There are no national boundaries or local dwellers here. There is but a world in pure white and deep blue, enlivened only by care-free and leisurely wondering penguins, seals and whales. Here is indeed a fairy land at...There are no national boundaries or local dwellers here. There is but a world in pure white and deep blue, enlivened only by care-free and leisurely wondering penguins, seals and whales. Here is indeed a fairy land attracting more and more tourists, and scientific investigation groups from different countries who have set up research stations to explore this unknown world. They have chosen the most severe environment to enjoy their best time of life. Among them, Bai Shanshan, a staff reporter with Sichuan Broadcasting & TV Journal is lucky enough to be the first female journalist who has twice been to the Antarctic Circle with China’s Antarctic Expedition Team. In addition to her maiden voyage along with China’s 3rd Antarctic Expedition Team in 1987 to the Antarctic Circle, she joined the team the second time in 1996 and stayed to work there for over 50 days at the Zhongshan Station from December, 1996 to February, 1997. Included in this article are the sidelights written by Bai Shanshan during her stay展开更多
Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this ex...Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89Blue Rings(lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings(cell deformation and collapse), and 93Light Rings(reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages.展开更多
文摘There are no national boundaries or local dwellers here. There is but a world in pure white and deep blue, enlivened only by care-free and leisurely wondering penguins, seals and whales. Here is indeed a fairy land attracting more and more tourists, and scientific investigation groups from different countries who have set up research stations to explore this unknown world. They have chosen the most severe environment to enjoy their best time of life. Among them, Bai Shanshan, a staff reporter with Sichuan Broadcasting & TV Journal is lucky enough to be the first female journalist who has twice been to the Antarctic Circle with China’s Antarctic Expedition Team. In addition to her maiden voyage along with China’s 3rd Antarctic Expedition Team in 1987 to the Antarctic Circle, she joined the team the second time in 1996 and stayed to work there for over 50 days at the Zhongshan Station from December, 1996 to February, 1997. Included in this article are the sidelights written by Bai Shanshan during her stay
基金funding from the ERC Advanced Project MONOSTAR (Ad G 882727)funding from Sust ES: adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_0 19/0000797)+11 种基金funding from the Fritz & Elisabeth Schweingruber Foundation. Duncan A. Christie and Carlos Le Quesne received funding from the ANID (FONDECYT 1201411, 1221307, FONDAP 15110009, BASAL FB210018)funding from the Russian Science Foundation grant (RSF 21-17-00006)funding from NSF Arctic Social Science 2112314NSF Arctic Natural Science 2124885the NSF P2C2 (Paleo Perspectives on Climatic Change) program (various grants)funding from the Russian Science Foundation grant (RSF 21-1400330)funding from the Russian Science Foundation grant (RSF 18-14-00072P)supported by the Swedish Research Council (201801272)funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation through the SNSF Sinergia CALDERA project (CRSII5 183571)funding from the National Science Foundation’s P2C2 Program (1902625 and 1203749)the Malcolm H.Wiener Foundationfunded through NSF P2C2 Program (2002454)
文摘Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89Blue Rings(lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings(cell deformation and collapse), and 93Light Rings(reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages.
