AIM: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates a large number of genes involved in the inflammatory response to critical illnesses, but it is not known if and how NF-KB is activated and intercellular adhesion molecule...AIM: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates a large number of genes involved in the inflammatory response to critical illnesses, but it is not known if and how NF-KB is activated and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressed in the gut following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of current study was to investigate the temporal pattern of intestinal NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression following TBI. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (6 rats in each group) including controls with sham operation and TBI groups at hours 3, 12, 24, and 72, and on d 7. Parietal brain contusion was adopted using weight-dropping method. All rats were decapitated at corresponding time point and mid-jejunum samples were taken. NF-KB binding activity in jejunal tissue was measured using EMSA. Immunohistochemistry was used for detection of ICAM-1 expression in jejunal samples. RESULTS: There was a very low NF-κB binding activity and little ICAM-1 expression in the gut of control rats after sham surgery. NF-KB binding activity in jejunum significantly increased by 160% at 3 h following TBI (P<0.05 vs control), peaked at 72 h (500% increase) and remained elevated on d 7 post-injury by 390% increase. Compared to controls, ICAM-1 was significantly up-regulated on the endothelia of microvessels in villous interstitium and lamina propria by 24 h following TBI and maximally expressed at 72 h post-injury (P<0.001). The endothelial ICAM-1 immunoreactivity in jejunal mucosa still remained strong on d 7 post-injury. The peak of NF-κB activation and endothelial ICAM-1 expression coincided in time with the period during which secondary mucosal injury of the gut was also at their culmination following TBI. CONCLUSION: TBI could induce an immediate and persistent up-regulation of NF-κB activity and subsequent up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression in the intestine. Inflammatory response mediated by increased NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute gut mucosal injury following TBI.展开更多
Objective：To study the survival and ability of inducing axonal regeneration of the Schwann cells after the peripheral nerve being grafted into spinal cord. Methods：A total of 30 adult female Wistar rats were randoml...Objective：To study the survival and ability of inducing axonal regeneration of the Schwann cells after the peripheral nerve being grafted into spinal cord. Methods：A total of 30 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the VN （vascularized peripheral nerve） and PN （peripheral nerve） groups. A 5-mm spinal cord defect of the left posterior column was made at the T1-3 vertebral level. The defect was grafted with the vascularized or isolated peripheral nerve respectively. The survival and proliferation of the Schwann cells were assessed by histological and morphometric analysis 8 weeks after the operation. Resuits：In the VN group, the peripheral nerve grew into the cord with lots of Schwann cells survived and proliferated, and had more NF and S-100 positive fibers than in the PN group. Conclusion：The vascularized peripheral nerve enhances the survival and proliferation of the Schwann cells and prompts the regener- ation of injured axon of the central nerve system to certain degree.展开更多
Ethanol extract of mixed algae--spirogyra and ulothrix was investigated to assess the effect on some biochemical parameters in UVB irradiated mice. The dorsal-thoracic region of mice were shaved and exposed to UVB rad...Ethanol extract of mixed algae--spirogyra and ulothrix was investigated to assess the effect on some biochemical parameters in UVB irradiated mice. The dorsal-thoracic region of mice were shaved and exposed to UVB radiation for 24 h for two consecutive weeks. Five groups of ten mice each were conducted： non-irradiated control and irradiated control. Mice treated with commercial cream （S.M.） at a dose of 0.1 mg/cm2 and mice treated with ethanol extract of mixed spirogyra and ulothrix at a dose of 0.1 mg/cm2 or 0.2 mg/cm2. Topical application was performed to all treated mice groups once a day for four consecutive weeks. Results showed significant differences between treated and control groups during the whole period of experiment. The clear potentiality of the ethanol extract was detected through body and skin weight, level of total protein, Superoxide Dismutase （SOD） and Catalase （CAT） activities in skin. However, UVB irradiated mice treated with 0.2 mg/cm2 exhibited the most significant effect when compared to control groups. That may be attributed to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of algal extract.展开更多
