糯玉米对生性状的遗传特点分析

用对生玉米与白糯玉米杂交 ,合成对群糯原始群体。对其中的杂交F1 、F2 、F34个单株后代系统的遗传特点分析 ,判定控制对生性状的基因是多个位点 ,对生率有的高有的低 ,对生率遗传符合 1∶1。

利用对生玉米改良群体的研究

本项试验利用pob46×对214-乙、Suwan×对4356建立两个相互全姊妹轮回选择群体,进行十代的选择鉴定,其分析结果是:就最高产组合来看,S2×P2比S1×P1增产27.3%,证明利用对生玉米做桥梁亲本有助于提高遗传进化的速度,其效率十分明显。

A super-resolution reconstruction algorithm for mural images based on improved generative adversarial network

In order to solve the problem of the lack of ornamental value and research value of ancient mural paintings due to low resolution and fuzzy texture details,a super resolution(SR)method based on generative adduction network(GAN)was proposed.This method reconstructed the detail texture of mural image better.Firstly,in view of the insufficient utilization of shallow image features,information distillation blocks(IDB)were introduced to extract shallow image features and enhance the output results of the network behind.Secondly,residual dense blocks with residual scaling and feature fusion(RRDB-Fs)were used to extract deep image features,which removed the BN layer in the residual block that affected the quality of image generation,and improved the training speed of the network.Furthermore,local feature fusion and global feature fusion were applied in the generation network,and the features of different levels were merged together adaptively,so that the reconstructed image contained rich details.Finally,in calculating the perceptual loss,the brightness consistency between the reconstructed fresco and the original fresco was enhanced by using the features before activation,while avoiding artificial interference.The experimental results showed that the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity metrics were improved compared with other algorithms,with an improvement of 0.512 dB-3.016 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio and 0.009-0.089 in structural similarity,and the proposed method had better visual effects.

Effects of Sand Burial on the Survival, Growth, and Biomass Allocation in Semi-shrub Hedysarum laeve Seedlings

Hedysarum laeve Maxim. (Leguminosae) is one of the major species used frequently in revegetation of dune_field in the sandlands of the northern part of China by means of aerial sowing. Seedlings of the species after emergence above the sand surface may be buried in sand to various depths during its establishment in late spring and early summer. A study was made to examine the effects of sand burial at different levels of 0 (control), 33%, 67%, 100% and 133% of their shoot height, on the survivorship, growth, and biomass allocation pattern of H. laeve seedlings (one and two weeks old after emergence). When burial depth was up to 100% of their shoot height, about 70% seedlings died; and the burial at depth of 133% of their shoot height led to death of all seedlings. When seedlings was buried at depth of 33% and 67% of their shoot height, respectively, after six_week growth, their biomass of whole plant, blade, and root and relative growth rate were higher than the unburied counterparts. The seedlings in both 33% and 67% sand burial treatments did not significantly change their biomass allocation pattern comparing with the unburied ones. Furthermore, the number of leaves and shoot height of the seedlings in both 33% and 67% sand burial treatments were not significantly different from those of unburied individuals, respectively. The newly born leaves of the surviving seedlings, in 33%, 67%, and 100% burial treatments, during the period of experiment, were significantly more than those in control.

Effects of temperature and irradiance on early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm (Gigartinaceae,Rhodophyta)

Chondrus is a type of commercially produced red seaweed that widely used for food and carrageen extraction. Although the natural life history of the alga had been well understood, the factors influencing development of the tetraspore and carpospore remain poorly understood. In the perspective of seedling resources, the regulation of early development is crucial for the seedlillg nursing; therefore, it is necessary to understand the physiological influences during its early development. In this study, we studied the effects of temperature and irradiance on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm under laboratory conditions. The released tetraspores and carpospores were cultivated at different temperatures （10-28℃） and irradiances （10, 60 μmol photons m^-2s^-1） with a photoperiod of 12L： 12D. The results indicate that both tetraspores and carpospores are tolerant to temperatures of 10-25℃, and have the highest relative growth rate at 20℃. Irradiance variances influenced the growth of the discoid crusts, and the influence was more significant with increasing temperature; 60 μmol photons m^-2s^-1 was more suitable than 10 μmol photons m^-2s^-1. The optimum temperature and irradiance for the development of seedlings was 20℃ and 60 μmol photons m^-2s^-1, respectively.

