基于动态极小势参数矩阵求解极小碰集的方法

在基于模型的故障诊断与测试过程中,求解极小碰集是诊断与测试的一个关键步骤,极大地影响了故障诊断的最终效率。鉴于此,提出一种基于动态极小势的参数矩阵计算极小碰集的新算法JMatrix,利用参数矩阵描述冲突集合簇中元素与集合的关系,每次动态选取当前矩阵中势最小的集合进行分解,将大问题逐步分解成规模更小的子问题,并在碰集求解过程中通过加入剪枝策略和启发式信息,避免了对无解空间的搜索;在对每一个碰集进行极小化时,根据原始冲突集合簇的矩阵特性,可以快速地找到特定元素所在的集合,从而加快极小化的速度。实验结果表明,所提算法JMatrix不但在大量人工测试数据集上较其他经典极小碰集求解算法具有更高的效率,而且在国际基准ISCAS-85电路数据集上仍具有高效稳定的性能。

基于模型诊断的一种新编码方法

基于模型诊断(model-based diagnosis,MBD)是人工智能诊断领域中著名的诊断求解方法之一,旨在识别诊断问题的根本原因.由于求解诊断解在计算上具有挑战性,一些MBD算法提出通过修改模型的编码来提高诊断效率,如面向统治者的编码(dominator-oriented encoding,DOE)方法.面向观察的编码(observation-oriented encoding,OOE)方法使用2种方法对MBD模型进行约简.首先,利用系统观测和统治组件输出的一些过滤边来约简系统描述和观测.其次,通过查找基于观测的过滤节点来过滤更多的组件,进而有效约简组件的编码规模.此外,在ISCAS85和ITC99基准测试用例上的实验结果表明,与目前最新的MBD编码方法DOE和传统的基础编码(basic encoding,BE)相比,上述2种约简方法有效减少了MBD实例的编码子句数量比,降低MaxSAT求解器求解诊断的难度,进而能在更短的时间内返回一个诊断解.

小麦开花期旗叶水势晴天昼夜变化规律研究

在旱地条件下，对１８个水旱地小麦品种开花期旗叶水势昼夜变化研究表明，不同品种在不同时间的水势及其升降速率有明显差异，但不呈平行变化规律，根据水势高低并不能将水旱地品种截然分开。有９个品种的水势于２１：００，已恢复到最高点，另外９个品种于５：００达到最高。

R^n空间中单位球面的极小球覆盖

考虑如下问题:对一个Banach空间X,已知其单位球面SX可以被n+1个不含原点为其内点的闭球所覆盖,则其最小覆盖半径是多少?本文针对一特殊空间Rn,首先证明了在Rn中,若有一点集{xi}im=1满足一定条件,则可给出一特殊的球覆盖,且此覆盖的半径即为最小半径.进一步本文还给出了在Rn中若任意给定r≥32,可找到一个以r为覆盖半径的球覆盖,且此覆盖的势为极小的.

R^n空间中单位球面覆盖的半径问题

Banach空间X中的一个闭球族B是X的球覆盖,如果B中的任一元素不包含原点作为其内点,且B中元素之并覆盖了X的单位球面SX.一个球覆盖B称为是极小的当且仅当B的势小于或等于X中所有球覆盖的势.文献[1]证明了在Rn中球覆盖的极小势为n+1,本文重点利用文献[4]所给出的n维空间中n-单形与其外接超球面间的若干关系,证明了在有限维欧氏空间Rn中极小球覆盖的最小半径为n/2,且当极小球覆盖中(n+1)个球的球心恰好为球面n/2SX的内接正则n-单形的顶点时可以取到.

Differential Gene Expression Between Wheat Hybrids and Their Parental Inbreds in Primary Roots

To provide an insight into the molecular basis of heterosis, differential display of mRNA was used to analyze the difference of gene expression between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) heterotic hybrid A, nonheterotic hybrid B and their parental inbreds in the primary roots. By using 5′ end random primers in combination with three one-base-anchored primers, it was found that 22.5% and 22.9% of 877 total displayed cDNAs were differentially expressed between hybrid A, B and their parents, respectively. Both quantitative and qualitative differences in gene expression between hybrids and their parental inbreds were obvious, indicating that the patterns of gene expression in hybrids alter significantly as compared to their corresponding parents. On the other hand, by using MADS-box gene specific 5′ end primer for DDRT-PCR, we found that nearly all of the displayed cDNA fragments were polymorphic between hybrids and their parents, and major difference occurred in qualitative level, in which hybrid specific-expressed and silenced genes are the major two patterns, suggesting that MADS-box gene may be important for manifestation of differential gene expression and wheat heterosis. In comparison with our previous results by using seedling leaves, it is indicated that differential gene expression between hybrids and parents is dependent on the tissues tested, and more differentially expressed genes were observed in the primary roots than in the seedling leaves. Therefore, it is concluded that the expressions of both randomly displayed cDNAs and transcription factor genes, such as MADS-box, alter significantly between hybrids and their parents, which might be responsible for the observed heterosis.

