Monitoring Tool Wear States in Turning Based on Wavelet Analysis

To monitor the tool wear states in turning, a new way based on the wavelet transformation to get the signal characters, which can reflect the tool wear states, was proposed. Using discrete dyadic wavelet transform, the acoustic emission(AE) signal of cutting process was decomposed; the root mean square(RMS) values of the decomposed signals at different scales were taken as the feature vector; the technique of fuzzy pattern identification was used to real time monitor the tool wear states. Based on choosing the suitable standard samples, this method can correctly identify the tool wear states. Experiments showed that the technique based on wavelet analysis is suitable for real time implementation in manufacturing application.

APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION SENSOR IN DETECTING TOOL BREAKAGE IN MICRO-MILLING

Acoustic emission （AE） sensors are used to monitor tool conditions in micro-milling operations. Together with the microphone, the AE sensor can detect the tool breakage more accurately and more effectively by applying the wavelet analysis. The processed tool breakage technique by AE sensor is used to perform the wavelet analysis on the experimental data. Results indicate the feasibility of using the AE signals for monitoring the tool condition in micro-milling.

On-Line Monitoring of Cutting Tool Fracture & Wear

A technique of detecting cutting tool fracture and ultimate wear by si- multaneously monitoring both the spindle motor current and cutting process related acoustic emission(AE)in the cutting process is reported.The technique can detect breakage of drills having diameter over 0.8mm,turning cutter crack of area over 0.2mm,and the ultimate wear.The principle,system construction,experimental method and result of the technique are discussed.The ratio of success in detection approaches 96% or higher.

An Ultrasonic Backscatter Instrument for Cancellous Bone Evaluation in Neonates

Ultrasonic backscatter technique has shown promise as a noninvasive cancellous bone assessment tool. A novel ultrasonic backscatter bone diagnostic （UBBD） instrument and an in vivo application for neonatal bone evaluation are introduced in this study. The UBBD provides several advantages, including noninvasiveness, non- ionizing radiation, portability, and simplicity. In this study, the backscatter signal could be measured within 5 s using the UBBD. Ultrasonic backscatter measurements were performed on 467 neonates （268 males and 199 females） at the left calcaneus. The backscatter signal was measured at a central frequency of 3.5 MHz. The delay （-/-1） and duration （7-2） of the backscatter signal of interest （SOl） were varied, and the apparent integrated backscatter （AIB）, frequency slope of apparent backscatter （FSAB）, zero frequency intercept of apparent backscatter （FIAB）, and spectral centroid shift （SCS） were calculated. The results showed that the SOl selection had a direct influence on cancellous bone evaluation. The AIB and FIAB were positively correlated with the gestational age （｜R｜ up to 0.45, P 〈 0.001） when -/-1 was short （〈 8 μS）, while negative correlations （｜R｜ up to 0.56, P 〈 0.001） were commonly observed for T1 〉 10 IJS. Moderate positive correlations （IRI up to 0.45, P 〈 0.001） were observed for FSAB and SCS with gestational age when 71 was long （〉 10 μs）. The 7-2 mainly introduced fluctuations in the observed correlation coefficients. The moderate correlations observed with UBBD demonstrate the feasibility of using the backscatter signal to evaluate neonatal bone status. This study also proposes an explicit standard for in vivo SOl selection and neonatal cancellous bone assessment.

Manufacture of μ-PIM gear mold by electroforming of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni W alloys

The micro gear mold for powder injection molding was made by electroforming process of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-W alloys using UV-lithography process. Kinetics and activation energies in electroplating of both alloys were investigated to determine the best process conditions. Fe content within electrodeposited Fe-Ni alloys increased with the increase of rotating disk speed and the decrease of temperature and it is considered from the calculated activation energy of iron content that the rate determining step is controlled by mass transfer. Iron content in Fe-Ni electrodeposit varied from 58.33% to 70.45% by increasing current density from 2 to 6 A/drn2. Also, iron content in Fe-Ni-W electrodeposit increased from 59.32% to 70.15%, nickel content decreased from 27.86% to 17.07% and the content of tungsten was almost consistent in the range of 12.78%-12.82% although the current density increases from 1.5 to 5 A/dm^2. For the electroforming of micro gear mold, SU-8 mandrel with 550 μm in diameter and 400 μm in height was prepared by UV-lithography processing. Subsequently, Fe-36Ni and Fe-20Ni-13W alloys micro gear molds were electroformed successfully. Surface hardness values of the electroformed micro molds were measured to be HV490 and HV645, respectively.

RF characteristics of wireless capsule endoscopy in human body

The wireless capsule endoscope,as a small electronic device,has conquered some limitations of traditional wired diagnosing tools,such as the uncomfortableness of the cables for the patient and the inability to examine the very convoluted small intestine section.However,this technique is still encountering a lot of practical challenges and is looking for feasible improvements.This work investigates the RF performance of the wireless capsule endoscope system by studying the electromagnetic(EM) wave propagation within the human body.A wireless capsule endoscopy transmission channel model is constructed to serve the purpose of investigating signal attenuations according to the relative position between the transmitter and the receiver.Within 300-500 MHz,the S_(21) results are regular and do not display any sudden changes,which allows a suitable expression to be derived for S_(21) in terms of frequency and offset.The results provide useful information for capsule localization.

