This study aimed to probe into occurrence and development of spontaneous firings in the telencephalon neurons of Hynobius leechi . [Method] Mi-croelectrode technique was used to record extracellular spontaneous electr...This study aimed to probe into occurrence and development of spontaneous firings in the telencephalon neurons of Hynobius leechi . [Method] Mi-croelectrode technique was used to record extracellular spontaneous electrical activi-ties of the telencephalon neurons of H. leechi in occurrence and development. [Re-sult] There were three discharge types in the occurrence of telencephalon in H. leechi , with single spontaneous firing and consecutive single spontaneous firing being main-ly apparent. And among the five types in the development of telencephalon, the main discharge type was single spontaneous firing. Along with the occurrence and development of telencephalon, the extracellular discharge intensity enhanced gradual-ly, the discharge duration increased, and the spontaneous firing frequency accelerat-ed, al of which reached the maximum in the adult phase. Fol owing the process of occurrence and development, other discharge types appeared successively. [Conclu-sion] Along with the occurrence and development of the telencephalon in H. leechi , the neuronal excitability increases step by step and the neuronal electrical activities diversify gradual y.展开更多
Occurrence of extended-β-1actamase producing enterobacteriaceae （ESBLPE）, which has reduced the antibacterial efficacy and potency of many 3rd generation cephalosporins, was investigated among the primary school pu...Occurrence of extended-β-1actamase producing enterobacteriaceae （ESBLPE）, which has reduced the antibacterial efficacy and potency of many 3rd generation cephalosporins, was investigated among the primary school pupils. 88 primary school pupils in Obafemi-Owode Local Government, Southwestern Nigeria, including 49 males （55.7%） and 39 females （44,3%） （mean age 12 ± 3） were screened for ESBLPE isolates with exclusion criterion of antimicrobial use in the preceding 2 weeks either as therapy for gastro-intestinal complication or prophylaxis. ESBLPE detected include 4.5% of Eschericia coli, 2.3% of Enterobacter cloaca, 0% Proteus mirabilis, 2.3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1.1% Staphylococcus aureus and 4.5% of Klebsiella oxytoca. 10 （76.9%） of ESBLPE isolates were resistant to disc of cefuroxime （30 μg）, 8 （61.5%） susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic （20/10 lag） and low susceptibility of 7 （53.8%） was recorded for ceftazidime （30 lag）. 0% susceptibility was recorded for the ESBLPE isolates to cefuroxime MIC 〉 8 gg/mL and ampicillin MIC 〉 8 lag/mL while E, coli and E. cloca each show 50.0% and P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca show 100.0% and 75.0% susceptibility to augmentin （MIC 〈 8）. This study has shown a 14.7% proportion of the pupil to harbour ESBLPE from enteric source with increased resistant to most new generation cefuroximes. Therefore, transfer of virulent and antibiotic resistant ESBLPE could be aided by sharing feeding materials while fecal-oral route of transmission cannot be ruled out as hygiene level is very low thereby increasing emergence of virulent resistant enteric strains leading to treatment failure.展开更多
Pakistani wheat varieties are grown over a wide agro-climatic range and as such are anticipated to exhibit yield and quality differences. It is therefore necessary to investigate the nutritional status of wheat variet...Pakistani wheat varieties are grown over a wide agro-climatic range and as such are anticipated to exhibit yield and quality differences. It is therefore necessary to investigate the nutritional status of wheat varieties in terms of biochemical and physiochemical characteristics available for food and nutritional purposes in Pakistan. The result shows that wheat grains of different varieties contain a net protein level of 9.15%～10.27%, 2.15%～2.55% total fats, 1.72%～1.85% dietary fibers, 77.65×10-6～84.25×10-6 of potassium and 7.70×10-6～35.90×10-6 of sodium ions concentration, 0.24×10-6～0.84×10-6 of phosphorus, 1.44%～2.10% ash, 31.108～43.602 g of thousand grain mass (TGM) and 8.38%～9.67% moisture contents. This study is significant in providing an opportunity to explore the available wheat varieties and to further improve their nutritional excellence and also essential for setting nutritional regulations for domestic and export purposes.展开更多
Exactly how can we become a successful doctor in the future? It has been widely accepted that chasing perfection in our field of expertise alone is not enough. Here in China, doctors have the liability to do more. Chi...Exactly how can we become a successful doctor in the future? It has been widely accepted that chasing perfection in our field of expertise alone is not enough. Here in China, doctors have the liability to do more. Chinese doctors are relatively more prone to confronting difficult situations in a more complex manner. Therefore, the humanity factor in medical practice is discussed, and some essential communication skills are suggested for medical practitioners, with heartfelt anticipation for a better medical environment as well as a more pleasant Doctor-Patient relationship.展开更多