Objective： Trauma is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among young age groups in Saudi Arabia and developed countries. This study aimed to evaluate the fall of platelet count in children with traumatic bra...Objective： Trauma is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among young age groups in Saudi Arabia and developed countries. This study aimed to evaluate the fall of platelet count in children with traumatic brain injury （TBI） as a potential predictor for clinical severity and outcome. Methods： Totally 74 patients with TBI were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit （PICU） of our hospital from the beginning of January 2008 to the end of March 2010 （27 months）. Baseline enrolling criteria were age ≤ 12 years, admission within 4 hours after trauma event, and abbreviated injury scale （AIS）〈3 for extracranial injuries. Injury severity was classified as mild, moderate and severe according to their Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS） scores. Clinical outcomes at discharge were defined as poor （death, severe neurological morbidity） and favorable （moderate disability and good recovery）. Platelet count was taken 2-3 times on the first day after admission and thereafter once daily. The percentage fall of platelet count （PFP） was calculated and taken as an index of change. PFP was considered zero if the platelet count was higher than the initial value. Results： PFP was significantly higher in patients with poor outcomes （mean 56.0%±3.8%, median 55.5%） compared to those with favorable outcomes （mean 25.3%±3.2%, median 20.5%, P〈0.01）. PFP was also closely related to the severity of TBI, GCS score, clinical outcome and length of stay for survivors （P〈0.01 for each）. The frequency of thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in poor outcome patients than in favorable outcome patients （P〈0.05）. The validity of thrombocytopenia as a risk factor to predict poor outcome after TBI was： specificity, 77.4%; odd ratio （OR）, 3.1; relative risk （RR）, 2.15. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and Youden index showed that the optimum cutoff point of PFP was at 51.5%. Conclusion： PFP is increased with the severity of TBI and it can be taken as a significant independent predicting factor for its outcome as well.展开更多
Objective: To report the clinical effects of acupuncture on alacrimia after child traumatic brain injury.Methods: One child with the alacrimia on the right eye after traumatic injury, aged 2 years and 3 months, was tr...Objective: To report the clinical effects of acupuncture on alacrimia after child traumatic brain injury.Methods: One child with the alacrimia on the right eye after traumatic injury, aged 2 years and 3 months, was treated with acupuncture. The acupoint selection: Yángbái(阳白 GB 14), Cuánzhú(攒竹 BL2), T6 ngzǐliáo(瞳子髎 GB 1), Sìbái(四白 ST 2), Yingxiāng(迎香 LI 20), Yìfēng(翳风 TE 17) and Fēngchí(风池 GB 20) on the right side, as well as bilateral Hégǔ((合谷 LI 4) and Tàichōng(太冲 LR 3). The quick needling technique was applied to GB 20, LI 4 and LR 3 and the needles were retained for 20 min in the rest acupoints. In the embedding needle therapy, one group of acupoints was selected in each treatment,(Group No.1: BL 2, Sizhúkōng(丝竹空 TE 23), ST 2 and Shàngyíngxiāng(上迎香 EX-HN 8);Group No. 2:Tàiyáng(太阳EX-HN 5), TE 17, LI 20 and GB 14)The embedding needle therapy was provided after the routine acupuncture treatment and the thumb-tack needles were embedded subcutaneously for 48 hours.The treatment with acupuncture was given once every other day. three times a week.Results: After 5 treatments, a full of tears was visible on the right eye when crying. After 10 treatments,there was a large amount of tears on the eyes and nasal discharge when crying. After 15 treatments, the lacrimal secretion and nasal secretion were normal when crying, without differences from the condition before traumatic brain injury.Conclusion: Acupuncture achieves the significant therapeutic effects on alacrimia after the child traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Objective: To explore the treating method for severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia in children.Methods: We treated 58 children with severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial...Objective: To explore the treating method for severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia in children.Methods: We treated 58 children with severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia through evacuating the hematomas, incising the tentorium but preserving the floating bone flap between January 1996 and January 2002.Results: GCS was 3-5 in 17 cases and 6-8 in 41 cases. After treatment, 46 patients ((79.30)%) recovered well, 6 ((10.30)%) suffered from mild disability, 1 ((1.72)%) suffered from severe disability, 1 ((1.72)%) was in vegetative state, and 4 ((6.90)%) died.Conclusions: Evacuating hematomas and incising tentorium can effectively treat the child patients with severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia, which can decrease the disability and mortality rates greatly, preserve the skull, exempt reoperation for cranioplasty and relieve the psychologic and physiologic burden of the child patients.展开更多