^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of small pancreatic cancer

AIM:To investigate the role of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG-PET) in the diagnosis of small pancreatic cancer. METHODS:This study involved 31 patients with proven invasive ductal cancer of the pancreas.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the maximum diameter of the tumor:TS1(maximum tumor size≤2.0 cm) ,TS2(>2.0 cm and≤4.0 cm) or TS3-4(>4.0 cm) .The relationships between the TS and various diagnostic tools,including FDG-PET with dual time point evaluation,were analyzed. RESULTS:The tumors ranged from 1.3 to 11.0 cm in diameter.Thirty of the 31 patients(97%) had a positive FDG-PET study.There were 5 patients classified as TS1,15 as TS2 and 11 as TS3-4.The sensitivity of FDG-PET,computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonanceimaging(MRI) were 100%,40%,0%in TS1,93%,93%,89%in TS2 and 100%,100%,100%in TS3-4. The sensitivity of FDG-PET was significantly higher in comparison to CT and MRI in patients with TS1(P< 0.032) .The mean standardized uptake values(SUVs) did not show a significant difference in relation to the TS(TS1:5.8±4.5,TS2:5.7±2.2,TS3-4:8.2±3.9) ,respectively.All the TS1 tumors(from 13 to 20 mm) showed higher SUVs in FDG-PET with dual time point evaluation in the delayed phase compared with the early phase,which suggested the lesions were malignant. CONCLUSION:These results indicate that FDG-PET with dual time point evaluation is a useful modality for the detection of small pancreatic cancers with a diameter of less than 20 mm.

Neuroendocrine liver metastases: Contributions of endoscopy and surgery to primary tumor search

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are diagnosed with increasing frequency and patients often present with liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. Apart from treatment of the metastases, resection of the primary tumor at an early phase is recommended to prevent complications, although it may be difficult to locate, especially in patients with functionally inactive NETs. Small and multifocal tumors in the jejunum and ileum represent a particular challenge. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma is extremely rare and is diagnosed only after exclusion of other primary tumors. Therefore, some uncertainty may remain, as small non-hepatic primary tumors may escape detection. Diagnostic work-up in these patients includes biochemical assays and imaging modalities (also comprising specific techniques of scintigraphy and positron emission tomography). This editorial highlights the contributions of endoscopy and operative exploration to the search for the primary tumor. Besides esophagogastro-duodenoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, colonoscopy and bronchoscopy, special endoscopic techniques such as balloon enteroscopy or capsule endoscopy are used with growing experience. Compared with balloon enteroscopy, capsule endoscopy is noninvasive and better tolerated, but it cannot localize a lesion precisely and does not allow biopsy or removal of lesions. Before proceeding to surgery, a discussion of the findings by a tumor board should be a standard procedure. Improvements in diagnostic tools have created new perspectives for the detection of obscure primary tumors in patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases, and these searches are best coordinated by a multidisciplinary team.

WUlmap： A Software Tool for Mapping Wildland-Urban Interfaces in Mediterranean European Context

WUIma -which stands for Wildland-Urban Interface MAPping-is a software tool based on a GIS model （developped with Arcgis functions） designed to map wildland-urban interfaces at a large scale over a large area. The main outputs of WUImap are： （1） the map of twelve types of wildland-urban interfaces existing on the territory; （2） the map of four housing configuration （isolated, scattered, dense and very dense clustered housing） related to wildland-urban interfaces （WUI）. These maps are produced according to the method of WUI characterization combining housing configuration and horizontal structure of vegetation. Required inputs to map WUI are the layer of the residential house, the layer defining the fire sensitive area and the layer of the index of aggregation calculated on vegetation. The method of WUI characterization and mapping incorporated into WUImap has been evaluated and applied on real cases with good results. WUlmap has applicability as a decision support aid in a wide variety of land management ranging from fire management and fire prevention to analysis of WUI spread and land cover dynamic. The core method underlying the WUlrnap is summarized in the present paper.

Irradiation Analysis for Maputo

In the present paper was investigated the influence of the surface geometry on the amount of solar radiation arriving on that surface. The total, beam and diffuse radiation incident onto a surface was simulated using WINSUN software, which is a simulation tool developed at Lund Technical University, Sweden. The irradiation analysis are made for Maputo, latitude 25°58＇ South, longitude 32°36＇ East, Mozambique. The climate date was derived from Meteonorm files. Such study has practical value since the output of solar systems is depending upon the amount of solar radiation reaching to the surface of the collector.

