碳纳米管表面羟基化及其纳米流体的导热性能研究

采用强碱机械球磨技术对碳纳米管进行表面功能化。红外光谱和Zeta电位测试结果表明,处理后的碳纳米管表面已被羟基化;扫描电镜结果表明,处理后的碳纳米管已被截断短化。表面功能化并被截断短化的碳纳米管能够均匀稳定地分散在水中,得到的水基含碳纳米管纳米流体具有良好的传热性能。当碳纳米管体积分数为1.0%时,与水相比它的导热系数提高达17.5%。由于纳米粒子的润滑作用,在碳纳米管体积分数较低(φ<0.004)的情况下,含碳纳米管纳米流体的粘度要比基体流体水的粘度低;当碳纳米管的体积分数高于0.004时,含碳纳米管纳米流体粘度随着碳纳米管含量的增加而升高。

基于Arduino的热线法测量流体导热系数与热扩散率的实验设计

基于瞬态热线法测量流体导热系数与热扩散系数的理论模型,依据交叉热线法原理建立的无限大非稳态热线模型进行了实验设计.考虑到目前工业上相关仪器的高成本及低便携度,基于Arduino平台,通过组装Arduino UNO-R3开发板、温度传感器和加热装置设计了低成本的简化实验装置;并以水为例对流体热扩散率和导热系数进行测量并作出误差分析.

流体导热介质回转配流器的改进和使用

对现代化橡胶、塑料、化工业回转加热设备使用的流体导热介质回转配流器的结构、性能和使用情况作了阐述,为提高设备性能和维修提供了技术指导。

颗粒堆积床接触导热的数值分离和分析

为了分析不同固体-流体导热系数比下接触导热对有效导热系数的影响,提出了基于孔隙尺度的接触导热的数值分离方法,在不同固体-流体导热系数比(6~4400)下对简单立方结构堆积床中的接触导热进行了数值分析。当忽略接触导热时,计算模型中相邻颗粒之间的接触点采用间隙处理;当考虑接触导热时,计算模型中相邻颗粒之间的接触点采用短圆柱连接处理,接触导热通过这两种模型计算结果的差值获得。研究发现,有效导热系数随温度变化的趋势受接触导热的影响显著。考虑接触导热并且固体-流体导热系数比很大时,固相导热起主导作用;忽略接触导热时,流体导热起主导作用。随着固体-流体导热系数比的增大,接触导热对有效导热系数的贡献显著增大;当固体-流体导热系数比大于150时,接触导热对有效导热系数的贡献起主导作用。

油基CuO纳米流体的制备及热稳定性实验研究

选用改进后的"两步法"制备Cu O/导热油纳米流体,并通过实验得到最佳分散剂为油酸、最佳油酸量为1m L/0.3 g Cu O、最佳超声振动时间为1.5 h。对于该纳米流体在中温(80~150℃)下的热稳定性进行试验探究,结果表明温度的升高、加热次数和时间的增加都会加剧纳米流体的团聚。随后提出了四点改进措施,并设计了正交试验验证,得到了各因素的影响程度主次以及提高纳米流体热稳定性的最佳措施。

γ-Fe_2O_3/EG纳米流体热输运性质的研究

选用乙二醇(EG)为基液,运用两步法制得稳定性良好的γ-Fe2O3纳米流体。测量并研究了γ-Fe2O3纳米流体的导热系数和粘度等热输运性质。结果表明,γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子的加入使得纳米流体的导热系数较基液提高了,纳米流体的粘度在低温下较大,并随着温度的升高而减小,纳米流体在强化传热领域有着潜在的应用前景。

TiN-导热油纳米流体辐射特性实验研究

通过实验研究了两步法制备的TiN-导热油纳米流体的辐射特性,测量了纳米流体的导热系数、常规透射率及半球透、反射率,还研究了质量分数以及光程对其透射率、反射率的影响。实验结果表明,质量分数为0.010%的TiN-导热油纳米流体对辐射能的吸收效果最好,吸收率为97%左右,且其导热系数大于基液的导热系数,可以在一定程度上提升太阳能集热器的集热效率。因此,其在太阳能的高效利用方面具有较好的潜力。

