“Involution”与“内卷”概念的翻译对等度考察

“内卷”作为一个从英语世界译入的外来词,1986年进入国内学术界,而在2020~2021年经过中国网络社区发酵后,中国官方在英语世界解释的“内卷”与1986的译入的“内卷”已意义悬殊。“involution”在中译后获得了“内卷”这一能指符号,该能指符号虽用于经济学语境,但通过中文语料库的研究显示,在大众语境下主要还是反映植物学界的世界观和理论概念。而在2020年“内卷”这一能指挣脱原来的所指范畴,产生了“内耗式内部竞争”这一新的社会心理学所指意义。这一跨文化旅行所带来的符号意义的增加,是理论旅行中文化语境参数的变化带来的概念变异,也是模因传播模仿和复制时产生的语义迁徙。出于经济原则,“involution”与“内卷”直接构成了主流媒体上的对等词,但其对等关系需要进行二度解释才能被西方世界所理解和接受。

译文与原文的对等度——兼评培根On Studies的三种译文

本文认为译文只可能一定程度上在文体、语义、美学、知识、语体等方面与原文对等,对等度越大,译文就越好。并简要地比较了王佐良、水天同和何新对培根On Studies一文所作的三种不同翻译。

从语言模糊性角度探索法律语言翻译原则

语言的精确性是相对的,而其模糊性是绝对的.语言的系统意义向外指意义转化的过程就是语言的模糊性向精确性转化的过程.在翻译实践中,译者应首先在理解法律语言系统意义基础上掌握其外指意义,然后用相应的目的语词语表达原语词语同等程度的模糊性,即遵守“模糊度对等”原则.运用模糊数学集合论的方法可以帮助译者找出与原文概念模糊度对等的译入语表达,从而提高法律翻译的准确性.

电脑熟悉程度对英语快速阅读测试影响的研究

随着计算机网络技术的发展,语言测试也开始逐步从传统的纸笔考试转向计算机网络考试。机考与纸笔考试的等效研究,尤其是针对阅读的等效研究受到了学者们的关注。然而前期研究中多是针对短篇深度阅读,几乎没有针对长篇快速阅读项目的对等性研究。本文从长篇快速阅读入手,从计算机熟悉程度角度探讨机考对于长篇快速阅读的影响。

企业合作网络中嵌入性及联盟类型对创新绩效影响的实证研究——以中国半导体战略联盟网络为例

社会网络认为关系性嵌入和结构性嵌入都会对企业的行为和绩效产生影响.本文以中国半导体战略联盟为实证对象,结合探索式联盟和开发式联盟来考察结构对等性和关系强度对企业创新绩效的作用.实证结果发现,探索式联盟需要维系更多的强关系,开发式联盟则相反;结构对等度对探索式联盟比率与企业创新绩效之间的关系具有负向调节作用,而结构对等度与企业创新绩效存在倒U型关系,探索式联盟的组建对企业近期的创新存在负向作用;如果企业已经从高结构对等度的网络中获取足够利益的话,再通过维系强关系所获得的利益不会太多.最后,结合中国半导体行业联盟的现状进行分析,并提出相关建议.

基于纸笔的语言测试和基于计算机的语言测试之间效度对等性验证模式初探

基于计算机的语言测试的效度可能受到计算机熟悉程度、视听领域认知能力以及其他能力结构差异三方面因素的影响。因此，验证基于计算机的语言测试效度对等性是设计基于计算机的语言测试的一个重要环节。本文通过英语国家概况测试的案例研究，阐释了测量计算机熟悉程度、评估视听领域认知能力影响及验证测试能力结构的三步骤效度对等性验证模式，为构建基于纸笔的语言测试和基于计算机的语言测试之间效度对等性验证模式提供一定的方法借鉴。

法律语言中词语的模糊语义现象

提要:法律语言的精确性是相对的,其模糊性才是绝对的。文章从语言的系统意义和外指意义两方面分析了法律语言中的模糊语义现象,指出应当承认法律语言的模糊性。并指出在翻译实践中,译者遵守“模糊度对等”原则,提高法律翻译的准确性。

Properties and microstructure of Cu/diamond composites prepared by spark plasma sintering method

Cu/diamond composites have been considered as the next generation of thermal management material for electronic packages and heat sinks applications. Cu/diamond composites with different volume fractions of diamond were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering（SPS） method. The sintering temperatures and volume fractions（50%, 60% and 70%） of diamond were changed to investigate their effects on the relative density, homogeneity of the microstructure and thermal conductivity of the composites. The results show that the relative density, homogeneity of the microstructure and thermal conductivity of the composites increase with decreasing the diamond volume fraction; the relative density and thermal conductivity of the composites increase with increasing the sintering temperature. The thermal conductivity of the composites is a result of the combined effect of the volume fraction of diamond, the homogeneity and relative density of the composites.

SFES: A scalable, fault-tolerant, efficient search scheme in a peer-to-peer network

This paper presents SFES: a scalable, fault-tolerant, efficient search scheme in a peer-to-peer network. The idea is based on the fact that data distribution in an information society has structured features. We designed an algorithm to cluster peers that have similar interests. When receiving a query request, a peer will preferentially forward it to another peer which belongs to the same cluster and shares more similar interests. By this method, search efficiency will be remarkably improved and at the same time good resistance against peer failure (the ability to withstand peer failure) is reserved. Keyword partial-match is supported, too.