Incidence and survival of stomach cancer in a high-risk population of Chile

AIM:To study the incidence and survival rate of stomach cancer(SC)and its associated factors in a high risk population in Chile. METHODS:The population-based cancer registry of Valdivia,included in the International Agency for Research on Cancer system,covers 356 396 residents of Valdivia Province,Southern Chile.We studied all SC cases entered in this Registry during 1998-2002 (529 cases).Population data came from the Chilean census(2002).Standardized incidence rates per 100 000 inhabitants(SIR)using the world population, cumulative risk of developing cancer before age 75, and rate ratios by sex,age,ethnicity and social factors were estimated.Relative survival(EdererⅡmethod) and age-standardized estimates(Brenner method) were calculated.Specific survival rates(Kaplan-Meier) were measured at 3 and 5 years and survival curves were analyzed with the Logrank and Breslow tests. Survival was studied in relation to demographics, clinical presentation,laboratory results and medical management of the cases.Those variables significantly associated with survival were later included in a Cox multivariate model. RESULTS:Between 1998 and 2002,529 primary gastric cancers occurred in Valdivia(crude incidence rate 29.2 per 100000 inhabitants).Most cases were male(69.0%), residents of urban areas(57.5%)and Hispanic(83.2%), with a low education level(84.5%<8 school years). SC SIR was higher in men than women(40.8 and 14.8 respectively,P<0.001),risk factors were low education RR 4.4(95%CI:2.9-6.8)and 1.6,(95%CI:1.1-2.1) for women and men respectively and Mapuche ethnicity only significant for women(RR 2.2,95%CI:1.2-3.7).Of all cases,76.4%were histologically confirmed,11.5% had a death certificate only(DCO),56.1%were TNM stageⅣ;445 cases(84.1%)were eligible for survival analysis,all completed five years follow-up;42 remained alive,392 died of SC and 11 died from other causes. Specific 5-year survival,excluding cases with DCO,was 10.6%(95%CI:7.7-13.5);5-year relative survival rate was 12.3%(95%CI:9.1-16.1),men 10.9%(95%CI: 7.4-15.2)and women 16.1%(95%CI:9.5-24.5).Fiveyear specific survival was higher for patients aged<55 years(17.3%),with intestinal type of cancer(14.6%), without metastasis(22.2%),tumor size<4 cm(60.0%), without lymphatic invasion(77.1%),only involvement of the mucous membrane(100%).Statistically significant independent prognostic factors were:TNM staging, diffuse type,metastasis,supraclavicular adenopathy, palpable tumor,and hepatitis or ascites. CONCLUSION:Social determinants are the main risk factors for SC,but not for survival.An advanced clinical stage at consultation is the main cause of poor SC survival.

Analysis of Synonymous Codon Usage in Aeropyrum pernix K1 and Other Crenarchaeota Microorganisms

In this study, a comparative analysis of the codon usage bias was performed in Aeropyrum pernix K1 and two other phylogenetically related Crenarchaeota microorganisms （i.e., Pyrobaculum aerophilum str. IM2 and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639）. The results indicated that the synonymous codon usage in A. pernix K1 was less biased, which was highly correlated with the GC3s value. The codon usage patterns were phylogenetically conserved among these Crenarchaeota microorganisms. Comparatively, it is the species function rather than the gene function that determines their gene codon usage patterns. A. pernix K1, P. aerophilum str. IM2, and S. acidocaldarius DSM 639 live in differently extreme conditions. It is presumed that the hving environment played an important role in determining the codon usage pattern of these microorganisms. Besides, there was no strain-specific codon usage among these microorganisms. The extent of codon bias in A. pernix K1 and S. acidocaldarius DSM 639 were highly correlated with the gene expression level, but no such association was detected in P. aerophilum str. IM2 genomes.

Effects of elevated CO_2 on the photosynthesis and nitrate reductase activity of Pyropia haitanensis(Bangiales,Rhodophyta) grown at different nutrient levels

Pyropia haitanensis, a commercially important species, was cultured at two CO2 concentrations （390× 10^-6 and 700× 10^-6 （parts per million）） and at low and high nutrient levels, to explore the effect of elevated CO2 on the species under nutrient enrichment. Results show that in CO2-enriched thalli, relative growth rate （RGR） was enhanced under nutrient enrichment. Elevated CO2 decreased phycobiliprotein （PB） contents, but increased the contents of soluble carbohydrates. Nutrient enrichment increased the contents of chlorophyll a （Chl a） and PB, while soluble carbohydrate content decreased. CO2 enrichment enhanced the relative maximum electronic transport rate and light saturation point. In nutrient-enriched thalli the activity of nitrate reductase （NRA） increased under elevated CO2. An instantaneous pH change in seawater （from 8.1 to 9.6） resulted in reduction of NRA, and the thalli grown under both elevated CO2 and nutrient enrichment exhibited less pronounced reduction than in algae grown at the ambient CO2. The thermal optima of NRA under elevated CO2 and/or nutrient enrichment shifted to a lower temperature （10-15 ℃） compared to that in ambient conditions （20℃）. We propose that accelerated photosynthesis could result in growth increment. N assimilation remained high in acidified seawater and reflected increased temperature sensitivity in response to elevated CO_2 and eutrophication.

