AIM:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous ketamine-midazolam sedation during pediatric endoscopy in the Arab world.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study of all pediatric endoscopic procedures performe...AIM:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous ketamine-midazolam sedation during pediatric endoscopy in the Arab world.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study of all pediatric endoscopic procedures performed between 2002-2008 at the shared endoscopy suite of King Abdullah University Hospital,Jordan University of Science & Technology,Jordan was conducted.All children were > 1 year old and weighed > 10 kg with American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or 2.Analysis was performed in terms of sedation-related complications(desaturation,respiratory distress,apnea,bradycar-dia,cardiac arrest,emergence reactions),adequacy of sedation,need for sedation reversal,or failure to complete the procedure.RESULTS:A total of 301 patients(including 160 males) with a mean age of 9.26 years(range,1-18 years) were included.All were premedicated with atropine;and 79.4%(239/301) had effective and uneventful sedation.And 248(82.4%) of the 301 patients received a mean dose of 0.16 mg/kg(range,0.07-0.39) midazolam and 1.06 mg/kg(range,0.31-2.67) ketamine,respectively within the recommended dosage guidelines.Recommended maximum midazolam dose was exceeded in 17.6% patients [34 female(F):19 male(M),P = 0.003] and ketamine in 2.7%(3 M:5 F).Maximum midazolam dose was more likely to be exceeded than ketamine(P < 0.001).Desaturation occurred in 37(12.3%) patients,and was reversible by supplemental oxygen in all except 4 who continue to have desaturation despite supplemental oxygen.Four(1.3%) patients had respiratory distress and 6(2%) were difficult to sedate and required a 3rd sedative;12(4%) required reversal and 7(2.3%) failed to complete the procedure.None developed apnea,bradycardia,arrest,or emergence reactions.CONCLUSION:Ketamine-midazolam sedation appears safe and effective for diagnostic pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Arab world for children aged > 1 year and weighing > 10 kg without co-morbidities.展开更多
A series of new benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS,and HRMS spectra.All the new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro by a twofold serial ...A series of new benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS,and HRMS spectra.All the new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro by a twofold serial dilution technique.The bioactive evaluation showed that 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl benzimidazoles were comparably or even more strongly antibacterial and antifungal than the reference drugs Chloromycin,Norfloxacin,and Fluconazole.The combination of2,4-difluorobenzyl benzimidazole derivative 5l and its hydrochloride 7 respectively with the antibacterials Chloromycin,Norfloxacin,and the antifungal Fluconazole was more sensitive to methicillin-resistant MRSA and Fluconazole-insensitive A.flavus.In addition,the interaction of compound 5l with calf thymus DNA demonstrated that this compound could effectively intercalate into DNA to form a compound 5l-DNA complex that might block DNA replication and thereby exert good antimicrobial activity.展开更多
A novel series of benzimidazole derived naphthalimide triazoles and some corresponding triazoliums have been successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, IR and HRMS spectra. All the new...A novel series of benzimidazole derived naphthalimide triazoles and some corresponding triazoliums have been successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, IR and HRMS spectra. All the new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro by two-fold serial dilution. 2-Chlorobenzyl triazolium 8g and compound 9b with octyl group exhibited the best antibacterial activities among all the tested compounds, especially against S. aureus with inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/mL which was equipotent potency to Norfloxacin(MIC=2 μg/mL) and more active than Chloromycin(MIC=7 μg/mL). Triazoliums 8g and 8f bearing 3-fluorobenzyl moiety displayed the best antifungal activities(MIC=2-19 μg/mL) against all the tested fungal strains without being toxic to PC12 cell line within concentration of 128 μg/m L. Further investigations by fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods revealed that the compound 8g could effectively intercalate into calf thymus DNA to form the 8g-DNA complex which could block DNA replication, exerting powerful antimicrobial activities.展开更多
