基于计算机视觉算法的低频射电干扰快速检测与分析研究

射电干扰(radio frequency interference, RFI)会导致与科学目标相关的天文观测数据损失或质量下降,因此对其进行检测与消除是射电天文观测数据处理的重要步骤之一。低频射电干扰主要来源于人为活动和自然大气现象,如调频广播、航空通信、卫星通信、流星和闪电等。以新疆乌拉斯台的21CMA (the 21 centimeter array)单天线阵的高时间分辨率(约1 ms)观测模式为基础开发出一套用于低频射电干扰快速检测与分析的算法软件。该软件利用信号频谱瀑布图作为输入,主要基于Canny边缘检测算法与Hough寻线算法来识别射电干扰信号。测试结果显示,该软件对参数依赖性低,输出结果准确率约在90%,处理性能有望满足实时处理的需要。观测数据来自2020年1月象限仪流星雨期间进行的约42 h的观测,通过射电干扰检测与初步分析,结果显示在74~110 MHz频率范围内,检测到的低频射电干扰的主要来源很可能是流星余迹的反射信号。

精确时延补偿的自适应旁瓣相消射电抗干扰方法研究

导航信号作为射电干扰信号影响L波段射电观测时,与雷达、通信领域的干扰不同,其功率通常小于噪声功率,使得利用干扰信号相关性的传统抗干扰方法效果不佳,且缺乏有效的评价指标。针对以上问题,依据射电信号处理流程构建了射电抗干扰系统框架,并从射电观测数据应用出发,给出了干扰抑制度和信号损失度两个指标。同时提出在精确补偿时延后利用抑制干扰子空间噪声分量的自适应旁瓣相消方法来消除导航信号的影响;仿真结果表明,本方法能有效抑制导航信号对射电观测的影响,且性能优于传统基于特征子空间的自适应旁瓣相消方法。

关于射电望远镜台址航空信号处理方法的研究

来自飞行器的航空信号会严重干扰邻近频段的射电天文观测,有效地分析确定射电天文台址附近航空信号分布范围,能够为射电天文观测干扰源的查找及抗航空信号干扰策略提供重要支撑.介绍了航空信号的获取方法.根据航空信号位置信息估算了飞机到测站距离随时间的分布情况,评估了航空信号到测站的功率损耗.提出了一种基于最小二乘多项式拟合和聚类算法划定高峰时段航迹分布范围的方法.首先通过最小二乘多项式拟合,获得航迹样本点在时间上的分布趋势和高峰时段;其次,对高峰时段的航迹样本点进行聚类分析,得到各高峰时段样本点空间分布范围;最后,采用相同方法对验证数据样本点进行聚类分析,计算航迹分布在已划定区域范围内的概率,验证了方法的有效性.

环月超长波干涉仪最佳探测区域快速预报方法

为解决环月超长波干涉仪的最佳探测区域快速自主预报问题,采用改进的二分搜索方法.在环月超长波干涉仪的实际任务中,日地月与环月超长波干涉仪的四体实时相对位置可由星上自主轨道预报获得,由此干涉仪最佳探测区域的预报问题可等价为一维边界搜索问题.常用的一维搜索方法如二分法、斐波那契法与黄金分割法均为针对极值的搜索方法,因此改进了上述方法的搜索策略,使之适用于边界搜索问题,通过仿真比较了改进后3种搜索方法的精度与搜索效率.具体改进为:3种搜索均加入粗搜索的流程以快速缩小搜索范围,再依据不同方法定制相应收敛判据,精确搜索环月超长波干涉仪进出其最佳探测区域的时刻.最终通过比较上述3种方法在相同精度要求下的搜索时间与计算量,以评估3种方法的搜索效率.仿真结果表明,改进二分法的搜索时间与计算量均略高于其余方法的0. 5倍,其搜索效率显著优于改进的斐波那契法与黄金分割法,可用于环月超长波干涉仪最佳探测区域的快速自主预报.

Investigation and Comparison of Two Models in Galvanic Coupling Intra-body Communications

Intra-body communication (IBC) is a new,emerging,short-range and human body based communication methodology.It is a technique to network various devices on human body,by utilizing the conducting properties of human tissues,suitable for currently fast developing Body area network (BAN)/Body sensor network (BSN).IBC is believed to have advantages in power consumption,electromagnetic radiation,interference from external electromagnetic noise,security,and restriction in spectrum resource.In this article,the authors develop two models,which are analytical and empirical approaches,for comparing the performance and accuracy of IBC on a human limb.Through in vivo experiment of five volunteers,both models basically match with the experimental result with equivalent circuit model superior than electromagnetic model in term of maximum error.

