To make heat conduction equation embody the essence of physical phenomenon under study, dimensionless factors were introduced and the transient heat conduction equation and its boundary conditions were transformed to ...To make heat conduction equation embody the essence of physical phenomenon under study, dimensionless factors were introduced and the transient heat conduction equation and its boundary conditions were transformed to dimensionless forms. Then, a theoretical solution model of transient heat conduction problem in one-dimensional double-layer composite medium was built utilizing the natural eigenfunction expansion method. In order to verify the validity of the model, the results of the above theoretical solution were compared with those of finite element method. The results by the two methods are in a good agreement. The maximum errors by the two methods appear when τ（τ is nondimensional time） equals 0.1 near the boundaries of ζ =1 （ζ is nondimensional space coordinate） and ζ =4. As τ increases, the error decreases gradually, and when τ =5 the results of both solutions have almost no change with the variation of coordinate 4.展开更多
Rice is moderately sensitive to salinity,and the response to salt stress is a complex process,including the perception and transduction of salt stress signal,the activation of specific transcriptional factors and the ...Rice is moderately sensitive to salinity,and the response to salt stress is a complex process,including the perception and transduction of salt stress signal,the activation of specific transcriptional factors and the expression of downstream stress-responsive genes.The functions of Na+ transporters which are involved in the maintenance and reconstruction of the ion homeostasis,transcriptional regulators and osmotic regulation genes were reviewed.Salt tolerance of plants are enhanced by Na+ vacuolar compartmentation or efflux or high levels of osmoprotectants accumulation in cytoplasm.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To assess the local immune response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT). METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent...OBJECTIVE: To assess the local immune response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT). METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent PMCT. Both cancerous and adjacent liver tissue were taken before, and 3, 17 and 30 days after PMCT using ultrasound-guided liver biopsy. Specimens were stained by immunohistochemical techniques for detecting CD3, CD45RO, CD56, CD68, and CD20 positive cells. RESULTS: A few CD3, CD45RO, CD56, CD68 and CD20 positive cells were observed in the cancer stroma and surrounding sinusoids in liver tissue pre-PMCT. The number of immunocytes, except for CD20 positive cells, was significantly increased both within the cancer and the adjacent liver tissue, with a larger increase in tumor tissue at day 3 post-PMCT compared with pre-PMCT. These immunocytes were enlarged in size. The number of CD3, CD45RO and CD56 positive cells peaked at day 17 and CD68 positive cells peaked at days 3 post-PMCT. At day 30 post-PMCT, this increase still existed. These infiltrating immunocytes distributed in the parenchyma of the tumor, and within the lumen of small blood vessels after PMCT. In addition, more infiltrated immune cells were seen in cancer cell spaces. CONCLUSIONS: A change in immunocyte infiltration takes place in number, configuration and location after patients with HCC are treated with percutaneous microwave coagulation, suggesting that local immune function is enhanced post-PMCT.展开更多
C-type lectin receptors(CLRs)are powerful pattern-recognition receptors that discern‘self’and‘non-self’in our body and protect us from invasive pathogens by mediating immune recognition and response.The gastrointe...C-type lectin receptors(CLRs)are powerful pattern-recognition receptors that discern‘self’and‘non-self’in our body and protect us from invasive pathogens by mediating immune recognition and response.The gastrointestinal tract is very important for the maintenance of homeostasis;it is the largest shelter for the billions of microorganisms in the body and CLRs play a crucial regulatory role in this system.This study focuses on several CLRs,including Dectin-1,Dectin-2,Dectin-3 and Mincle.We summarize the roles of CLRs in maintaining gastrointestinal immune-system homeostasis,especially their functions in mediating immune recognition and responses in the gut,discuss their relationships to some diseases,highlight the significance of CLR-mediated sensing of microbial and non-microbial compounds in the gut immune system and identify new therapeutic targets.展开更多
基金Projects(50576007,50876016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(20062180) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China
文摘To make heat conduction equation embody the essence of physical phenomenon under study, dimensionless factors were introduced and the transient heat conduction equation and its boundary conditions were transformed to dimensionless forms. Then, a theoretical solution model of transient heat conduction problem in one-dimensional double-layer composite medium was built utilizing the natural eigenfunction expansion method. In order to verify the validity of the model, the results of the above theoretical solution were compared with those of finite element method. The results by the two methods are in a good agreement. The maximum errors by the two methods appear when τ（τ is nondimensional time） equals 0.1 near the boundaries of ζ =1 （ζ is nondimensional space coordinate） and ζ =4. As τ increases, the error decreases gradually, and when τ =5 the results of both solutions have almost no change with the variation of coordinate 4.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2006AAl0ZlE8)Special Fund for Developing Super Rice from Ministry of Agriculture(200906)Project of Basic Research for National Non-profit Institute of China(2009RG005)
文摘Rice is moderately sensitive to salinity,and the response to salt stress is a complex process,including the perception and transduction of salt stress signal,the activation of specific transcriptional factors and the expression of downstream stress-responsive genes.The functions of Na+ transporters which are involved in the maintenance and reconstruction of the ion homeostasis,transcriptional regulators and osmotic regulation genes were reviewed.Salt tolerance of plants are enhanced by Na+ vacuolar compartmentation or efflux or high levels of osmoprotectants accumulation in cytoplasm.
基金ThisstudywassupportedbytheNationalScientificandTechnologyCommissionofChina (No 3 9770 83 8)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the local immune response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT). METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent PMCT. Both cancerous and adjacent liver tissue were taken before, and 3, 17 and 30 days after PMCT using ultrasound-guided liver biopsy. Specimens were stained by immunohistochemical techniques for detecting CD3, CD45RO, CD56, CD68, and CD20 positive cells. RESULTS: A few CD3, CD45RO, CD56, CD68 and CD20 positive cells were observed in the cancer stroma and surrounding sinusoids in liver tissue pre-PMCT. The number of immunocytes, except for CD20 positive cells, was significantly increased both within the cancer and the adjacent liver tissue, with a larger increase in tumor tissue at day 3 post-PMCT compared with pre-PMCT. These immunocytes were enlarged in size. The number of CD3, CD45RO and CD56 positive cells peaked at day 17 and CD68 positive cells peaked at days 3 post-PMCT. At day 30 post-PMCT, this increase still existed. These infiltrating immunocytes distributed in the parenchyma of the tumor, and within the lumen of small blood vessels after PMCT. In addition, more infiltrated immune cells were seen in cancer cell spaces. CONCLUSIONS: A change in immunocyte infiltration takes place in number, configuration and location after patients with HCC are treated with percutaneous microwave coagulation, suggesting that local immune function is enhanced post-PMCT.
基金This work is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81572354 and 81772542 to T.W.)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province in China(BK20161400 to T.W.).
文摘C-type lectin receptors(CLRs)are powerful pattern-recognition receptors that discern‘self’and‘non-self’in our body and protect us from invasive pathogens by mediating immune recognition and response.The gastrointestinal tract is very important for the maintenance of homeostasis;it is the largest shelter for the billions of microorganisms in the body and CLRs play a crucial regulatory role in this system.This study focuses on several CLRs,including Dectin-1,Dectin-2,Dectin-3 and Mincle.We summarize the roles of CLRs in maintaining gastrointestinal immune-system homeostasis,especially their functions in mediating immune recognition and responses in the gut,discuss their relationships to some diseases,highlight the significance of CLR-mediated sensing of microbial and non-microbial compounds in the gut immune system and identify new therapeutic targets.
