Convection-enhanced delivery （CED） is a promising technique leveraging pressure-driven flow to increase penetration of infused drugs into interstitial spaces. We have developed a fiberoptic microneedle device for in...Convection-enhanced delivery （CED） is a promising technique leveraging pressure-driven flow to increase penetration of infused drugs into interstitial spaces. We have developed a fiberoptic microneedle device for inducing local sub-lethal hyperthermia to further improve CED drug distribution volumes, and this study seeks to quantitatively characterize this approach in agarose tissue phantoms. Infusions of dye were conducted in 0.6% （w/w） agarose tissue phantoms with isothermal conditions at 15 ℃, 20℃, 25 ℃, and 30 ℃. Infusion metrics were quantified using a custom shadowgraphy setup and image- processing algorithm. These data were used to build an empirical predictive temporal model of distribution volume as a function of phantom temperature. A second set of proof- of-concept experiments was conducted to evaluate a novel fiberoptic device capable of generating local photothermal heating during fluid infusion. The isothermal infusions showed a positive correlation between temperature and distribution volume, with the volume at 30℃ showing a 7-fold increase at 100 min over the 15 ℃ isothermal case. Infusions during photothermal heating （1064 nm at 500 mW） showed a similar effect with a 3.5-fold increase at 4 h over the control （0 mW）. These results and analyses serve to provide insight into and characterization of heat-mediated enhancement of volumetric dispersal.展开更多
To study the influence of the Soret and Dufour effects on the reactive characteristics of a porous packed bed with endothermic reactions and forced convection, a two-dimensional mathematical model considering the cros...To study the influence of the Soret and Dufour effects on the reactive characteristics of a porous packed bed with endothermic reactions and forced convection, a two-dimensional mathematical model considering the cross-diffusion effects was developed in accordance with the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and the local thermal non-equilibrium model. The simulation results were validated by comparing with experimental data. The influence of the Soret and Dufour effects on the heat transfer, mass transfer and endothermic chemical reaction in the non-thermal equilibrium packed bed is discussed. It was found that when the Peclet number reaches 1865, the maximum relative error of the concentration of gas product induced by the Soret effect is 34.7% and that of the solid fractional conversion caused by the Dufour effect is 10.8% at reaction time 160 s and initial temperature 1473 K. The differences induced by the Soret and Dufour effects are demonstrated numerically to increase gradually with the initial temperature of feeding gas and the Peclet number.展开更多
Cooperative system bridges comprise several basic structures that act jointly to improve structural characteristics. We delved into the historical development of cooperative system bridges. Cooperative systems are cla...Cooperative system bridges comprise several basic structures that act jointly to improve structural characteristics. We delved into the historical development of cooperative system bridges. Cooperative systems are classified as different-load cooperative systems and same-load cooperative systems by distinguishing the modes of load distribution. For different-load cooperation,individual basic structures are at different positions in the direction along bridge axis and carry the loads separately. While for same-load cooperation,all basic structures overlap in geometrical locations and support the entire loads conjointly. The choosing of span ratios between basic structures,the design of connections of different-load cooperative systems were discussed as well as optimizations of relative rigidity for same-load cooperative systems which greatly influence structural characteristics. The general situation and several structural measurements of several cooperative bridges were demonstrated. This information can assist engineers in developing their concepts in cooperative systems and can lead to more efficient and economical cooperative bridges.展开更多
Venous thromboembolism （VTE） is the commonest cause of preventable death in hospitalized patients. Elderly patients have higher risk of VTE because of the high prevalence of predisposing co-morbidities and acute ill...Venous thromboembolism （VTE） is the commonest cause of preventable death in hospitalized patients. Elderly patients have higher risk of VTE because of the high prevalence of predisposing co-morbidities and acute illnesses. Clinical diagnosis of VTE in the elderly patient is particularly difficult and, as such, adequate VTE prophylaxis is of pivotal importance in reducing the mortality and morbidities of VTE. Omission of VTE prophylaxis is, however, very common despite continuous education. A simple way to overcome this problem is to implement universal VTE prophylaxis for all hospitalized elderly patients instead of selective prophylaxis for some patients only according to individual＇ s risk of VTE. Although pharmacological VTE prophylaxis is effective for most patients, a high prevalence