Maiden Flight of Long March 7--The New Generation Medium Launch Vehicle in China

On June 25, 2016, the Long March 7(LM-7) launch vehicle completed its maiden flight successfully. LM-7, as a new generation of medium and basic launch vehicle based on the design concepts of non-toxic and nonpolluting, was developed for the purpose of launching a cargo spacecraft to the Chinese space station. Based on the experience on launching cargo spacecraft and satellites, LM-7 can be adapted for mainstream satellite launch missions in the future with its characteristics of serialization and continuous optimization. LM-7 is expected to be used to launch manned spacecraft in the future. This paper presents a general review of LM-7 with regard to the general scheme and provides references for the development prospects of a medium launch vehicle series in China.

Automatic recognition and quantitative analysis of Ω phases in Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy

The main methods of the second phase quantitative analysis in current material science researches are manual recognition and extracting by using software such as Image Tool and Nano Measurer. The weaknesses such as high labor intensity and low accuracy statistic results exist in these methods. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the current methods, the Ω phase in A1-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is taken as the research object and an algorithm based on the digital image processing and pattern recognition is proposed and implemented to do the A1 alloy TEM （transmission electron microscope） digital images process and recognize and extract the information of the second phase in the result image automatically. The top-hat transformation of the mathematical morphology, as well as several imaging processing technologies has been used in the proposed algorithm. Thereinto, top-hat transformation is used for elimination of asymmetric illumination and doing Multi-layer filtering to segment Ω phase in the TEM image. The testing results are satisfied, which indicate that the Ω phase with unclear boundary or small size can be recognized by using this method. The omission of these two kinds of Ω phase can be avoided or significantly reduced. More Ω phases would be recognized （growing rate minimum to 2% and maximum to 400% in samples）, accuracy of recognition and statistics results would be greatly improved by using this method. And the manual error can be eliminated. The procedure recognizing and making quantitative analysis of information in this method is automatically completed by the software. It can process one image, including recognition and quantitative analysis in 30 min, but the manual method such as using Image Tool or Nano Measurer need 2 h or more. The labor intensity is effectively reduced and the working efficiency is greatly improved.

射韝

韝为围臂之物,其中有一类为射韝,又称拾、遂、捍,与韘(扳指)同为射具用品。楚文化遗存中出土有不少周韘,同时伴出有射韝。本文拟从传世文献、出土文献及考古出土器物两方面对韝、拾、遂、捍等名称及器物进行考察与论证。

Polycrystalline diamond MESFETs by Au-mask technology for RF applications

Metal-semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) were fabricated on H-terminated polycrystalline diamond.The DC characteristics of the p-channel MESFET showed a maximum drain current density of 204 mA/mm at a gate-source voltage of 6 V,and a maximum transconductance of 20 mS/mm at a gate-source voltage of 1.5 V.The small signal S-parameters of MESFET with 2 100 m gate width and 2 m gate length were measured.An extrinsic cut-off frequency (fT) of 1.7 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of 2.5 GHz were obtained,which was the first report on diamond MESFETs with RF characteristics in China.

Effect of Ningmitai capsule plus sertraline on patients with premature ejaculation and enlarged seminal vesicles:A randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Ningmitai capsule combined with sertraline on patients with premature ejaculation(PE) and an increased anterior-posterior diameter(APD) of the seminal vesicles(SVs).METHODS: Sixty men with acquired PE were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. The combined group was treated with Ningmitai capsule and sertraline, while the control group was treated with sertraline alone. Main outcomes were measured using the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool(PEDT), APD of SVs, and Clinical Global Impression of Change questionnaire and compared before and after 3 months of treatment.RESULTS: Comparing after treatment with before treatment outcomes within each group, the PEDT score was significantly reduced in the combined group(12.1 ± 2.5 vs 8.6 ± 3.2, P < 0.001, respectively) and control group(12.9 ± 2.6 vs 10.3 ± 1.6, P <0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the PEDT score after treatment was significantly lower in the combined compared with control group(8.6 ± 3.2 vs10.3 ± 1.6, P = 0.011, respectively). The APD of SVs in the combined group was significantly decreased after treatment [(10.8 ± 2.4) vs(12.9 ± 2.2) mm, P =0.001], while the APD of SVs in the control group was equivalent before and after treatment. The treatment response rate was not significantly higher in the combined compared with control group.CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the effect of Ningmitai capsule combined with sertraline was better than that of sertraline alone for the treatment of PE patients exhibiting an increased APD of SVs. The therapeutic effect found for the combined treatment may be due to antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity reported for Ningmitai capsule,and may suggest that seminal vesiculitis is a potential pathophysiological factor in acquired PE.

Nanoparticulate X-ray CT contrast agents

X-ray computed tomography(CT) has been widely used as a powerful diagnostic tool in clinics because it can provide high-resolution 3D tomography of the anatomic structure based on the distinctive X-ray absorptions between different tissues. Currently, CT contrast agents are mainly small iodinated molecules, which suffer from drawbacks such as short blood- retention time, nonspecific in vivo biodistribution, and renal toxicity. Utilization of nanoparticles as potential CT contrast agents to overcome the aforementioned issues has advanced rapidly. In this mini review, we introduce current research efforts in the development of nanoparticulate CT contrast agents and discuss the challenges for additional breakthroughs in this field.