抗战时期小型剧的街头开放——以“桂林文化城”戏剧活动为中心

抗战时期,中国戏剧尤其是话剧更多地走出剧院的高台,走向民间的街头,走向血肉相搏的民族战场。舞台的转变、社会政治与受众的需求,促使戏剧艺术获得新的形式与生命。在此背景下,街头剧、活报剧、田间剧、报告剧、茶馆剧、游行剧、朗诵剧等新形式纷纷出现,上演戏剧的“游击战”;独幕剧大兴,以其自身的“简”“显”“短”成为戏剧演出的排头兵与冲锋队。作为抗战时期知名的文化城,桂林蓬勃发展的小型剧灵活多样。小型剧以其自身时事化、小型化、大众化的特点服务于抗战新形势的需要,并以救亡图存的巨大张力实现了家国情怀的共振。这些小型剧不但紧密配合当时的政治形势,还创造性地运用民间形式,强化现场宣传效应,呈现出抗战背景下独特的历史个性与民族化特色,体现了战时戏剧的复杂肌理与时代特质。

Constructing a Model of Digestion in a Primary School Using a Theatrical Performance

The aim of this study is to analyze the difficulties of reading and writing experienced by primary school pupils when writing a script for a theatrical performance called ＂digestion＂. Our main research questions are： how does a theatrical performance help to reconsider the scripts and to build a model of the digestive system？ The pupils were encouraged to stage a theatrical performance for the whole school, explaining the digestion of a sandwich, a glass of water, an apple and a piece of chewing gum. The play helped to develop not only knowledge but also language. Having to produce a text for two different audiences, teachers and other learners led the students to debate between using ＂academic＂ vocabulary or more everyday vocabulary. Overall we found that they were more concerned with writing ＂academic＂ scripts, influenced by the texts that they consulted, than with writing a play accessible to all audiences.