The main purpose of this article was to find out more about eating habits along with other habits, attitudes and activities of elementary school pupils. Another aim was to determine possible differences among pupils, ...The main purpose of this article was to find out more about eating habits along with other habits, attitudes and activities of elementary school pupils. Another aim was to determine possible differences among pupils, depending on their sex, age and environment. Furthermore, based on the anthropometric data （body mass and height） and age, this article was to determine the nutritional status of pupils. The research was conducted via questionnaire constructed for the needs of this specific research. Six hundred and fifty-one pupils took part in this questionnaire in a ratio of 41：59 urban/rural and 51：49 girls/boys. Most of the interviewed pupils （73.88%） have normal body mass according to their age. The share of underweight and overweight pupils is bigger among the boys. Nutritional habits differ among pupils from the urban and rural areas, but they do not differ as much among boys and girls. In addition, their nutritional habits become worse as they grow up.展开更多
Primary esophageal combined carcinoma is very rare. The authors herein report 2 cases. Case 1 was a com- bined squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carci- noma, and case 2 was a combined squamous cell carci- noma, a...Primary esophageal combined carcinoma is very rare. The authors herein report 2 cases. Case 1 was a com- bined squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carci- noma, and case 2 was a combined squamous cell carci- noma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. Case 1 was a 67-year-old man with complaints of dysphagia. Endoscopic examination revealed an ulcerated tumor in the middle esophagus, and 6 biopsies were obtained. All 6 biopsies revealed a mixture of squamous cell car- cinoma and small cell carcinoma. Both elements were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and p53 protein, and had high Ki-67 labeling. The small cell carcinoma element was positive for synaptophysin, CD56, KIT, and platelet-derived growth factor-~ （PDG- FRA）, while the squamous cell carcinoma element was not. Genetically, no mutations of K/Tand PDGFRA were recognized. The patient died of systemic carcinomato- sis 15 mo after presentation. Case 2 was a 74-year-old man presenting with dysplasia. Endoscopy revealed a polypoid tumor in the distal esophagus. Seven biopsies were taken, and 6 showed a mixture of squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. The 3 elements were positive for cytokeratins, epithe-lial membrane antigen, and p53 protein, and had high Ki-67 labeling. The adenocarcinoma element was posi- tive for mucins. The small cell carcinoma element was positive for CD56, synaptophysin, KIT, and PDGFRA, but the other elements were not. Mutations of KIT and PDGFRA were not recognized. The patient died of sys- temic carcinomatosis 7 mo after presentation. These combined carcinomas may arise from enterochromaf- fin cells or totipotential stem cell in the esophagus or transdifferentiation of one element to another. A review of the literature was performed.展开更多
Infectious conjunctivitis is no longer a common eye disease in cities and developed areas, but in remote mountainous regions of China where living conditions are relatively under-developed, the occurrence of infectiou...Infectious conjunctivitis is no longer a common eye disease in cities and developed areas, but in remote mountainous regions of China where living conditions are relatively under-developed, the occurrence of infectious conjunctivitis remains a public health issue. Here, we evaluate the ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among primary school students in the rural areas of Xunhua, Huangyuan, and Huzhu Counties in the Qinghai province of China, and report the microorganisms involved in causing infection. Of the 765 eligible primary school students, 694 participated to this study(a response rateof 90.7%), 381 boys and 313 girls, with a mean age of 7.52 years(range 7–9 years). A clinical diagnosis of infectious conjunctivitis was returned for 238 of the 694 children examined. The ratio of infectious conjunctivitis in Xunhua County(46.64%) was higher compared to that in Huangyuan(26.67%; P=0.03) and Huzhu Counties(23.61%; P=0.02). The leading cause of conjunctivitis was bacterial, followed by chlamydial and viral. Our results show that there is a high ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among rural primary school students in Qinghai province.展开更多
基金Supported by a grant from the Education Department of Liaoning Province(2011196)~~
文摘This study aimed to probe into occurrence and development of spontaneous firings in the telencephalon neurons of Hynobius leechi . [Method] Mi-croelectrode technique was used to record extracellular spontaneous electrical activi-ties of the telencephalon neurons of H. leechi in occurrence and development. [Re-sult] There were three discharge types in the occurrence of telencephalon in H. leechi , with single spontaneous firing and consecutive single spontaneous firing being main-ly apparent. And among the five types in the development of telencephalon, the main discharge type was single spontaneous firing. Along with the occurrence and development of telencephalon, the extracellular discharge intensity enhanced gradual-ly, the discharge duration increased, and the spontaneous firing frequency accelerat-ed, al of which reached the maximum in the adult phase. Fol owing the process of occurrence and development, other discharge types appeared successively. [Conclu-sion] Along with the occurrence and development of the telencephalon in H. leechi , the neuronal excitability increases step by step and the neuronal electrical activities diversify gradual y.