of renal impairment and drug interactions in the hospitalized elderly patients suggests that a multimodality approach may be more appropriate. Mechanical VTE prophylaxis, including calf and thigh compression devices and/or an inferior vena cava filter, are often underutilized in hospitalized elderly patients who are at high-risk of bleeding and VTE. Because pneumatic compression devices and thigh length stockings are virtually risk free, mechanical VTE prophylaxis may allow early or immediate implementation of VTE prophylaxis for all hospitalized elderly patients, regardless of their bleeding and VTE risk. Although the cost-effectiveness of this Multimodality Universal STat （＇MUST＇） VTE prophylaxis approach for hospitalized elderly patients remains uncertain, this strategy appears to offer some advantages over the traditional ＇selective and single-modal＇ VTE prophylaxis approach, which often becomes ＇hit or miss＇ or not implemented promptly in many hospitalized elderly patients. A large clustered randomized controlled trial is, however, needed to assess whether early, multimodality, universal VTE prophylaxis can improve important clinical outcomes of hospitalized elderly patients.展开更多
Effective thermal conductivity with convection and radiation is analyzed by the homogenization method. This method can precisely represent the microstructure of a packed bed. In this study, the effects of parameters s...Effective thermal conductivity with convection and radiation is analyzed by the homogenization method. This method can precisely represent the microstructure of a packed bed. In this study, the effects of parameters such as the radiation emissivity, temperature, contact area and particle size of the packed bed on the conductivity have been estimated. For example, heat transfer by radiation does not dominate if the material has voids of less than l mm in size. Moreover, the effects of contact area and pressure on effective thermal conductivity are negligible for thermal radiation. By considering the microscopic behavior of a packed bed, the homogenization method is thus a powerful tool for estimating the bed＇s effective thermal conductivity.展开更多
A new iris feature extraction approach using both spatial and frequency domain is presented. Steerable pyramid is adopted to get the orientation information on iris images. The feature sequence is extracted on each su...A new iris feature extraction approach using both spatial and frequency domain is presented. Steerable pyramid is adopted to get the orientation information on iris images. The feature sequence is extracted on each sub-image and used to train Support Vector Machine (SVM) as iris classifiers. SVM has drawn great interest recently as one of the best classifiers in machine learning, although there is a problem in the use of traditional SVM for iris recognition. It cannot treat False Accept and False Reject differently with different security requirements. Therefore, a new kind of SVM called Non-symmetrical SVM is presented to classify the iris features. Experimental data shows that Non-symmetrical SVM can satisfy various security requirements in iris recognition applications. Feature sequence combined with spatial and frequency domain represents the variation details of the iris patterns properly. The results in this study demonstrate the potential of our new approach, and show that it performs more satis- factorily when compared to former algorithms.展开更多
The essence of the whole channel is customer satisfaction, the pursuit of customer experience, this is the ultimate goal. With the side of the mobile phone shopping boom intensified, with high-tech fusion of fashion r...The essence of the whole channel is customer satisfaction, the pursuit of customer experience, this is the ultimate goal. With the side of the mobile phone shopping boom intensified, with high-tech fusion of fashion retailers also join the flay, demonstrating its ability to satisfy the consumers at any time and place, shopping demand, thus officially announced the full channel retail era. La Chapelle is a clothing enterprise sales in Intemet plus the tide of the times, combined with the characteristics of innovation, a new sales model, namely ＂seamless＂ full channel sales model. Through the whole channel： business combination of traditional business model, the whole direct： online and offline synchronization services, new competition： the O2O model provides a three-dimensional three-dimensional services constitute the innovation. This paper mainly introduces La Chapelle＇s full channel mode analysis to get the full channel mode successfully, and implicit in the crisis enterprise development of this mode, at the same time, several companies to address the challenges of decision-making is also introduced, finally is a summary.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a new notion of secure disguisable symmetric encryption schemes, which captures the idea that the attacker can decrypt an encrypted fie to different meaningful values when different keys are ...In this paper, we propose a new notion of secure disguisable symmetric encryption schemes, which captures the idea that the attacker can decrypt an encrypted fie to different meaningful values when different keys are put to the decryption algorithm. This notion is aimed for the following anti-forensics purpose： the attacker can cheat the forensics investigator by decrypting an encrypted file to a meaningful file other than that one he encrypted, in the case that he is caught by the forensics investigator and ordered to hand over the key for decryption. We then present a construction of secure disguisable symmetric encryption schemes.展开更多