基金Supported by Scientific Research Foundation of the Chinese PLA Key Medical Programs During the 10th Five-Year Plan Period, No. 01Z011
文摘AIM: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates a large number of genes involved in the inflammatory response to critical illnesses, but it is not known if and how NF-KB is activated and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressed in the gut following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of current study was to investigate the temporal pattern of intestinal NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression following TBI. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (6 rats in each group) including controls with sham operation and TBI groups at hours 3, 12, 24, and 72, and on d 7. Parietal brain contusion was adopted using weight-dropping method. All rats were decapitated at corresponding time point and mid-jejunum samples were taken. NF-KB binding activity in jejunal tissue was measured using EMSA. Immunohistochemistry was used for detection of ICAM-1 expression in jejunal samples. RESULTS: There was a very low NF-κB binding activity and little ICAM-1 expression in the gut of control rats after sham surgery. NF-KB binding activity in jejunum significantly increased by 160% at 3 h following TBI (P<0.05 vs control), peaked at 72 h (500% increase) and remained elevated on d 7 post-injury by 390% increase. Compared to controls, ICAM-1 was significantly up-regulated on the endothelia of microvessels in villous interstitium and lamina propria by 24 h following TBI and maximally expressed at 72 h post-injury (P<0.001). The endothelial ICAM-1 immunoreactivity in jejunal mucosa still remained strong on d 7 post-injury. The peak of NF-κB activation and endothelial ICAM-1 expression coincided in time with the period during which secondary mucosal injury of the gut was also at their culmination following TBI. CONCLUSION: TBI could induce an immediate and persistent up-regulation of NF-κB activity and subsequent up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression in the intestine. Inflammatory response mediated by increased NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute gut mucosal injury following TBI.
文摘Objective：To study the survival and ability of inducing axonal regeneration of the Schwann cells after the peripheral nerve being grafted into spinal cord. Methods：A total of 30 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the VN （vascularized peripheral nerve） and PN （peripheral nerve） groups. A 5-mm spinal cord defect of the left posterior column was made at the T1-3 vertebral level. The defect was grafted with the vascularized or isolated peripheral nerve respectively. The survival and proliferation of the Schwann cells were assessed by histological and morphometric analysis 8 weeks after the operation. Resuits：In the VN group, the peripheral nerve grew into the cord with lots of Schwann cells survived and proliferated, and had more NF and S-100 positive fibers than in the PN group. Conclusion：The vascularized peripheral nerve enhances the survival and proliferation of the Schwann cells and prompts the regener- ation of injured axon of the central nerve system to certain degree.
文摘Ethanol extract of mixed algae--spirogyra and ulothrix was investigated to assess the effect on some biochemical parameters in UVB irradiated mice. The dorsal-thoracic region of mice were shaved and exposed to UVB radiation for 24 h for two consecutive weeks. Five groups of ten mice each were conducted： non-irradiated control and irradiated control. Mice treated with commercial cream （S.M.） at a dose of 0.1 mg/cm2 and mice treated with ethanol extract of mixed spirogyra and ulothrix at a dose of 0.1 mg/cm2 or 0.2 mg/cm2. Topical application was performed to all treated mice groups once a day for four consecutive weeks. Results showed significant differences between treated and control groups during the whole period of experiment. The clear potentiality of the ethanol extract was detected through body and skin weight, level of total protein, Superoxide Dismutase （SOD） and Catalase （CAT） activities in skin. However, UVB irradiated mice treated with 0.2 mg/cm2 exhibited the most significant effect when compared to control groups. That may be attributed to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of algal extract.