Modeling air gun signatures in marine seismic exploration considering multiple physical factors

Based on analyzing the limit of Ziolkowski＇s bubble oscillation formulation,a new model with various physical factors is established to simulate air gun signatures fo marine seismic exploration.The practical effects of physical factors,such as heat transfe across the bubble wall,air gun port throttling,vertical rise of the bubble,fluid viscosity,and the existence of the air gun body were all taken into account in the new model.Compared with Ziolkowski＇s model,the signatures simulated by the new model,with small peak amplitude and rapid decay of bubble oscillation,are more consistent with actual signatures The experiment analysis indicates：（1）gun port throttling controls the peak amplitude of ai gun pulse;（2）since the hydrostatic pressure decreases when the bubble rises,the bubble oscillation period changes;（3）heat transfer and fluid viscosity are the main factors tha explain the bubble oscillation damping.

Effective thermal and electrical conductivity of graphite nanoplatelet composites

The relationship between the thermal/electrical conductivity enhancement in graphite nanoplatelets （GNPs） composites and the properties of filling graphite nanoplatelets is studied. The effective thermal and electrical conductivity enhancements of GNP-oil nanofluids and GNP-polyimide composites are measured. By taking into account the particle shape, the volume fraction, the thermal conductivity of filling particles and the base fluids, the thermal and electrical conductivity enhancements of GNP nanofluids are theoretically predicted by the generalized effective medium theory. Both the nonlinear dependence of effective thermal conductivity on the GNP volume fraction in nanofhiids and the very low percolation threshold for GNP-polyimide composites are well predicted. The theoretical predications are found to be in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data. The generalized effective medium theory can be used for predicting the thermal and electrical properties of GNP composites and it is still available for most of the thermal/electrical modifications in two-phase composites.

固体流体导热系数对多孔介质内传热影响研究

以多孔介质内固体导热系数ks、流体导热系数kf相互影响多孔介质传热为研究对象,对多孔介质内无量纲温度、速度、高温壁面努谢尔数Nu、平均努谢尔数Nu和ks/kf、瑞利数Ra间关系进行研究;采用差分法对数学模型进行离散化处理,应用高斯–赛德尔方法迭代求解,对网格的独立性和计算过程进行了验证,得到了多孔介质传热一些基本数据,分析了无量纲温度、速度随ks/kf、Ra的变化规律.研究结果表明：ks/kf改变多孔介质内温度和速度的变化,ks/kf值大,温度梯度和速度梯度在壁面附近大,温度梯度和速度梯度在无量纲长度0.2-0.8范围内很小;当ks/kf很小时,多孔介质内对流作用较弱,ks/kf〉1以后,Nu随着ks/kf逐渐增大,对流作用增强,它成为热传输的主要动力,ks/kf对多孔介质内对流作用的增强、削弱是非常关键的,为强化传热可提高ks/kf值,为削弱传热可降低ks/kf值;在工农业生产中加热多孔介质类物质热量应集中在下部有利于热量高效利用.

关于等温间断的稳定性

本文考察导热流体中等温间断的稳定性问题,给出了稳定间断的条件:p_1/p_0>r/(2-r),它比等温间断的产生条件(p_1/p_0>(r+1)/(3-r))要强。

Numerical investigation of laminar heat transfer and nanofluid flow between two porous horizontal concentric cylinders

In this study, the laminar heat transfer and nanofluid flow between two porous horizontal concentric cylinders was investigated. The problem is investigated in two different geometries and the Re=10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and volume fraction 0, 0.2%, 0.5%, 2% and 5% that related to copper nanoparticles, and porous medium porosity of 0.5 and 0.9. Compared to the first geometry, the convective coefficient in the second geometry increases by 8.3%, 7% and 5.5% at Reynolds numbers of 100, 75 and 50, respectively. Comparison of the outlet temperatures for two heat fluxes of 300 and 1200 W/m^2 indicates a 2.5% temperature growth by a fourfold increase in the heat fluxes. Also, the higher Nusselt number is associated with the second geometry occurring at porosities of 0.9 and 0.5, respectively. In both geometries, the Nusselt number values at the porosity of 0.9 are higher, which is due to the increased nanofluid convection at higher porosities. The velocity of the nanofluid experiences a two-fold increase at the outlet compared to its inlet velocity in the first geometry and for both porosities. Similarly, a three-fold increase was achieved in the second geometry and for both porosities.

