OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) purinergic signaling in mast cells(MCs) modulated by heat to further understand the molecular mechanisms of moxibustion.METHODS:Skin temperatures induce...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) purinergic signaling in mast cells(MCs) modulated by heat to further understand the molecular mechanisms of moxibustion.METHODS:Skin temperatures induced by monkshood cake moxibustion were evaluated by measuring the Neiguan acupoint(PC 6) from 31 participants with a digital thermocouple thermometer.Temperatures of 43 ℃ and 52 ℃ were applied to cultured human leukemia mast cell line HMC-1 in vitro.Calcium fluorescence was applied to detect intracellular Ca^(2+)([Ca^(2+)]_i).Extracellular ATP contents were measured by luciferin-luciferase assay.RESULTS:Maximum skin temperatures mostly ranged from 40-45 ℃,but some reached up to50 ℃.Both 43 ℃,and 52 ℃ induced MC degranulation,which was accompanied by an increase in[Ca^(2+)]_i and ATP release.Complexing extracellular Ca^(2+) with 5 mM ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid(EGTA) inhibited the noxious heat-induced elevation of[Ca^(2+)]_i and prevented the enhanced ATP secretion by those cells at 52℃ but not 43 ℃.CONCLUSION:Monkshood cake moxibustion can generate heat sufficient to trigger cellular events of MCs,including degranulation,[Ca^(2+)]_i elevation,and ATP release,suggesting that purinergic signals originating from MCs are possibly the initiating response of acupoints to moxibustion.展开更多
The surface of capillary wall can be treated to have a periodic microrelief mathematically. The roughness is micro enough compared with the thickness of the liquid film. So, the surface roughness only exerts influence...The surface of capillary wall can be treated to have a periodic microrelief mathematically. The roughness is micro enough compared with the thickness of the liquid film. So, the surface roughness only exerts influence on the adsorptive potential. Macroscopically, the flow field of the liquid film can be considered as that when the rough surface has an equivalent smooth surface, whose position is at the crests of the microrelief. The mechanism of heat transfer is in connection with two resistances: the thermal resistance of the liquid film conduction and the thermal resistance of the interfacial evaporation. The capillary pressure between the two sides of the vapor-liquid interface due to the interfacial curvature and the disjoining pressure owing to the thin liquid film are considered simultaneously. Several micro tubes with different micro rough surfaces are studied. The length of the evaporating interfacial region decreases with the increase of roughness angle and/or the increase of the roughness height. The heat transfer coefficient and the temperature of the vapor-liquid interface will change to fit the constant mass flow rate.展开更多
The thermal conductivity of methane hydrate is an important physical parameter affecting the processes of methane hydrate exploration,mining,gas hydrate storage and transportation as well as other applications.Equilib...The thermal conductivity of methane hydrate is an important physical parameter affecting the processes of methane hydrate exploration,mining,gas hydrate storage and transportation as well as other applications.Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and the Green-Kubo method have been employed for systems from fully occupied to vacant occupied sI methane hydrate in order to estimate their thermal conductivity.The estimations were carried out at temperatures from 203.15 to 263.15 K and at pressures from 3 to 100 MPa.Potential models selected for water were TIP4P,TIP4P-Ew,TIP4P/2005,TIP4P-FQ and TIP4P/Ice.The effects of varying the ratio of the host and guest molecules and the external thermobaric conditions on the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate were studied.The results indicated that the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate is essentially determined by the cage framework which constitutes the hydrate lattice and the cage framework has only slightly higher thermal conductivity in the presence of the guest molecules.Inclusion of more guest molecules in the cage improves the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate.It is also revealed that the thermal conductivity of the sI hydrate shows a similar variation with temperature.Pressure also has an effect on the thermal conductivity,particularly at higher pressures.As the pressure increases,slightly higher thermal conductivities result.Changes in density have little impact on the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate.展开更多
The emerging two-terminal memristor with a conductance-adjustable function under external stimulation is considered a strong candidate for use in artificial memory and electronic synapses. However, the stability, unif...The emerging two-terminal memristor with a conductance-adjustable function under external stimulation is considered a strong candidate for use in artificial memory and electronic synapses. However, the stability, uniformity, and power consumption of memristors are still challenging in neuromorphic computing. Here an Au/SnSe/graphene/SiO_(2)/Si memristor was fabricated, incorporating two-dimensional graphene with high thermal conductivity. The device not only exhibits excellent electrical characteristics(e.g., high stability,good uniformity and a high ROFF/RON ratio), but also can implement biological synaptic functions such as paired-pulse facilitation, short-term plasticity and long-term plasticity. Its set and reset power values can be as low as 16.7 and 2.3 nW,respectively. Meanwhile, the resistance switching mechanism for the device, which might be associated with the formation and rupture of a filamentary conducting path consisting of Sn vacancies, was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations. The proposed device is an excellent candidate for use in high-density storage and lowpower neuromorphic computing applications.