The focus of the article is on the contribution of the perspective of supply chain management （SCM） to the explanation of internationalization processes. The empirical study is based on case studies of 20 small- and...The focus of the article is on the contribution of the perspective of supply chain management （SCM） to the explanation of internationalization processes. The empirical study is based on case studies of 20 small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） with international activities from China, India, New Zealand, and Singapore. All chosen firms were founded after 1980 in order to capture retrospectively the whole globalization process of each firm. All sample firms operate their supply chains （SCs） on the basis of information and communications technology （ICT）. Depending on size, strategy, business model, industry, and mindset of the managers, firms use ICT on a range from integrating individual functional areas to integrating the whole SC through enterprise resource planning （ERP） and customer relationship management （CRM） systems.展开更多
A cognitive relay network model is proposed, which is defined by a source, a destination, a cognitive relay node and a primary user. The source is assisted by the cognitive relay node which is allowed to coexist with ...A cognitive relay network model is proposed, which is defined by a source, a destination, a cognitive relay node and a primary user. The source is assisted by the cognitive relay node which is allowed to coexist with the primary user by imposing severe constraints on the transmission power so that the quality of service of the primary user is not degraded by the interference caused by the secondary user. The effect of the cognitive relay node on the proposed cognitive relay network model is studied by evaluating the outage probability under interference power constraints for different fading environments. A relay transmission scheme, namely, decode-and-forward is considered. For both the peak and average interference power constraints, the closed-form outage expressions are derived over different channel fading models. Finally, the analytical outage probability expressions are validated through simulations. The results indicate that the proposed model has better outage probability than direct transmission. It is also found that the outage probability decreases with the increase of interference power constraints. Meanwhile, the outage probability under the average interference power constraint is much less than that under the peak interference power constraint when the average interference power constraint is equal to the peak interference power constraint.展开更多
文摘The focus of the article is on the contribution of the perspective of supply chain management （SCM） to the explanation of internationalization processes. The empirical study is based on case studies of 20 small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） with international activities from China, India, New Zealand, and Singapore. All chosen firms were founded after 1980 in order to capture retrospectively the whole globalization process of each firm. All sample firms operate their supply chains （SCs） on the basis of information and communications technology （ICT）. Depending on size, strategy, business model, industry, and mindset of the managers, firms use ICT on a range from integrating individual functional areas to integrating the whole SC through enterprise resource planning （ERP） and customer relationship management （CRM） systems.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60972039, 60905040 and 60972041 )National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2009AA01Z241)+3 种基金National Postdoctoral Research Program (No. 20090451239)Important National Science and Technology Specific Projects of China (No. 2009ZX03003-006)Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (No. NY210006)Key Teaching Reform Foundation of NUPT (No. JG00210JX01)
文摘A cognitive relay network model is proposed, which is defined by a source, a destination, a cognitive relay node and a primary user. The source is assisted by the cognitive relay node which is allowed to coexist with the primary user by imposing severe constraints on the transmission power so that the quality of service of the primary user is not degraded by the interference caused by the secondary user. The effect of the cognitive relay node on the proposed cognitive relay network model is studied by evaluating the outage probability under interference power constraints for different fading environments. A relay transmission scheme, namely, decode-and-forward is considered. For both the peak and average interference power constraints, the closed-form outage expressions are derived over different channel fading models. Finally, the analytical outage probability expressions are validated through simulations. The results indicate that the proposed model has better outage probability than direct transmission. It is also found that the outage probability decreases with the increase of interference power constraints. Meanwhile, the outage probability under the average interference power constraint is much less than that under the peak interference power constraint when the average interference power constraint is equal to the peak interference power constraint.
