course neoadjuvant radiation results in less toxicity than long course neoadjuvant radiation. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is the preferred modality for administering radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer. There are significant side effects from radiation, including anorectal and sexual dysfunction, which may be less with short course neoadjuvant radiation.