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(P2Y Receptors in Acupoints Involved in the Analgesic Effects of Laser Acupuncture(No.81102635)Efficacy and Neurobiological Mechanisms of Traditional MoxibustionBased Laser Moxibustion with Specific Wavelength on Inflammatory Pain(No.81320108028))+2 种基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973 programs,Basic Research on Trigger Signals in Acupoints and Specific Modulation of Correlated Target Viscera(No.2012CB518502)Biologic Research on Characteristics of Infrared Physics and Mechanisms in Moxibustion,(No.2015CB554505))The Project of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China(Acupuncture,No.ZYSNXD-CC-ZDXK-07)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) purinergic signaling in mast cells(MCs) modulated by heat to further understand the molecular mechanisms of moxibustion.METHODS:Skin temperatures induced by monkshood cake moxibustion were evaluated by measuring the Neiguan acupoint(PC 6) from 31 participants with a digital thermocouple thermometer.Temperatures of 43 ℃ and 52 ℃ were applied to cultured human leukemia mast cell line HMC-1 in vitro.Calcium fluorescence was applied to detect intracellular Ca^(2+)([Ca^(2+)]_i).Extracellular ATP contents were measured by luciferin-luciferase assay.RESULTS:Maximum skin temperatures mostly ranged from 40-45 ℃,but some reached up to50 ℃.Both 43 ℃,and 52 ℃ induced MC degranulation,which was accompanied by an increase in[Ca^(2+)]_i and ATP release.Complexing extracellular Ca^(2+) with 5 mM ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid(EGTA) inhibited the noxious heat-induced elevation of[Ca^(2+)]_i and prevented the enhanced ATP secretion by those cells at 52℃ but not 43 ℃.CONCLUSION:Monkshood cake moxibustion can generate heat sufficient to trigger cellular events of MCs,including degranulation,[Ca^(2+)]_i elevation,and ATP release,suggesting that purinergic signals originating from MCs are possibly the initiating response of acupoints to moxibustion.
基金NationalNW Sdence Foundation of China with the fort No.59995550-4 and the POst-doctoral FOundation. Thesupports are gIatef
文摘The surface of capillary wall can be treated to have a periodic microrelief mathematically. The roughness is micro enough compared with the thickness of the liquid film. So, the surface roughness only exerts influence on the adsorptive potential. Macroscopically, the flow field of the liquid film can be considered as that when the rough surface has an equivalent smooth surface, whose position is at the crests of the microrelief. The mechanism of heat transfer is in connection with two resistances: the thermal resistance of the liquid film conduction and the thermal resistance of the interfacial evaporation. The capillary pressure between the two sides of the vapor-liquid interface due to the interfacial curvature and the disjoining pressure owing to the thin liquid film are considered simultaneously. Several micro tubes with different micro rough surfaces are studied. The length of the evaporating interfacial region decreases with the increase of roughness angle and/or the increase of the roughness height. The heat transfer coefficient and the temperature of the vapor-liquid interface will change to fit the constant mass flow rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51106163)the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB219504)the Joint Funds of NSFC with the Government of Guangdong Province(U0933004)
文摘The thermal conductivity of methane hydrate is an important physical parameter affecting the processes of methane hydrate exploration,mining,gas hydrate storage and transportation as well as other applications.Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and the Green-Kubo method have been employed for systems from fully occupied to vacant occupied sI methane hydrate in order to estimate their thermal conductivity.The estimations were carried out at temperatures from 203.15 to 263.15 K and at pressures from 3 to 100 MPa.Potential models selected for water were TIP4P,TIP4P-Ew,TIP4P/2005,TIP4P-FQ and TIP4P/Ice.The effects of varying the ratio of the host and guest molecules and the external thermobaric conditions on the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate were studied.The results indicated that the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate is essentially determined by the cage framework which constitutes the hydrate lattice and the cage framework has only slightly higher thermal conductivity in the presence of the guest molecules.Inclusion of more guest molecules in the cage improves the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate.It is also revealed that the thermal conductivity of the sI hydrate shows a similar variation with temperature.Pressure also has an effect on the thermal conductivity,particularly at higher pressures.As the pressure increases,slightly higher thermal conductivities result.Changes in density have little impact on the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51972094,61674050 and 61874158)the Outstanding Youth Project of Hebei Province (F2016201220)+3 种基金the Project of Science and Technology Activities for Overseas Researcher (CL201602)the Project of Distinguished Youth of Hebei Province (A2018201231)the Support Program for the Top Young Talents of Hebei Province (70280011807)the Supporting Plan for 100 Excellent Innovative Talents in Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province (SLRC2019018)。
文摘The emerging two-terminal memristor with a conductance-adjustable function under external stimulation is considered a strong candidate for use in artificial memory and electronic synapses. However, the stability, uniformity, and power consumption of memristors are still challenging in neuromorphic computing. Here an Au/SnSe/graphene/SiO_(2)/Si memristor was fabricated, incorporating two-dimensional graphene with high thermal conductivity. The device not only exhibits excellent electrical characteristics(e.g., high stability,good uniformity and a high ROFF/RON ratio), but also can implement biological synaptic functions such as paired-pulse facilitation, short-term plasticity and long-term plasticity. Its set and reset power values can be as low as 16.7 and 2.3 nW,respectively. Meanwhile, the resistance switching mechanism for the device, which might be associated with the formation and rupture of a filamentary conducting path consisting of Sn vacancies, was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations. The proposed device is an excellent candidate for use in high-density storage and lowpower neuromorphic computing applications.