文摘Objective： Trauma is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among young age groups in Saudi Arabia and developed countries. This study aimed to evaluate the fall of platelet count in children with traumatic brain injury （TBI） as a potential predictor for clinical severity and outcome. Methods： Totally 74 patients with TBI were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit （PICU） of our hospital from the beginning of January 2008 to the end of March 2010 （27 months）. Baseline enrolling criteria were age ≤ 12 years, admission within 4 hours after trauma event, and abbreviated injury scale （AIS）〈3 for extracranial injuries. Injury severity was classified as mild, moderate and severe according to their Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS） scores. Clinical outcomes at discharge were defined as poor （death, severe neurological morbidity） and favorable （moderate disability and good recovery）. Platelet count was taken 2-3 times on the first day after admission and thereafter once daily. The percentage fall of platelet count （PFP） was calculated and taken as an index of change. PFP was considered zero if the platelet count was higher than the initial value. Results： PFP was significantly higher in patients with poor outcomes （mean 56.0%±3.8%, median 55.5%） compared to those with favorable outcomes （mean 25.3%±3.2%, median 20.5%, P〈0.01）. PFP was also closely related to the severity of TBI, GCS score, clinical outcome and length of stay for survivors （P〈0.01 for each）. The frequency of thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in poor outcome patients than in favorable outcome patients （P〈0.05）. The validity of thrombocytopenia as a risk factor to predict poor outcome after TBI was： specificity, 77.4%; odd ratio （OR）, 3.1; relative risk （RR）, 2.15. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and Youden index showed that the optimum cutoff point of PFP was at 51.5%. Conclusion： PFP is increased with the severity of TBI and it can be taken as a significant independent predicting factor for its outcome as well.
文摘Objective: To report the clinical effects of acupuncture on alacrimia after child traumatic brain injury.Methods: One child with the alacrimia on the right eye after traumatic injury, aged 2 years and 3 months, was treated with acupuncture. The acupoint selection: Yángbái(阳白 GB 14), Cuánzhú(攒竹 BL2), T6 ngzǐliáo(瞳子髎 GB 1), Sìbái(四白 ST 2), Yingxiāng(迎香 LI 20), Yìfēng(翳风 TE 17) and Fēngchí(风池 GB 20) on the right side, as well as bilateral Hégǔ((合谷 LI 4) and Tàichōng(太冲 LR 3). The quick needling technique was applied to GB 20, LI 4 and LR 3 and the needles were retained for 20 min in the rest acupoints. In the embedding needle therapy, one group of acupoints was selected in each treatment,(Group No.1: BL 2, Sizhúkōng(丝竹空 TE 23), ST 2 and Shàngyíngxiāng(上迎香 EX-HN 8);Group No. 2:Tàiyáng(太阳EX-HN 5), TE 17, LI 20 and GB 14)The embedding needle therapy was provided after the routine acupuncture treatment and the thumb-tack needles were embedded subcutaneously for 48 hours.The treatment with acupuncture was given once every other day. three times a week.Results: After 5 treatments, a full of tears was visible on the right eye when crying. After 10 treatments,there was a large amount of tears on the eyes and nasal discharge when crying. After 15 treatments, the lacrimal secretion and nasal secretion were normal when crying, without differences from the condition before traumatic brain injury.Conclusion: Acupuncture achieves the significant therapeutic effects on alacrimia after the child traumatic brain injury.
文摘Objective: To explore the treating method for severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia in children.Methods: We treated 58 children with severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia through evacuating the hematomas, incising the tentorium but preserving the floating bone flap between January 1996 and January 2002.Results: GCS was 3-5 in 17 cases and 6-8 in 41 cases. After treatment, 46 patients ((79.30)%) recovered well, 6 ((10.30)%) suffered from mild disability, 1 ((1.72)%) suffered from severe disability, 1 ((1.72)%) was in vegetative state, and 4 ((6.90)%) died.Conclusions: Evacuating hematomas and incising tentorium can effectively treat the child patients with severe craniocerebral trauma combined with transtentorial hernia, which can decrease the disability and mortality rates greatly, preserve the skull, exempt reoperation for cranioplasty and relieve the psychologic and physiologic burden of the child patients.