A new humidity calibration facility using a 2-T （two-temperature）, constant pressure principle for generating gas of known humidity has been developed at NIS for primary realization of relative humidity scale in the...A new humidity calibration facility using a 2-T （two-temperature）, constant pressure principle for generating gas of known humidity has been developed at NIS for primary realization of relative humidity scale in the range from 13% to 98% for calibrating and testing hygrometers to improve the uncertainty. This paper reports the construction of the 2-T humidity generator describing its saturator and the test chamber system. Results of the efficiency tests of its saturator showed satisfactory generation performance for a primary realization of relative humidity scale. The expanded uncertainty of the relative humidity with a coverage factor k = 2 was found to be from ± 0.25 % to ± 0.67%.展开更多
基金the Coulter Foundation and NIH (NIH/NCI 1R21CA156078) for their funding of this project
文摘Convection-enhanced delivery （CED） is a promising technique leveraging pressure-driven flow to increase penetration of infused drugs into interstitial spaces. We have developed a fiberoptic microneedle device for inducing local sub-lethal hyperthermia to further improve CED drug distribution volumes, and this study seeks to quantitatively characterize this approach in agarose tissue phantoms. Infusions of dye were conducted in 0.6% （w/w） agarose tissue phantoms with isothermal conditions at 15 ℃, 20℃, 25 ℃, and 30 ℃. Infusion metrics were quantified using a custom shadowgraphy setup and image- processing algorithm. These data were used to build an empirical predictive temporal model of distribution volume as a function of phantom temperature. A second set of proof- of-concept experiments was conducted to evaluate a novel fiberoptic device capable of generating local photothermal heating during fluid infusion. The isothermal infusions showed a positive correlation between temperature and distribution volume, with the volume at 30℃ showing a 7-fold increase at 100 min over the 15 ℃ isothermal case. Infusions during photothermal heating （1064 nm at 500 mW） showed a similar effect with a 3.5-fold increase at 4 h over the control （0 mW）. These results and analyses serve to provide insight into and characterization of heat-mediated enhancement of volumetric dispersal.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51004071, 51164015） Special Project for High-end CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment of China （2012ZX04007-021） Liaoning Province College Excellent Talents Fund Project （LJQ2013012）
文摘To study the influence of the Soret and Dufour effects on the reactive characteristics of a porous packed bed with endothermic reactions and forced convection, a two-dimensional mathematical model considering the cross-diffusion effects was developed in accordance with the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and the local thermal non-equilibrium model. The simulation results were validated by comparing with experimental data. The influence of the Soret and Dufour effects on the heat transfer, mass transfer and endothermic chemical reaction in the non-thermal equilibrium packed bed is discussed. It was found that when the Peclet number reaches 1865, the maximum relative error of the concentration of gas product induced by the Soret effect is 34.7% and that of the solid fractional conversion caused by the Dufour effect is 10.8% at reaction time 160 s and initial temperature 1473 K. The differences induced by the Soret and Dufour effects are demonstrated numerically to increase gradually with the initial temperature of feeding gas and the Peclet number.
文摘Cooperative system bridges comprise several basic structures that act jointly to improve structural characteristics. We delved into the historical development of cooperative system bridges. Cooperative systems are classified as different-load cooperative systems and same-load cooperative systems by distinguishing the modes of load distribution. For different-load cooperation,individual basic structures are at different positions in the direction along bridge axis and carry the loads separately. While for same-load cooperation,all basic structures overlap in geometrical locations and support the entire loads conjointly. The choosing of span ratios between basic structures,the design of connections of different-load cooperative systems were discussed as well as optimizations of relative rigidity for same-load cooperative systems which greatly influence structural characteristics. The general situation and several structural measurements of several cooperative bridges were demonstrated. This information can assist engineers in developing their concepts in cooperative systems and can lead to more efficient and economical cooperative bridges.
