再論西北漢簡中的“符”

漢代西北屯戍機構中“符”應用廣泛,有出入符、驚候符、迹符、吏遣符、取茭符、直符、伍符等,但并無“詣官符”,符作爲官方機構間的取信憑證,具有分置兩處、用以相合的特點。關於西北漢簡中“封符”的含義,今天還難以確解,“封印”符傳的觀點雖有合理性,但“封存”符的可能性也不能完全排除。

Performance analysis of partial relay selection over Nakagami-m fading channel in cooperative networks

In this paper, exact outage probability and symbol error rate （SER） expressions are derived in closed-form for dual-hop amplify-and-forward cooperative network over independent non-identically Nakagami-m fading channels. In the analysis, partial relay selection is employed. This selection scheme proposed recently is found applicable in different wireless systems such as ad hoc and sensor networks. The results are verified through comparison with Monte Carlo simulations.

A Remark on General Solution for Motion of Relativistic Strings in Minkowski Space ■^(1+n)

This note concerns the motion of relativistic strings in the Minkowski space R^(1+n).We rederive the generalsolution formula in closed form for the equation for the motion of relativistic string.Our method is different completelyfrom others.

漢代的出入關符與肩水金關

漢代出入肩水金關的關符可分爲序號符、家屬符。兩者皆中分,一半放在使用機構,一半放置在肩水金關,并不區别左右。序號符的一半平時存放在候官,使用者需前往候官申领,用晕蹄還,供其他人繼绩使用。家屬符的一半,可能交给使用者本人,出行時攜帶。通阔時,合符出入,通關者所持的原件并不留置金關,而是帶走,下次繼續使用。兩者時效均截止到當年年底。金關漢簡所見,序號符行用於昭帝時期,家屬符行用於宣帝至哀帝時期,很可能兩者存在存廢繼承關係。金關簡僅見肩水、橐他、廣地等三個候官塞的家屬符,未見肩水縣和北部居延都尉辖區的家屬符,這類符通用範圍有限。