A key step is to extract valid information region in the fusion of multi-voltage X-ray image sequence for complicated components. To improve the self-adaption of extraction, a method is presented in this paper. In thi...A key step is to extract valid information region in the fusion of multi-voltage X-ray image sequence for complicated components. To improve the self-adaption of extraction, a method is presented in this paper. In this paper, the valid informa-tion region is selected by the grey level interval, which is computed by the optimization of image quality evaluation model. The model is based on the histogram equalization and the grey level interval. Then, every valid region of images at different voltages is extracted and they are fused according their grey level transformation function. The fusion image contains completed struc-ture information of the component. The fusion experiment of a cylinder head shows the effectiveness of the presented method.展开更多
The main methods of the second phase quantitative analysis in current material science researches are manual recognition and extracting by using software such as Image Tool and Nano Measurer. The weaknesses such as hi...The main methods of the second phase quantitative analysis in current material science researches are manual recognition and extracting by using software such as Image Tool and Nano Measurer. The weaknesses such as high labor intensity and low accuracy statistic results exist in these methods. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the current methods, the Ω phase in A1-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is taken as the research object and an algorithm based on the digital image processing and pattern recognition is proposed and implemented to do the A1 alloy TEM （transmission electron microscope） digital images process and recognize and extract the information of the second phase in the result image automatically. The top-hat transformation of the mathematical morphology, as well as several imaging processing technologies has been used in the proposed algorithm. Thereinto, top-hat transformation is used for elimination of asymmetric illumination and doing Multi-layer filtering to segment Ω phase in the TEM image. The testing results are satisfied, which indicate that the Ω phase with unclear boundary or small size can be recognized by using this method. The omission of these two kinds of Ω phase can be avoided or significantly reduced. More Ω phases would be recognized （growing rate minimum to 2% and maximum to 400% in samples）, accuracy of recognition and statistics results would be greatly improved by using this method. And the manual error can be eliminated. The procedure recognizing and making quantitative analysis of information in this method is automatically completed by the software. It can process one image, including recognition and quantitative analysis in 30 min, but the manual method such as using Image Tool or Nano Measurer need 2 h or more. The labor intensity is effectively reduced and the working efficiency is greatly improved.展开更多
This review work explains some of the most important techniques to detect the occurrence of magma mixing phenomena in the volcanic rocks by using SEM （scanning electron microscope）. In particular, the most useful me...This review work explains some of the most important techniques to detect the occurrence of magma mixing phenomena in the volcanic rocks by using SEM （scanning electron microscope）. In particular, the most useful methods related to the different types of mixing are reviewed： complete mixing （blending） or incomplete mixing （mingling）. For blending, backscattered electron images and EDS （energy dispersive spectroscopy） are the most accurate methods： an example taken from a sample of ash of the 2007 Stromboli volcano eruption was used. For mingling, the best method is given by X-ray elemental mapping （in particular of Ca and Si）, as explained through the example taken from a sample of the 2003 explosive eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano. The aim of this work was to establish whereas would be useful to use backscattered eletron images, EDS, or X-ray elemental mapping techniques, according to the different types of mixing that occur very often in magmatic systems.展开更多
Soils contain various kinds of crystalline to amorphous solid particles with at least one dimension in the nanoscale （〈 100 nm）. These nanoparticles contribute greatly to dynamic soil processes such as soil genesis...Soils contain various kinds of crystalline to amorphous solid particles with at least one dimension in the nanoscale （〈 100 nm）. These nanoparticles contribute greatly to dynamic soil processes such as soil genesis, trace element cycling, contaminant transport, and chemical reaction. The nano-sized fraction of an Anthrosol was obtained to determine the occurrence, chemical composition, structure, and mineral phases of nanoparticles using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Selected area electron diffraction or the fast Fourier transform of high-resolution images was used in structural characterization of the nanoparticles with HRTEM. Two nanoscale mineral types, i.e., mineral nanoparticles and nanomi- nerals, were observed in the Anthrosol. Mineral nanoparticles in soil included well crystalline aluminumsilicate nanosheets, nanorods, and nanoparticles. Nanosheets with a length of 120-150 nm and a width of about 10-20 nm were identified as chlorite/vermiculite series. The presence of clear lattice fringe spacing in HRTEM image of nanoparticles indicated that mineral nanoparticles had a relatively good crystallinity. The nanomineral ferrihydrite also existed in the Anthrosol. The HRTEM images and the particle size distribution histogram suggested that these ferrihydrite nanoparticles were quite homogeneous, and had a narrow size distribution range （1-7 nm） with a mean diameter of 3.6 4- 1.6 nm. Our HRTEM observation indicated that mineral nanoparticles and nanominerals were common and widely distributed in Anthrosols. HRTEM and selected area diffraction or lattice fringe spacing characterization provided further proofs to the structure of nanoparticles formed in soil.展开更多
In this paper, nano-porous A1N micro-rods were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Brunauer-Emett-Teller （BET） met...In this paper, nano-porous A1N micro-rods were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Brunauer-Emett-Teller （BET） method of nitrogen adsorption at low temperature, UV-via absorption spectrometry and Raman spectrometry. The SEM images and TEM images showed that the A1N samples were micro-size rods with pores in their surfaces evenly. The length of the rod was in the range of a few mi- crons to tens of micron, the diameter of the rods was about one micron, the diameter of the pore was about hundreds of nano- meter and the wall thickness of the pore about tens of nanometer. The BET surface area of the sample was 41.424 ma/g. The optical spectra showed that the optical properties of the A1N samples almost agreed with that of A1N bulk or film.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61227003,No.61301259,No.61471325and No.61571404)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.2015021099)
文摘A key step is to extract valid information region in the fusion of multi-voltage X-ray image sequence for complicated components. To improve the self-adaption of extraction, a method is presented in this paper. In this paper, the valid informa-tion region is selected by the grey level interval, which is computed by the optimization of image quality evaluation model. The model is based on the histogram equalization and the grey level interval. Then, every valid region of images at different voltages is extracted and they are fused according their grey level transformation function. The fusion image contains completed struc-ture information of the component. The fusion experiment of a cylinder head shows the effectiveness of the presented method.
