小中水规模研究

针对目前国内水资源现状和中水回用及推广现状和问题,参考日本和北京市关于小中水规模规定的先例,总结国内、外的中水处理回用的特点和利用现状,分析了大、小中水回用的优劣及适用范围。根据中水回用的特点提出中水回用技术的发展还要从小到大,从微观到宏观,综合考虑城市规模、经济状况、城市规划及规范制定等因素,以中水的广泛应用为目标促使小中水规模合理划分,大、小中水达到最优平衡,才能更好推广中水利用,进而减弱我国城市化发展中的水资源短缺因素的限制。

The Small Hydropower in China-A Focus of World Attention

This paper describes the present situation, construction experiences, existing problems and the principal tasks in the development of small hydropower in China.

Chinese Urbanization： Achievements and Prospects to Be Pursued

This paper systematically reviews the different stages of China＇s urbanization process since 1949, its achievements and problems it faces. It offers in-depth discussion on the trends of Chinese urbanization, i.e. maintaining rapid growth; making small and medium- sized cities the main driver in development; and focusing on central and western China as the major areas to be urbanized. This paper analyzes new-type urbanization for instance to set up comprehensive urban system that meets the requirements of having a high urbanization level, such as focusing on developing medium-sized cities of one to two million people, using city clusters to encourage population concentration and following an urban construction model that is intensive and compact; and finally this paper proposes policy suggestions for boosting the healthy development of new-type urbanization, including reforming current models for urban-rural governance and establishing development zones, reactivating the normal process of creating cities, and establishing and improving relevant policy systems.

Research and application of hybrid wheat in China

Hybrid wheat is recognized as a preferred approach to improve wheat yield,and it will be a competition focus in high-tech seed industry in the future. We have made a breakthrough for the first time in creation of two-line hybrid wheat system,which reaches the world leading level in wheat research and has laid an important foundation for the future direction of the world wheat research. Similar to hybrid rice,the innovation of two-line hybrid wheat system is another achievement in science and technology. The application of hybrid wheat in China will greatly increase the food production,and make a great significance to food production and food security. This paper introduces the development process and major breakthrough of hybrid wheat in China,and the main bottleneck and countermeasures in the application of hybrid wheat.

Integrated evaluation system under randomness and fuzziness for groundwater contamination risk assessment in a little town, Central China

An integrated evaluation system under randomness and fuzziness was developed in this work to systematically assess the risk of groundwater contamination in a little town, Central China. In this system, randomness of the parameters and the fuzziness of the risk were considered simultaneously, and the exceeding standard probability of contamination and human health risk due to the contamination were integrated. The contamination risk was defined as a combination of "vulnerability" and "hazard". To calculate the value of "vulnerability", pollutant concentration was simulated by MODFLOW with random input variables and a new modified health risk assessment(MRA) model was established to analyze the level of "hazard". The limit concentration based on environmental-guideline and health risk due to manganese were systematically examined to obtain the general risk levels through a fuzzy rule base. The "vulnerability" and "hazard" were divided into five categories of "high", "medium-high", "medium", "low-medium" and "low", respectively. Then, "vulnerability" and "hazard" were firstly combined by integrated evaluation. Compared with the other two scenarios under deterministic methods, the risk obtained in the proposed system is higher. This research illustrated that ignoring of uncertainties in evaluation process might underestimate the risk level.

Stable Isotopes in Precipitation and Atmospheric Moisture of Pailugou Catchment in Northwestern China′s Qilian Mountains

Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation have been widely used as effective traces to investigate hydrological processes such as evaporation and atmospheric moisture source. This study analyzed δD and δ^(18)O of precipitation in continuous event-based samples at three stations of Pailugou Catchment from November 2012 to December 2013. The δ^(18)O and δD values ranged from-32.32‰ to +3.23‰ and from-254.46‰ to +12.11‰, respectively. Results show that the δ^(18)O displayed a distinct seasonal variation, with enriched values occurring in summer and relatively depleted values in winter, respectively. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the δ^(18)O and δD values and local surface air temperature at all the three stations. The nearest Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation(GNIP) station(Zhangye), compared to the Meteoric Water Lines for this study, showed the obvious local evaporation effects with lower intercept and slope. Additionally, d-excess(δD- 8δ^(18)O) parameter in precipitation exhibited an anti-phase seasonal variability with the δ^(18)O. The 96-h back trajectories for each precipitation event using Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) model indicated a dominant effect of westerly air masses in summer and the integrated influence of westerly and polar air masses in winter.

Clinical observation of pediatric Tuina plus oral Chinese medication for pediatric anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of pediatric Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)plus oral administration of Chinese medication for pediatric anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation.Methods A total of 94 children with anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method at a ratio of 1:1,with 47 cases in each group.The control group was treated with modified Bu Huan Jin Zheng Qi San,and the observation group was treated with additional Tuina manipulation of Yun Shui Ru Tu based on the treatment in the control group.After 4 weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed,and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptom score,serum leptin,neuropeptide Y,and serum zinc and calcium levels were compared.Results After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 87.2%,and that of the control group was 74.5%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant( P<0.05).After treatment,the TCM symptom scores in both groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the serum leptin level in both groups decreased,and the level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The serum neuropeptide Y,zinc,and calcium levels in both groups increased after treatment,and the levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Tuina manipulation of Yun Shui Ru Tu plus oral administration of Chinese medication is significantly effective in treating pediatric anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation,which can improve the appetite of children and improve the symptoms of anorexia,and the curative effect is better than that of oral administration of Chinese medication alone.

The changes of renewable water resources in China during 1956 –2010

Water is a critical natural resource upon which all social and economic activities and ecosystem functions depend. With a surprising social and economic development in the past decades, water has become an important constraint for China's sustainable development, and a matter concerning economic security, ecological security and national security of the country. Understanding the changes of water resources is greatly helpful in analyzing the impacts of climatic change, formulating plans for utilization and protection of water resources, and making water resource decisions. Based on China's national water resources assessment, the Mann-Kendall's test, and Morlet wavelet, we analyzed the changing trends and periods of China's renewable water resources during 1956–2010. The results as following:(1) There is no significant change trend of water resources on the countrywide scale during the period 1956–2010, the total water resources show a slight increasing trend, and the national annual average water resources during the period 1991–2010 increased by 1% relative to that of the period 1961–1990.(2) The changes of water resources in different level-I water resource regions vary significantly. Annual average water resources of the Haihe River and Yellow River regions in the northern China decreased 19% and 17% respectively in the past 20 years. Water resource increased in Southern and Northwestern rivers regions, particularly in the Northwest rivers region, with the increasing amplitude by nearly 10% in the past 20 years.(3) The inter-annual variation of national water resource became larger in the past 20 years, as compared with that of the period 1961–1990. The coefficients of water resource variation increased in Northwestern and Southwestern rivers regions, while the inter-annual variation tended to decrease in the Haihe and the Yellow River regions where significant decline of water resources happened.(4) A 14-year quasi-periodicity of the national water resource variation was detected, overlapping with various periodicities of water resources of different level-I water resource regions. Remarkable uniformity exists between the first or secondary primary periodicity of water resource variation in adjacent level-I water resource regions.