Heat transfer and friction factor of Therminol liquid phase heat transfer fluid in a ribbed tube

Experiments and simulations on flow and heat transfer behavior of Therminol-55 liquid phase heat transfer fluid have been conducted in a ribbed tube with the outer diameter and inner diameter 25.0 and 20.0 mm,pitch and rib height of 4.5 and 1.0 mm.respectively.Experimental results show that the heat transfer and thermal performance of Therminol-55 liquid phase heat transfer fluid in the ribbed tube are considerably improved compared to those of the smooth tube.The Nusselt number increase with the increase of Reynolds number.The increase in heat transfer rate of the ribbed tube has a mean value of 2.24 times.Also,the pressure drop results reveal that the average friction factor of the ribbed tube is in a range of 2.4 and 2.8 times over the smooth tube.Numerical simulations of three-dimensional flow behavior of Therminol-55 liquid phase heat transfer fluid are carried out using three different turbulence models in the ribbed tube.The numerical results show that the heat transfer of ribbed tube is improved because vortices are generated behind ribs,which produce some disruptions to fluid flow and enhance heat transfer compared with smooth tube.The numerical results prove that the ribbed tube can improve heat transfer and fluid flow performances of Therminol liquid phase heat transfer fluid.

Significance of induced magnetic field and variable thermal conductivity on stagnation point flow of second grade fluid

In this study,the stagnation point transport of second grade fluid with linear stretching under the effects of variable thermal conductivity is considered.Induced magnetic field impact is also incorporated.The nonlinear set of particle differential equations is converted into set of ordinary differential equations through appropriate transformation.The resulting equations are then resolved by optimal homotopy analysis method.The effect of pertinent parameters of interest on skin friction coefficient,temperature,induced magnetic field,velocity and local Nusselt number is inspected by generating appropriate plots.For numerical results,the built-in bvp4 c technique in computational software MATLAB is used for the convergence and residual errors of obtained series solution.It is perceived that the induced magnetic field is intensified by increasing β.It can also be observed that skin friction coefficient enhances with increasing value of magnetic parameter depending on the stretching ratio a/c.For the validness of the obtained results,a comparison has been made and an excellent agreement of current study with existing literature is found.

Numerical simulation on thermal accumulation of cemented tailings backfill

Based on the collaborative exploitation of deep mineral resources and geothermal resources, the thermal accumulation process of cemented tailings backfill(CTB) was studied by numerical simulation. The effects of thermal accumulation time, slurry proportions and temperature conditions on the thermal accumulation of backfill are analyzed, the influence of the heat conduction between backfill and surrounding rock, the heat convection between backfill and airflow on thermal accumulation were compared simultaneously. The results show that the total thermal accumulation capacity increases by approximately 85% within 10-90 d. The influence of surrounding rock temperature and initial temperature on total thermal accumulation capacity is more significant and it is approximately 2 times of the influence of slurry proportions under the conditions of this study. It is clear that the rise of surrounding rock temperature and the decrease of initial temperature can improve the thermal accumulation capacity more effectively. Moreover, the heat conduction accounts for a considerable proportion in the process of thermal accumulation, the average heat conduction capacity is approximately 25 times of the heat convection capacity. This study can provide the theoretical basis and application reference for the optimization of thermal accumulation process of CTB in the exploitation of geothermal resources.

Measurement of thermal conductivity,viscosity and density of ionic liquid [EMIM][DEP]-based nanofluids

This article studied experimentally the effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） on the thermo physical properties of ionic liquid-based nanofluids. The nanofluids were composed of ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium diethylphosphate [EMIM][DEP], or its aqueous solution[EMIM][DEP]（1） ＋ H20（2） and MWCNTs without any surfactants. The thermal conductivity, viscosity and density of the nanofluids were mea- sured experimentally. The effects of the mass fraction of MWCNTs, temperature and the mole fraction of water on the thermo physical properties of nanofluids were studied. Results show that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids increases within the range of 1.3%-9.7% compared to their base liquids, and have a well linear depen- dence on temperature. The viscosity and density of the nanofluids exhibit a remarkable increase compared with those of the base liquids. Finally, the correlation of the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluids was made using the models in the literatures.