BAP Spray and Plastic Container Responses on Asparagus officmalis L. Crown Growth

The aims of this work were to study the effect of two different plastic containers on asparagus growth and the effect of early applied 6-benzilaminepurine （BAP） on crown growth during the first two years after seed germination. Although there was not found a root restriction effect with the use of plastic containers, there were significant differences between plants grown in plastic seedbed or single pots which suggesting an unusual and unexpected asparagus autotoxicity. The results showed that crown fresh weight, total dry weight, relative growth ratio （RGRroot）, root：shoot ratio and photosynthetic shoot number increased in BAP-sprayed plants over the controls without treatment as a result of a change in photosynthate partitioning towards the root system. The BAP snravs seem to be a ~reater effect under conditions with favor autotoxicitv such as the seedbed than in single pot crown-grown.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for resectable esophageal carcinoma:A meta-analysis

AIM:To compare neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery with surgery alone for resectable esophageal carcinoma. METHODS:We used MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify eligible studies and manual searches were done to ensure no studies were missed.Trial validity assessment was performed and a trial quality score was assigned. RESULTS:Eleven randomized controlled trials(RCTs) including 1308 patients were selected.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy significantly improved the overall survival compared with surgery alone.Odds ratio(OR) [95%confidence interval(CI),P value],expressed as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery vs surgery alone,was 1.28(1.01-1.64,P=0.05)for 1-year survival,1.78(1.20-2.66,P=0.004)for 3-year survival,and 1.46(1.07-1.99,P=0.02)for 5-year survival.Postoperative mortality increased in patients treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(OR: 1.68,95%CI:1.03-2.73,P=0.04),but incidence of postoperative complications was similar in two groups (OR:1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49,P=0.32).Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy lowered the local-regional cancer recurrence(OR:0.64,95%CI:0.41-0.99,P=0.04), but incidence of distant cancer recurrence was similar (OR:0.94,95%CI:0.68-1.31,P=0.73).Histological subgroup analysis indicated that esophageal squamous cell carcinoma did not benefit from neoadjuvantchemoradiotherapy,OR(95%CI,P value)was 1.16(0.85-1.57,P=0.34)for 1-year survival,1.34 (0.98-1.82,P=0.07)for 3-year survival and 1.41 (0.98-2.02,P=0.06)for 5-year survival. CONCLUSION:Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can raise the survival rate of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Binding energy of donors in symmetric triangular quantum wells

Hydrogen-like donor impurity states in symmetric triangular quantum wells are investigated by using a variational method.Both the effects of the variable effective mass of electrons and the spatially dependent dielectric constant are considered in the calculation.The numerical results show that the binding energy depends on not only the effective mass and dielectric constant but also the spatial distribution of electron probability density.The binding energies of donor states get the maximums at the well-center.The results are also compared with those obtained in parabolic and square wells.It is seen that the triangular well support the highest binding energies for donor states.

Appropriate posture of cancer patients treated with PICC to prevent internal jugular vein ectopic

We aimed to study the appropriate posture of peripherally inserted central catheter （PICC） patients, to reduce the incidence of internal jugular vein heterotopia. Methods： From 2009 to 2013, a total of 290 cases with PICC were enrolled in our study. They were divided into two groups. The patients in control group took regular position, which mean pros- tration, upper limb of tube side was abduction 90°, head moved to puncture side in order to block the internal jugular vein. On the basis of conventional body position putting, posture of patients in observation group was improved, the head remain neutral, and had 180° angle with trunk longitudinal axis, not favor any side. After ensuring the upper limb abduction, had 90° angle with the trunk, then catheter was inserted slowly. The jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate was judged by X.ray results. Results： The jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate of control group and observation was 12.8% and 0.68%, respectively. The difference between two groups was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The body posture improvement can prevent discomfort of patients and reduce the jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate of PICC.