文摘Venous thromboembolism （VTE） is the commonest cause of preventable death in hospitalized patients. Elderly patients have higher risk of VTE because of the high prevalence of predisposing co-morbidities and acute illnesses. Clinical diagnosis of VTE in the elderly patient is particularly difficult and, as such, adequate VTE prophylaxis is of pivotal importance in reducing the mortality and morbidities of VTE. Omission of VTE prophylaxis is, however, very common despite continuous education. A simple way to overcome this problem is to implement universal VTE prophylaxis for all hospitalized elderly patients instead of selective prophylaxis for some patients only according to individual＇ s risk of VTE. Although pharmacological VTE prophylaxis is effective for most patients, a high prevalence of renal impairment and drug interactions in the hospitalized elderly patients suggests that a multimodality approach may be more appropriate. Mechanical VTE prophylaxis, including calf and thigh compression devices and/or an inferior vena cava filter, are often underutilized in hospitalized elderly patients who are at high-risk of bleeding and VTE. Because pneumatic compression devices and thigh length stockings are virtually risk free, mechanical VTE prophylaxis may allow early or immediate implementation of VTE prophylaxis for all hospitalized elderly patients, regardless of their bleeding and VTE risk. Although the cost-effectiveness of this Multimodality Universal STat （＇MUST＇） VTE prophylaxis approach for hospitalized elderly patients remains uncertain, this strategy appears to offer some advantages over the traditional ＇selective and single-modal＇ VTE prophylaxis approach, which often becomes ＇hit or miss＇ or not implemented promptly in many hospitalized elderly patients. A large clustered randomized controlled trial is, however, needed to assess whether early, multimodality, universal VTE prophylaxis can improve important clinical outcomes of hospitalized elderly patients.
文摘Effective thermal conductivity with convection and radiation is analyzed by the homogenization method. This method can precisely represent the microstructure of a packed bed. In this study, the effects of parameters such as the radiation emissivity, temperature, contact area and particle size of the packed bed on the conductivity have been estimated. For example, heat transfer by radiation does not dominate if the material has voids of less than l mm in size. Moreover, the effects of contact area and pressure on effective thermal conductivity are negligible for thermal radiation. By considering the microscopic behavior of a packed bed, the homogenization method is thus a powerful tool for estimating the bed＇s effective thermal conductivity.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60272031), Educational Department Doctor Foundation of China (No. 20010335049), and Zhejiang Provincial Natural ScienceFoundation (No. ZD0212), China
文摘A new iris feature extraction approach using both spatial and frequency domain is presented. Steerable pyramid is adopted to get the orientation information on iris images. The feature sequence is extracted on each sub-image and used to train Support Vector Machine (SVM) as iris classifiers. SVM has drawn great interest recently as one of the best classifiers in machine learning, although there is a problem in the use of traditional SVM for iris recognition. It cannot treat False Accept and False Reject differently with different security requirements. Therefore, a new kind of SVM called Non-symmetrical SVM is presented to classify the iris features. Experimental data shows that Non-symmetrical SVM can satisfy various security requirements in iris recognition applications. Feature sequence combined with spatial and frequency domain represents the variation details of the iris patterns properly. The results in this study demonstrate the potential of our new approach, and show that it performs more satis- factorily when compared to former algorithms.
文摘The essence of the whole channel is customer satisfaction, the pursuit of customer experience, this is the ultimate goal. With the side of the mobile phone shopping boom intensified, with high-tech fusion of fashion retailers also join the flay, demonstrating its ability to satisfy the consumers at any time and place, shopping demand, thus officially announced the full channel retail era. La Chapelle is a clothing enterprise sales in Intemet plus the tide of the times, combined with the characteristics of innovation, a new sales model, namely ＂seamless＂ full channel sales model. Through the whole channel： business combination of traditional business model, the whole direct： online and offline synchronization services, new competition： the O2O model provides a three-dimensional three-dimensional services constitute the innovation. This paper mainly introduces La Chapelle＇s full channel mode analysis to get the full channel mode successfully, and implicit in the crisis enterprise development of this mode, at the same time, several companies to address the challenges of decision-making is also introduced, finally is a summary.
文摘In this paper, we propose a new notion of secure disguisable symmetric encryption schemes, which captures the idea that the attacker can decrypt an encrypted fie to different meaningful values when different keys are put to the decryption algorithm. This notion is aimed for the following anti-forensics purpose： the attacker can cheat the forensics investigator by decrypting an encrypted file to a meaningful file other than that one he encrypted, in the case that he is caught by the forensics investigator and ordered to hand over the key for decryption. We then present a construction of secure disguisable symmetric encryption schemes.
文摘A new humidity calibration facility using a 2-T （two-temperature）, constant pressure principle for generating gas of known humidity has been developed at NIS for primary realization of relative humidity scale in the range from 13% to 98% for calibrating and testing hygrometers to improve the uncertainty. This paper reports the construction of the 2-T humidity generator describing its saturator and the test chamber system. Results of the efficiency tests of its saturator showed satisfactory generation performance for a primary realization of relative humidity scale. The expanded uncertainty of the relative humidity with a coverage factor k = 2 was found to be from ± 0.25 % to ± 0.67%.