分子记忆对基因表达过程中的能量消耗影响

一方面,分子记忆广泛存在于基因表达过程中;另一方面,由热动力学的观点,基因表达过程必然消耗能量.这引起一个未探索的问题:分子记忆如何影响基因表达的能量消耗.由此,通过分析一个代表性的、带记忆的基因表达模型,结果发现:分子记忆越强,基因表达消耗越多能量;极小势和能量消耗之间存在反比例关系,这表明基因表达越稳定,需要消耗的能量越多.这些结果表明分子记忆是一个不可忽略的因素,它能有意义地影响基因表达过程中的能量消耗.

用MDMC-HS-tree方法计算极小碰集

产生待诊断设备冲突集的所有极小碰集是基于模型诊断的一个重要步骤,极小碰集即为该设备的候选诊断.HS-tree算法产生的节点数目较多,效率较低.因此,提出了基于极大度和极小势的MDMC-HS-tree方法.每次选择势最小的集合进行扩展,以便减小树的宽度;并删减包含势最小集合中度最大元素的集合,不断将大问题化简为小问题.实验结果表明:本算法能够产生所有极小碰集,且在计算大规模碰集时产生相对较少的节点,为实际设备故障诊断提供较可行的方法.

Analysis on Marginal Superiority and Yield of Different Wheat Varieties in Wheat-cotton Intercropping System

In wheat-cotton intercropping system,the spike number per unit area,grains per spike,thousand-grain weight and yield of side line and inner line were investigated in six wheat varieties to study the marginal superiority and select suitable wheat varieties intercropped with cotton.The results showed that Xingmai No.4had obvious marginal superiority with the yield of 6 919.0 kg/hm2,so it was the suitable variety for wheat-cotton intercropping system.

Effects of Sowing Rate on Marginal Superiority and Yield of Wheat in Wheat-cotton Intercropping System

In the wheat-cotton intercropping system, total 6 sowing rates （187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, 337.5 and 375.0 kg/hm2） were arranged, and the effects of sowing rate on marginal superiority and yield of wheat were investigated. The re- sults showed that the effect of sowing rate on inner-line wheat was greater than that on side-line wheat; with the increased sowing rate, the marginal superiority of panicle number was reduced in overall, and the difference in panicle number be- tween inner and side lines was decreased from 9.0×10^5/hm2 （sowing rate of 187.5 kg/hm2） to 7.8×10^5/hm2 （sowing rate of 375.0 kg/hm2）; the marginal superiority of grains per spike was increased first and then reduced, and the largest difference in grains per spike between the inner and side lines reached 4.6 under the sowing rate of 300.0 kg/hm2; the marginal superiority of 1 000-grain weight and yield was gradually increased, and the largest difference in 1 000-grain weight between the inner and side lines reached 3.9 g under the sowing rate of 337.5 kg/hm2, and in yield reached 3 136.5 kg/hm2under the sowing rate of 375.0 kg/hm2. The effects of sowing rate on the three yield factors of intercropped wheat ranked as panicle number 〉 grains per spike 〉 1 000-grain weight. The appropriate sowing rate of wheat was 225.0-262.0 kg/hm2 in the wheat-cotton intercropping system.

Post-Buckling Analysis for Elastic Thin Plate Under Unilateral Frictionless Restraint

To investigate the buckling and post buckling behaviors of elastic thin plate under frictionless unilateral restraint, enduring the coupling action of lognitudinal and transverse loads, the principle of minimum potential energy and variational method are used and series functions with unknown coefficients are taken as trial functions of functional to solve the large deflection and non linear bending problem of a thin plate and find relation curves between deflection of plate and loads. The proposed method can capture the buckling and post buckling behaviors of a thin plate in different geometrical and load boundary conditions. The analysis confirms that there occur snap and bifurcation behaviors in the post buckling stage of the plate. And these results show the validity of the variational method for solving buckling problems of thin plate.