Thermal conductivity modeling of water containing metal oxide nanoparticles

The nano particles have demonstrated great potential to improve the heat transfer characteristics of heat transfer fluids.Possible parameters responsible for this increase were studied. The heat transfer profile in the nanolayer region was combined with other parameters such as volume fraction, particle radius thermal conductivity of the fluid, particle and nanolayer, to formulate a thermal conductivity model. Results predicting the thermal conductivity of nanofluids using the model were compared with experimental results as well as studies by other researchers. The comparison of the results obtained for the Cu O/water and Ti O2/water nanofluids studied shows that the correlation proposed is in closest proximity in predicting the experimental results for the thermal conductivity of a nanofluid. Also, a parametric study was performed to understand how a number of factors affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids using the developed correlation.

Performance enhancement of filled-type solar collector with U-tube

In order to increase the efficiency of solar collector, a methodology is proposed based on the analysis of its influencing factors, such as thermal conductivity of filled layer, structure forms of filled layer and heat loss coefficient. The results of analysis show that the heat transfer between pipes in evacuated tube is one of the most important factors, which can lead to the decrease of the outlet temperature of working fluid. In order to eliminate the negative influence of the heat transfer between pipes, the hollow filled-type evacuated tube with U-tube(HUFET) was developed, and the heat transfer characteristics of HUFET were analyzed by theoretical and experimental studies. The results show that the thermal resistances decrease with the increase of the thermal conductivity of filled layer. When the thermal conductivity is over 10 W/(m·K), the change of thermal resistances is very little.Furthermore, the larger the thermal conductivity of filled layer, the less the rate of the energy transfer between the two pipes to the total energy transfer, which is between the absorber tube and the working fluid. There is a little difference between the efficiencies of HUFET and UFET, with the efficiency of HUFET 2.4% higher than that of UFET. Meanwhile, the validation of the model developed was confirmed by the experiment.

A STUDY ON HEAT PIPE RADIATOR USED FOR THE COOLING OF THE HIGH-POWER THYRISTOR IN EXPLOSION-PROOF SHELL

The cooling of the high-power thyristor (HPT) in explosion-proof sbcll (EPS) used inmining pit has been a difficult problem for a long time. It has some spectal demands. According toheat pipe’s working principle, this paper introduced a kind of newly devcloped beat pipe radiatorSeveral HPT in EPS can be cooled by one beat pipe. In order to obtain the cooling and forced convection cooling , two dimensionless equations were obtained. This paper also studicd the refation between the surface temperature of HPT and the working electric current. The corresponding curvewas given out. Experiments shown that the beat pipe radistor introdued in this paper could effectively cool the HPT in EPS. It becomes a practical and valuable new technique.

Influence factors on thermal conductivity of ammonia-water nanofluids

In order to investigate the mechanism of nanoparticles enhancing the heat and mass transfer of the ammonia-water absorption process,several types of binary nanofluids were prepared by mixing Al2O3 nanoparticles with polyacrylic acid(PAA),TiO2 with polyethylene glycol(PEG 1000),and TiN,SiC,hydroxyapatite(noodle-like) with PEG 10000 to ammonia-water solution,respectively.The thermal conductivities were measured by using a KD2 Pro thermal properties analyzer.The influences of surfactant and ammonia on the dispersion stabilities of the binary nanofluids were investigated by the light absorbency ratio index methods.The results show that the type,content and size of nanoparticles,the temperature as well as the dispersion stability are the key parameters that affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.For the given nanoparticle material and the base fluid,the thermal conductivity ratio of the nanofluid to the ammonia-water liquid increases as the nanoparticle content and the temperature are increased,and the diameter of nanoparticle is decreased.Furthermore,the thermal conductivity ratio increases significantly by improving the stabilities of nanofluids,which is achieved by adding surfactants or performing the proper ammonia content in the fluid.