Influence of Summer Monsoon on Asymmetric Bimodal Pattern of Tropical Cyclogenesis Frequency over the Bay of Bengal

The influence of summer monsoon on tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is explored using an empirical genesis potential (GP) index. The annual cycle of cyclogenesis frequency over the BoB shows an asymmetric bimodal pattern with the maximum genesis number appearing in late October and the second largest in early May. The two peaks correspond to the withdrawal and onset of the BoB summer monsoon, respectively. The semimonthly GP index calculated without TC days over the BoB is consistent with TC genesis frequency, indicating that the index captures the monsoon-induced changes in the environment that are responsible for the seasonal variation of TC genesis frequency. Of the four environmental variables (i.e., low-level vorticity, mid-level relative humidity, potential intensity, and vertical wind shear) that enter into the GP index, the potential intensity makes the largest contribution to the bimodal distribution, followed by vertical wind shear due to small wind speed during the summer monsoon onset and withdrawal. The difference in TC genesis frequency between autumn and late spring is mainly owing to the relative humid-ity difference because a divergence (convergence) of horizontal moisture flux associated with cold dry northerlies (warm wet wester-lies) dominates the BoB in late spring (autumn).

Effect of Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) Farming Waste on the Growth, Digestion, Ammonium-Nitrogen Excretion of Sea Cucumber(Stichopus monotuberculatus)

In this study, specific growth rate(SGR), ingestion rate(IR), food conversion ratio(FCR), apparent digestion ratio(ADR) and ammonium-nitrogen excretion were determined for sea cucumber(Stichopus monotuberculatus) reared in plastic containers(70 L; 4 containers each diet treatment). Sea cucumbers were fed with five diets containing different amounts of farming waste from shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)(100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0) and a formulated compound(20% sea mud and 80% powdered algae). Sea cucumbers grew faster when they were fed with diet D(25% shrimp waste and 75% formulated compound) than those fed with other diets. Although IR value of sea cucumber fed with diet A(shrimp waste) was higher than those fed with other diets, both the lowest SGR and the highest FCR occurred in this diet group. The highest and the lowest ADR occurred in diet E(formulated compound) and diet A group, respectively, and the same to ammonium-nitrogen excretion. The contents of crude protein, crude lipid and total organic matter(TOM) in feces decreased in comparison with corresponding diets. In the feces from different diet treatments, the contents of crude protein and TOM increased gradually as the contents of crude protein and TOM in diets increased, while crude lipid content decreased gradually as the crude lipid content in diets increased.

Flavor-Changing Bottom-Strange Associated in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-parity at the ILC

In the littlest Higgs model with T-parity(LHT) the mirror quarks induce the special flavor structures and some new flavor-changing couplings,which could greatly enhance the production rates of the flavor-changing processes. We in this paper study some bottom and anti-strange production processes in the LHT model at the International Linear Collider(ILC),i.e.,e^+e^-→bs andγγ→bs.The results show that the production rates of these processes are sizeable for the favorable values of the parameters.Therefore,it is quite possible to test the LHT model or make some constraints on the relevant parameters of the LHT through the detection of these processes at the ILC.

Photolysis and Rate Constant of 2,3-butanedione with OH Radicals in the Aqueous Phase under Tropospheric Conditions

Photolysis rate （J1） and reaction rate constants （kl） for the biacetyl （butane-2,3-dione） were evaluated in aqueous phase using a continuous photolysis system with a conventional Xe-Hg arc lamp as a light source. The OH radicals was generated by H2OE/UV process and biacetyl （CH3C（O）C（O）CH3） concentrations were monitored using 2,4-DNPH derivatization method. 2,3-butanedione molecule is widely present in the atmosphere, it have been detected in hydrometeors （fogs, rain, and clouds） and at a significant yield （up to 10μmolar）. The measurements were performed at 294 K and with free pH values. Our results lead to the following obtained values： J1= 3×10^-4 S^-1 and k1 = （6.17±0.95）×10^8 M^-1·s^-1.The uncertainty listed above is ±15%.

Effect of Dietary Potassium on Growth, Nitrogen Metabolism, Osmoregulation and Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamel） Reared in Low Salinity Seawater

An 8 weeks feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary potassium on the growth and physio-logical acclimation of Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamei） reared in diluted seawater （salinity 4）. Six semi-purified practical diets containing 0.59, 0.96, 1.26, 1.48, 1.74, and 2.17 g potassium K＋ per 100 g diet were formulated, respectively. The survival and feed conversion rate did not show significant difference among groups of shrimps given these diets （P〉0.05）. The shrimps fed the diets containing 0.96-1.48 g K＋ per 100g diet gained the highest weight, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Their ammonium-N excretion rate as well as hemolymph concentration of Na＋ and C1- were significantly lower than those of the control （P〈0.05）, but a reverse trend was observed for their gill Na＋/K＋-ATPase. Moreover, the shrimps fed with 1.48 g K＋ per 100 g diet were the highest in hemolymph urea level, and the phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities were significantly higher than those of the control （P〈0.05）. The growth and physiological response of the test shrimps suggested that diet containing 1.48 g K＋ per 100 g diet improved the growth of L. vannamei in low-salinity seawater, and enhanced the physiological acclimation of the organism.