A nonlinear rheological model of backfill material for retaining roadways and the analysis of its stability

The long-term stability of backfill material is the key to retaining roadways successfully. In order to study the rheological deformation of backfill material and its long-term stability, given the visco-elastoplastic properties of this material, we introduced a softening and a hardening function for a new nonlinear the- ological model with time-varying parameters. Based on this, we presented the instability condition of this model by using the principle of minimum potential energy. Combined with engineering practice, we cal- culated the urlstable time period of backfill material. The results show that the time of instability of the backfill material relate to the initial parameters of the material, ＂the coefficients decided by temperature and the ratio of the plastic zone of the backfill material. Based on the results of our analysis from the point of view of energy, we can quickly obtain the time of instability of this model from our graphical analysis. The time of instability of the backfill material obtained from our investigation coincides with an actual project.

ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN JANUARY AND JULY IN CHINA

The temperature change trends in January and July are analyzed and the results show that the trends descend in July but ascend in January except in South China and Southwest China. The relation between the temperature in January and July are discussed by using the wavelet. The results show that the trend phase in July and January are nearly in-phase in Southwest and South China, but are out-of-phase in other regions. Reconstruction of original temperature series in each of the regions indicates that their change trends are consistent with the original temperature series.

Isolation and Characterization of an Arabidopsis Bushy and Dwarf Mutant

Apical dominance is a phenomenon that the growth of axillary meristems is inhibited by the primary shoot or inflorescence. Recent researches have begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms of apical dominance by isolating and identifying mutants with altered apical dominance. Here we report isolation of a bushy and dwarf 1 (bud1) mutant from Arabidopsis thaliana L. through a T-DNA tagging approach. The phenotypes of bul1 plants include loss of apical dominance, reduced plant size and dwarfism, suggesting that the bud1 mutant may be involved in auxin metabolism, transport or signalling. Using a reporter gene driven by an auxin-responsive promoter, we found that the expression pattern of auxin response element was altered in bud1. The auxin sensitivity and transport assay indicates that these two processes are normal in bud1. These results suggest that the bud1 phenotypes may result from an alteration in auxin metabolism. Genetic analysis demonstrates that bud1 is a semidominant mutant and cosegregates with a T-DNA insertion, which indicates that BUD1 gene could be cloned by iPCR approach.

ANALYSIS OF THE TRENDS OF THUNDERSTORMS IN 1951-2007 IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

Based on the 1951-2007 thunderstorms in Jiangsu,a study is conducted for their climate trends,periodicity,spatiotemporal patterns,and the distributions of the first and last days of the thunderstorms at different guarantee rates (GRs) using climate tendency rate,wavelet analysis,and GR for diagnosis.Results suggest that the inter-annual number of thunderstorm days (TSDs) exhibits a decreasing trend in this province.The trend is displayed mainly in the decreasing TSD number in summer and autumn except in spring,when the variation is not significant in the study period.In this province,the TSD number declines by ～2 days per 10 years.On an inter-annual basis,the pronounced positive departures of the number take place chiefly in the early 1960s,the late 1960s to the early-mid-1970s,the late 1980s,and the late 1990s compared with the negative anomalies dominant in the late 1970s to the mid-1980s,the mid-to-late-1990s,and the late 1990s to 2007.There are vast differences in the initial and ending days at diverse GRs in different areas of the province.At 50% GR,the earliest (last) days occur from mid-March to early April (early to late September) while at 80% GR,the initial (last) days are from late March to early May (early to late October).For the distribution of periods,the periods >8-10 years are relatively stable for the entire province.Based on 1951-2007 period analysis,the region north (south) of the Huaihe River experiences TSDs less (more) than normal days in recent years.

Management Development Trends of Nowadays in Albania

Albanian business environment is defined by complexity, dynamism, uncertainty. In Albania, there are small and medium enterprises （businesses）. Although we have a high degree of business bankrupt, many businesses are reinforcing their competitive positions in market. In these conditions, a new appropriate organizational structure often plays a crucial role in managing the challenges. While the finn grows, at the same time grows the need for organization, involvement and leadership. In today＇s changing times, effective leadership is a key component of organizational success. Even if management is the key of operation and the standard operating procedures, our study shows that the manager always need leader＇s power. In today＇s global marketplace, organizations that strategically focus on building leadership capacity for the future will reap the benefits in the years to come. New trends in business development, of course have increased requirements for local managers. The organizations are under pressure to show return on investment for training and development. Although positive trends, problems which management is faced are more challenging than the degree of preparation and performance that they offer, so their qualitative qualification remains the continuous preoccupation as the role of our school is in this direction. From this point of view, education in distance can be considered as complementary approach and in some conditions as a worthy replacement of direct education, which still dominates educative systems in Albania.