Electromagnetic emanation exploration in FPGA-based digital design

As semiconductor technologies have been shrinking,the speed of circuits,integration density,and the number of I/O interfaces have been significantly increasing.As a consequence,electromagnetic emanation(EME)becomes a critical issue in digital system designs.Electronic devices must meet electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)requirements to ensure that they operate properly,and safely without interference.I/O buffers consume high currents when they operate.The bonding wires,and lead frames are long enough to play as efficient antennas to radiate electromagnetic interference(EMI).Therefore,I/O switching activities significantly contribute to the EMI.In this paper,we evaluate and analyze the impact of I/O switching activities on the EME.We will change the circuit configurations such as the supply voltage for I/O banks,their switching frequency,driving current,and slew rate.Additionally,a trade-off between the switching frequencies and the number of simultaneous switching outputs(SSOs)is also considered in terms of EME.Moreover,we evaluate the electromagnetic emissions that are associated with the different I/O switching patterns.The results show that the electromagnetic emissions associated I/O switching activities depend strongly on their operating parameters and configurations.All the circuit implementations and measurements are carried out on a Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA.

Maximum Power Tracking for PVs with Improved Tracking Accuracy at Irradiance Transients

PV （photovoltaic） systems need MPPT （maximum power point tracking） techniques to hamess maximum power from PV arrays. P＆O （perturb ＆ observe）, and incremental conductance methods are two basic MPPT algorithms applied to PV systems with fixed and variable step sizes. However, the existing variable step MPPT method exhibits complications which occur in the algorithm due to sudden, large irradiance changes which result in dips in power extraction. This paper proposes a modification to the existing variable step MPPT method to avoid such complications and hence improve the tracking accuracy under irradiance transients. The proposed technique is experimentally verified under sudden irradiance disturbances using a solar array. The results are compared with the existing variable step method. The superiority of the proposed technique is demonstrated through a laboratory prototype.

Evaluation of cable tension sensors of FAST reflector from the perspective of EMI

The active reflector of FAST （ five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope） is suppor- ted by a ring beam and a cable-net structure, in which nodes are actively controlled to form series of real-time paraboloids. To ensure the security and stability of the supporting structure, tension must be monitored for some typical cables. Considering the stringent requirements in accuracy and long- term stability, magnetic flux sensor, vibrating wire strain gauge and fiber bragg grating strain gauge are screened for the cable tension monitoring of the supporting cable-net. Specifically, receivers of radio telescopes have strict restriction on electro magnetic interference （EMI） or radio frequency in- terference （RFI）. These three types of sensors are evaluated from the view of EMIfRFI. Firstly, these fundamentals are theoretically analyzed. Secondly, typical sensor signals are collected in the time and analyzed in the frequency domain, which shows the characteristic in the frequency domain. Finally, typical sensors are tested in an anechoic chamber to get the EMI levels. Theoretical analysis shows that Fiber Bragg Grating strain gauge itself will not lead to EMI/RFI. According to GJB151 A, frequency domain analysis and test results show that for the vibrating wire strain gauge and magnetic flux sensor themselves, testable EMIfRF1 levels are typically below the background noise of the ane- choic chamber. FAST finally choses these three sensors as the monitoring sensors of its cable ten- sion. The proposed study is also a reference to the monitoring equipment selection of other radio tele- scopes and large structures.

Research on Influence of Electromagnetic Interference on X-Ray Digital Detection

X-ray digital imaging technology has found wide application owing to its advantages of real-time, visualization and rapid imaging. In substations the substantial electromagnetic interference has some influence on the live detection by the X-ray digital imaging technology, hindering the promotion of the technology in the detection of electric equipment. Based on a large number of field tests, the author carded out a series of researches on electromagnetic interference protection measures, image de-noising, and image enhancement algorithms.

Ka波段天测与测地VLBI观测的利弊分析

分析了天测与测地甚长基线干涉测量(very long baseline interferometry,VLBI)观测频率设置的必要性,重点分析了Ka波段观测的利弊。相比于X波段,Ka波段观测的优点包括河外源更致密、核移效应更小,更有利于提高射电天球参考架的实现精度以及与天体物理学全球天体测量干涉仪(global astrometric interferometer for astrophysics,Gaia)计划准惯性光学参考架的连接精度。在深空探测方面的优点表现为遥测数据率高,VLBI跟踪测量精度高,更有利于减小大气电离层和太阳等离子体对测量时延的不利影响。缺点包括河外源相对较弱,天线反射面精度和指向精度要求较高,大气吸收和辐射效应的影响更大等,但是这些因素所造成的系统灵敏度的降低有望通过高数据率采样而得到补偿。结合我国VLBI技术现状提出了发展建议。