Mechanical properties and plasma erosion resistance of BN_p/Al_2O_3-SiO_2 composite ceramics

BNp/Al2O3-SiO2 system ceramic matrix composites with different volume fractions （10%-60%） of hexagonal BN particulates （BNp） were prepared by hot-press sintering technique. Phase components, microstructure, mechanical properties and plasma erosion resistance were also investigated. With the increase of h-BNp content, relative density and Vickers＇ hardness of the composite ceramics decrease, while the flexural strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness increase and then decrease. The plasma erosion resistance linearly deteriorated with the increase of BNp content which is mainly determined by the density, crystal structure and atomic number of the elements.

Influence of Synthesis Parameters with Low Seed Addition on the Crystallinity of ZSM-5

ZSM-5 zeolite microparticles （MPs） were synthesized under hydrothermal condition using a low crystal seed addition approach without template. The synthesis parameters such as the seed addition amount, the SiOJA1203 ratio, the aluminum source, the feeding addition method, aging, and crystallization were investigated. The structure, morphology and composition of the as-synthesized ZSM-5 zeolite MPs were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, laser particle size distribution （PSD） measurements, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）. The SIO2/A1203 ratio of ZSM-5 zeolite MPs was in the range of 20~80. The low seed addition was beneficial to improving the crystallinity and shortening the crystallization time, and the suitable amount of seed was 0.25% （SIO2）. The ZSM-5 zeolite MPs synthesized with aluminium nitrate nonahydrate used as the aluminum source exhibited a relatively high crystallinity. An appropriate aging time could eliminate the effect of feeding addition method and effectively adjust particle size. The particle size of ZSM-5 zeolite obtained at an aging time of 20 h was around 2.0 I.tm. Prolonging the aging time appropriately could also shorten the high-temperature crystallization time. The suitable aging time was 24 h, and the relative crystallinity of ZSM-5 zeolite could reach up to 99% after crystallization for 24 h at 180 ℃

Electron Acceleration in Wakefield and Supra-Bubble Regimes by Ultraintense Laser with Asymmetric Pulse

Electron acceleration in plasma driven by circular polarized ultraintense laser with asymmetric pulse axe investigated analytically and numerically in terms of oscillation-center Hamiltonian formalism. Studies include wakefield acceleration, which dominates in blow-out or bubble regime and snow-plow acceleration which dominates in supra-bubble regime. By a comparison with each other it is found that snow-plow acceleration has lower acceleration capability. In wakefield acceleration, there exists an obvious optimum pulse asymmetry or/and pulse lengths that leads to the high net energy gain while in snow-plow acceleration it is insensitive to the pulse lengths. Power and linear scaling laws for wakefield and snow-plow acceleration respetively are observed from the net energy gain depending on laser field amplitude. Moreover, there exists also an upper and lower limit on plasma density for an effective acceleration in both of regimes.

Translation Studies within the Framework of Feminism- Implications and Limitations of Feminist Translation

Feminist Translation is the translation studies within the framework of feminism, which breaks the shackles ot binary opposition in traditional translation theory and its distinctive feature is the subversion of fidelity in traditional translation theory, it reinterprets the relationship between the translation and the original text, the translator and the original author. Feminist translation is significant in various aspects under the goal of achieving gender equality. Meanwhile, it is necessary to note that feminist translation has some limitations and criticism for its intervention of original text and overstate of feminist identity. So this essay is trying to reflect on translations within the frame of feminism, in which includes the contribution and limitation of feminist translation.

An asymmetric Orlicz centroid inequality for probability measures

Using M-addition,an asymmetric Orlicz centroid inequality for absolutely continuous probability measures is established corresponding to Paouris and Pivovarov’s recent result on the symmetric case.As an application,we extend Haberl and Schuster’s asymmetric Lp centroid inequality from star bodies to compact sets.

Double Wronskian Solution and Soliton Properties of the Nonisospectral BKP Equation

Based on the Wronskian technique and Lax pair,double Wronskian solution of the nonisospectral BKP equation is presented explicitly.The speed and dynamical influence of the one soliton are discussed.Soliton resonances of two soliton are shown by means of density distributions.Soliton properties are also investigated in the inhomogeneous media.

Mean width inequalities for symmetric Wulff shapes

We establish the mean width inequalities for symmetric Wulff shapes by a direct approach.We also yield the dual inequality along with the equality conditions.These new inequalities have Barthe’s mean width inequalities for even isotropic measures and its dual form as special cases.

Macwilliams Identities of Linear Codes over the Ring F_2+ uF_2+ vF_2

The Lee weight enumerators and the complete weight enumerators for the linear codes over ring R = F2 ＋ u F2 ＋ v F2 are defined and Gray map from R^nto F2^3n is constructed. By proving the fact that the Gray images of the self-dual codes over R are the self-dual codes over F2, and based on the Mac Williams identities for the Hamming weight enumerators of linear codes over F2, the Mac Williams identities for Lee weight enumerators of linear codes over R are given. Further, by introducing a special variable t, the Mac Williams identities for the complete weight enumerators of linear codes over R are obtained. Finally, an example which illustrates the correctness and function of the two Mac Williams identities is provided.

Effects of Higher-Order Relativistic Nonlinearity and Wakefield During a Moderately Intense Laser Pulse Propagation in a Plasma Channel

Using a variational approach,the propagation of a moderately intense laser pulse in a parabolic preformed plasma channel is investigated.The effects of higher-order relativistic nonlinearity (HRN) and wakefield are included.The effect of HRN serves as an additional defocusing mechanism and has the same order of magnitude in the spot size as that of the transverse wakefield (TWF).The effect of longitudinal wakefield is much larger than those of HRN and TWF for an intense laser pulse with the pulse length equaling the plasma wavelength.The catastrophic focusing of the laser spot size would be prevented in the present of HRN and then it varies with periodic focusing oscillations.