Management innovation and core competitive advantages of SMEs

The paper first introduces the concept of core competence. Based on that, it proposes that small and medium enterprises （SMEs） should actively implement management innovation and describes the contents of management innovation. The conclusion is that SMEs should build the core competitive advantages through management innovation, in order to achieve better performance in the fierce market competition.

Fluorometric Discrimination Technique of Phytoplankton Population Based on Wavelet Analysis

The discrete excitation-emission-matrix fluorescence spectra (EEMS) at 12 excitation wavelengths (400, 430, 450, 460, 470, 490, 500, 510, 525, 550, 570, and 590 nm) and emission wavelengths ranging from 600-750 nm were determined for 43 phytoplankton species. A two-rank fluorescence spectra database was established by wavelet analysis and a fluorometric discrimination technique for determining phytoplankton population was developed. For laboratory simulatively mixed samples, the samples mixed from 43 algal species (the algae of one division accounted for 25%, 50%, 75%, 85%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average discrimination rates at the level of division were 65.0%, 87.5%, 98.6%, 99.0%, and 99.1%, with average relative contents of 18.9%, 44.5%, 68.9%, 73.4%, and 82.9%, respectively; the samples mixed from 32 red tide algal species (the dominant species accounted for 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average correct discrimination rates of the dominant species at the level of genus were 63.3%, 74.2%, 78.8%, 83.4%, and 79.4%, respectively. For the 81 laboratory mixed samples with the dominant species accounting for 75% of the gross biomass (chlorophyll), the discrimination rates of the dominant species were 95.1% and 72.8% at the level of division and genus, respectively. For the 12 samples collected from the mesocosm experiment in Maidao Bay of Qingdao in August 2007, the dominant species of the 11 samples were recognized at the division level and the dominant species of four of the five samples in which the dominant species accounted for more than 80% of the gross biomass were discriminated at the genus level; for the 12 samples obtained from Jiaozhou Bay in August 2007, the dominant species of all the 12 samples were recognized at the division level. The technique can be directly applied to fluorescence spectrophotometers and to the developing of an in situ algae fluorescence auto-analyzer for phytoplankton population.

Green Offshore Structures Promising Viable Utilization of Shipyard Facilities

The shipbuilding industry in Europe is in crisis due to the recent economic recession and competition from countries with low labour costs. Greek shipyards have been forced to make a series of structural changes which have resulted in lower employment levels. Although these changes were gradually creating the conditions for shipyards profitably to re-enter international markets, the current economic crisis and the consequences to the shipping sector have created major problems to the shipyards employment. Perama shiprepair zone, an industrial zone mainly consisted from SMEs （small and medium enterprises） in shipbuilding and shiprepairing sector, has faced major problem for its survivability. In this article, a new approach is presented. Green offshore structures are expected to create competitive advantages in the zone and be a way to utilize available facilities and recover from the existing situation. International experience through case studies is presented followed by economic and technical feasibility for offshore windturbines construction and wave energy devices in shipyards. Finally, a general model shows that sustainable development is possible and shipyards have the adaptability and resources required tbr the production of renewable energy offshore structures.

Long-term Trend Analysis of Seasonal Precipitation for Beijing, China

A comprehensive precipitation trend and periodic analysis at the seasonal scale on a 286year data series （1724-2009） for Beijing are presented using linear regression, 11-year moving averages, Mann-Kendall test and continuous Morlet wavelet analysis. We found that in the past 300 years precipitation has increased except during winter. There were strong increasing trends after the 1780s in both summer and annual precipitation data series and the trend was significant for a longterm period. The abrupt points of summer and annual data series of precipitation are 1764 and 1768 respectively, after that, the trend changed from decreasing to increasing. It shows different periodic traits in four seasons respectively： 30–170 years, 80–95 years, 75–95 years and 55–65 years are considered to be the strongest period in spring, summer, autumn and winter. One hundred and fiftythree years, 85 years, 83 years and 59 years are the first order main periods in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The trend and period of annual precipitation are mainly impacted by rainfall in summe. According to the first main period of 85 years in both summer and annual precipitation data series, Beijing will experience a time period of less precipitation in 2009–2030.