Relative position of seeds driven the seedling growth are mediated by root-leaf traits

Variations in plant traits are indicative of plant adaptations to forest environments,and studying their relationships with tree growth provides valuable insights into forest regeneration.The spatial arrangement of plant seeds within the forest litter or soil critically infuences the variations of root-leaf traits,thereby affecting the adaptive strategies of emerging seedlings.However,our current understanding of the impacts of individual root-leaf traits on seedling growth in different relative position,and whether these traits together affect growth,remains limited.This study focuses on the dominant tree species,Castanopsis kawakamii,within the Sanming C.kawakamii Nature Reserve of China.The present experiment aimed to examine the variations in root-leaf traits of seedling,focus on the relative positions of seeds within different layers:beneath or above the litter layer,or within the bare soil layer(without litter).Our fndings provided evidence supporting a coordinated relationship between root and leaf traits,wherein leaf traits varied in conjunction with root traits in the relative positions of seeds.Specifcally,we observed that seedlings exhibited higher values for specifc leaf area and average root diameter,while displaying lower root tissue density.The mixed model explained 86.1%of the variation in root-leaf traits,surpassing the variation explained by the relative positions.Furthermore,soil nitrogen acted as a mediator,regulating the relationship between seedling growth and root-leaf traits,specifcally leaf dry matter content and root tissue density.Therefore,future studies should consider artifcially manipulating tree species diversity based on root-leaf traits characteristics to promote forest recovery.

Acupuncture plus Cupping for Treating Insomnia in College Students

Objective： To observe clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus cupping for treating insomnia in college students. Methods： Ninety two college students suffering from insomnia were randomly divided into a treatment group （52 cases） and a control group （40 cases）. Acupuncture plus cupping was used for profiting the brain and tranquilizing the mind in the treatment group, and conventional differentiation of symptoms and signs was used in the control group. Therapeutic effect, number of treatment, self-rating sleeping scaling （SRSS）, and subtracted rate were evaluated after one month of treatment. Results： There was a significant difference in effective rate between the two groups （P〈0.05）. For the cases with moderate insomnia, the effective rate was obviously better in the treatment group than that in the control group （P〈0.05）, and for the cases with slight and moderate insomnia, the average treatment number was remarkably less in the former than that in the latter （P〈0.01）. SRSS was reduced in both gObjective： To observe clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus cupping for treating insomnia in college students. Methods： Ninety two college students suffering from insomnia were randomly divided into a treatment group （52 cases） and a control group （40 cases）. Acupuncture plus cupping was used for profiting the brain and tranquilizing the mind in the treatment group, and conventional differentiation of symptoms and signs was used in the control group. Therapeutic effect, number of treatment, self-rating sleeping scaling （SRSS）, and subtracted rate were evaluated after one month of treatment. Results： There was a significant difference in effective rate between the two groups （P〈0.05）. For the cases with moderate insomnia, the effective rate was obviously better in the treatment group than that in the control group （P〈0.05）, and for the cases with slight and moderate insomnia, the average treatment number was remarkably less in the former than that in the latter （P〈0.01）. SRSS was reduced in both groups （P〈0.01, P〈0.05） with a significant difference between the two groups （P〈0.05）. The subtracted rate in the former was more than that in the latter （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The therapeutic effect in the treatment group was better than that in the control group, showing superiority in the cases with moderate insomnia with less treatments and more improved and cured rates.

The negative effects of soil microorganisms on plant growth only extend to the first weeks

Soil biotic communities can strongly impact plant performance.In this paper,we ask the question:how longlasting the effect of the soil microbial community on plant growth is.We examined the plant growth rates at three stages:early,mid and late growth.We performed two growth experiments with Jacobaea vulgaris,which lasted 49 and 63 days in sterilized soil or live soil.In a third experiment,we examined the effect of the timing of soil inoculation prior to planting on the relative growth rate of J.vulgaris with four different timing treatments.In all experiments,differences in biomass of plants grown in sterilized soil and live soil increased throughout the experiment.Also,the relative growth rate of plants in the sterilized soil was only significantly higher than that of plants in the live soil in the first two to three weeks.In the third experiment,plant biomass decreased with increasing time between inoculation and planting.Overall,our results showed that plants of J.vulgaris grew less well in live soil than in sterilized soil.The negative effects of soil inoculation on plant mass appeared to extend over the whole growth period but arise from the negative effects on relative growth rates that occurred in the first weeks.