基金Project(51171209)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The main methods of the second phase quantitative analysis in current material science researches are manual recognition and extracting by using software such as Image Tool and Nano Measurer. The weaknesses such as high labor intensity and low accuracy statistic results exist in these methods. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the current methods, the Ω phase in A1-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is taken as the research object and an algorithm based on the digital image processing and pattern recognition is proposed and implemented to do the A1 alloy TEM （transmission electron microscope） digital images process and recognize and extract the information of the second phase in the result image automatically. The top-hat transformation of the mathematical morphology, as well as several imaging processing technologies has been used in the proposed algorithm. Thereinto, top-hat transformation is used for elimination of asymmetric illumination and doing Multi-layer filtering to segment Ω phase in the TEM image. The testing results are satisfied, which indicate that the Ω phase with unclear boundary or small size can be recognized by using this method. The omission of these two kinds of Ω phase can be avoided or significantly reduced. More Ω phases would be recognized （growing rate minimum to 2% and maximum to 400% in samples）, accuracy of recognition and statistics results would be greatly improved by using this method. And the manual error can be eliminated. The procedure recognizing and making quantitative analysis of information in this method is automatically completed by the software. It can process one image, including recognition and quantitative analysis in 30 min, but the manual method such as using Image Tool or Nano Measurer need 2 h or more. The labor intensity is effectively reduced and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
文摘This review work explains some of the most important techniques to detect the occurrence of magma mixing phenomena in the volcanic rocks by using SEM （scanning electron microscope）. In particular, the most useful methods related to the different types of mixing are reviewed： complete mixing （blending） or incomplete mixing （mingling）. For blending, backscattered electron images and EDS （energy dispersive spectroscopy） are the most accurate methods： an example taken from a sample of ash of the 2007 Stromboli volcano eruption was used. For mingling, the best method is given by X-ray elemental mapping （in particular of Ca and Si）, as explained through the example taken from a sample of the 2003 explosive eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano. The aim of this work was to establish whereas would be useful to use backscattered eletron images, EDS, or X-ray elemental mapping techniques, according to the different types of mixing that occur very often in magmatic systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40971131)the Ph.D. Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20090101110088)
文摘Soils contain various kinds of crystalline to amorphous solid particles with at least one dimension in the nanoscale （〈 100 nm）. These nanoparticles contribute greatly to dynamic soil processes such as soil genesis, trace element cycling, contaminant transport, and chemical reaction. The nano-sized fraction of an Anthrosol was obtained to determine the occurrence, chemical composition, structure, and mineral phases of nanoparticles using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Selected area electron diffraction or the fast Fourier transform of high-resolution images was used in structural characterization of the nanoparticles with HRTEM. Two nanoscale mineral types, i.e., mineral nanoparticles and nanomi- nerals, were observed in the Anthrosol. Mineral nanoparticles in soil included well crystalline aluminumsilicate nanosheets, nanorods, and nanoparticles. Nanosheets with a length of 120-150 nm and a width of about 10-20 nm were identified as chlorite/vermiculite series. The presence of clear lattice fringe spacing in HRTEM image of nanoparticles indicated that mineral nanoparticles had a relatively good crystallinity. The nanomineral ferrihydrite also existed in the Anthrosol. The HRTEM images and the particle size distribution histogram suggested that these ferrihydrite nanoparticles were quite homogeneous, and had a narrow size distribution range （1-7 nm） with a mean diameter of 3.6 4- 1.6 nm. Our HRTEM observation indicated that mineral nanoparticles and nanominerals were common and widely distributed in Anthrosols. HRTEM and selected area diffraction or lattice fringe spacing characterization provided further proofs to the structure of nanoparticles formed in soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Provincial Department of Education (Grant No. 2010JK744)the Key Academic Discipline Project of Shaanxi Province
文摘In this paper, nano-porous A1N micro-rods were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Brunauer-Emett-Teller （BET） method of nitrogen adsorption at low temperature, UV-via absorption spectrometry and Raman spectrometry. The SEM images and TEM images showed that the A1N samples were micro-size rods with pores in their surfaces evenly. The length of the rod was in the range of a few mi- crons to tens of micron, the diameter of the rods was about one micron, the diameter of the pore was about hundreds of nano- meter and the wall thickness of the pore about tens of nanometer. The BET surface area of the sample was 41.424 ma/g. The optical spectra showed that the optical properties of the A1N samples almost agreed with that of A1N bulk or film.