文摘AIM:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous ketamine-midazolam sedation during pediatric endoscopy in the Arab world.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study of all pediatric endoscopic procedures performed between 2002-2008 at the shared endoscopy suite of King Abdullah University Hospital,Jordan University of Science & Technology,Jordan was conducted.All children were > 1 year old and weighed > 10 kg with American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or 2.Analysis was performed in terms of sedation-related complications(desaturation,respiratory distress,apnea,bradycar-dia,cardiac arrest,emergence reactions),adequacy of sedation,need for sedation reversal,or failure to complete the procedure.RESULTS:A total of 301 patients(including 160 males) with a mean age of 9.26 years(range,1-18 years) were included.All were premedicated with atropine;and 79.4%(239/301) had effective and uneventful sedation.And 248(82.4%) of the 301 patients received a mean dose of 0.16 mg/kg(range,0.07-0.39) midazolam and 1.06 mg/kg(range,0.31-2.67) ketamine,respectively within the recommended dosage guidelines.Recommended maximum midazolam dose was exceeded in 17.6% patients [34 female(F):19 male(M),P = 0.003] and ketamine in 2.7%(3 M:5 F).Maximum midazolam dose was more likely to be exceeded than ketamine(P < 0.001).Desaturation occurred in 37(12.3%) patients,and was reversible by supplemental oxygen in all except 4 who continue to have desaturation despite supplemental oxygen.Four(1.3%) patients had respiratory distress and 6(2%) were difficult to sedate and required a 3rd sedative;12(4%) required reversal and 7(2.3%) failed to complete the procedure.None developed apnea,bradycardia,arrest,or emergence reactions.CONCLUSION:Ketamine-midazolam sedation appears safe and effective for diagnostic pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Arab world for children aged > 1 year and weighing > 10 kg without co-morbidities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21172181,21372186)the Research Fellowship for International Young Scientists from the International (Regional) Cooperation and Exchange Program (81250110554,81350110338,81350110523)+1 种基金the key program from Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (CSTC2012- jjB10026)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20110182110007)
文摘A series of new benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS,and HRMS spectra.All the new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro by a twofold serial dilution technique.The bioactive evaluation showed that 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl benzimidazoles were comparably or even more strongly antibacterial and antifungal than the reference drugs Chloromycin,Norfloxacin,and Fluconazole.The combination of2,4-difluorobenzyl benzimidazole derivative 5l and its hydrochloride 7 respectively with the antibacterials Chloromycin,Norfloxacin,and the antifungal Fluconazole was more sensitive to methicillin-resistant MRSA and Fluconazole-insensitive A.flavus.In addition,the interaction of compound 5l with calf thymus DNA demonstrated that this compound could effectively intercalate into DNA to form a compound 5l-DNA complex that might block DNA replication and thereby exert good antimicrobial activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21172181,21372186,81450110094)the key program from Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTC2012jj B10026)+3 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(SRFDP 20110182110007)the Doctoral Fund of Southwest University(SWU111075)the Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2013C112)Chongqing Special Foundation for Postdoctoral Research Proposal(Xm201450)
文摘A novel series of benzimidazole derived naphthalimide triazoles and some corresponding triazoliums have been successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, IR and HRMS spectra. All the new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro by two-fold serial dilution. 2-Chlorobenzyl triazolium 8g and compound 9b with octyl group exhibited the best antibacterial activities among all the tested compounds, especially against S. aureus with inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/mL which was equipotent potency to Norfloxacin(MIC=2 μg/mL) and more active than Chloromycin(MIC=7 μg/mL). Triazoliums 8g and 8f bearing 3-fluorobenzyl moiety displayed the best antifungal activities(MIC=2-19 μg/mL) against all the tested fungal strains without being toxic to PC12 cell line within concentration of 128 μg/m L. Further investigations by fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods revealed that the compound 8g could effectively intercalate into calf thymus DNA to form the 8g-DNA complex which could block DNA replication, exerting powerful antimicrobial activities.