文摘Occurrence of extended-β-1actamase producing enterobacteriaceae （ESBLPE）, which has reduced the antibacterial efficacy and potency of many 3rd generation cephalosporins, was investigated among the primary school pupils. 88 primary school pupils in Obafemi-Owode Local Government, Southwestern Nigeria, including 49 males （55.7%） and 39 females （44,3%） （mean age 12 ± 3） were screened for ESBLPE isolates with exclusion criterion of antimicrobial use in the preceding 2 weeks either as therapy for gastro-intestinal complication or prophylaxis. ESBLPE detected include 4.5% of Eschericia coli, 2.3% of Enterobacter cloaca, 0% Proteus mirabilis, 2.3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1.1% Staphylococcus aureus and 4.5% of Klebsiella oxytoca. 10 （76.9%） of ESBLPE isolates were resistant to disc of cefuroxime （30 μg）, 8 （61.5%） susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic （20/10 lag） and low susceptibility of 7 （53.8%） was recorded for ceftazidime （30 lag）. 0% susceptibility was recorded for the ESBLPE isolates to cefuroxime MIC 〉 8 gg/mL and ampicillin MIC 〉 8 lag/mL while E, coli and E. cloca each show 50.0% and P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca show 100.0% and 75.0% susceptibility to augmentin （MIC 〈 8）. This study has shown a 14.7% proportion of the pupil to harbour ESBLPE from enteric source with increased resistant to most new generation cefuroximes. Therefore, transfer of virulent and antibiotic resistant ESBLPE could be aided by sharing feeding materials while fecal-oral route of transmission cannot be ruled out as hygiene level is very low thereby increasing emergence of virulent resistant enteric strains leading to treatment failure.
基金Project (No. HEC/FD/2007/670) supported by the Higher EducationCommission (HEC), Pakistan
文摘Pakistani wheat varieties are grown over a wide agro-climatic range and as such are anticipated to exhibit yield and quality differences. It is therefore necessary to investigate the nutritional status of wheat varieties in terms of biochemical and physiochemical characteristics available for food and nutritional purposes in Pakistan. The result shows that wheat grains of different varieties contain a net protein level of 9.15%～10.27%, 2.15%～2.55% total fats, 1.72%～1.85% dietary fibers, 77.65×10-6～84.25×10-6 of potassium and 7.70×10-6～35.90×10-6 of sodium ions concentration, 0.24×10-6～0.84×10-6 of phosphorus, 1.44%～2.10% ash, 31.108～43.602 g of thousand grain mass (TGM) and 8.38%～9.67% moisture contents. This study is significant in providing an opportunity to explore the available wheat varieties and to further improve their nutritional excellence and also essential for setting nutritional regulations for domestic and export purposes.
文摘Exactly how can we become a successful doctor in the future? It has been widely accepted that chasing perfection in our field of expertise alone is not enough. Here in China, doctors have the liability to do more. Chinese doctors are relatively more prone to confronting difficult situations in a more complex manner. Therefore, the humanity factor in medical practice is discussed, and some essential communication skills are suggested for medical practitioners, with heartfelt anticipation for a better medical environment as well as a more pleasant Doctor-Patient relationship.
文摘The main purpose of this article was to find out more about eating habits along with other habits, attitudes and activities of elementary school pupils. Another aim was to determine possible differences among pupils, depending on their sex, age and environment. Furthermore, based on the anthropometric data （body mass and height） and age, this article was to determine the nutritional status of pupils. The research was conducted via questionnaire constructed for the needs of this specific research. Six hundred and fifty-one pupils took part in this questionnaire in a ratio of 41：59 urban/rural and 51：49 girls/boys. Most of the interviewed pupils （73.88%） have normal body mass according to their age. The share of underweight and overweight pupils is bigger among the boys. Nutritional habits differ among pupils from the urban and rural areas, but they do not differ as much among boys and girls. In addition, their nutritional habits become worse as they grow up.
文摘Primary esophageal combined carcinoma is very rare. The authors herein report 2 cases. Case 1 was a com- bined squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carci- noma, and case 2 was a combined squamous cell carci- noma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. Case 1 was a 67-year-old man with complaints of dysphagia. Endoscopic examination revealed an ulcerated tumor in the middle esophagus, and 6 biopsies were obtained. All 6 biopsies revealed a mixture of squamous cell car- cinoma and small cell carcinoma. Both elements were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and p53 protein, and had high Ki-67 labeling. The small cell carcinoma element was positive for synaptophysin, CD56, KIT, and platelet-derived growth factor-~ （PDG- FRA）, while the squamous cell carcinoma element was not. Genetically, no mutations of K/Tand PDGFRA were recognized. The patient died of systemic carcinomato- sis 15 mo after presentation. Case 2 was a 74-year-old man presenting with dysplasia. Endoscopy revealed a polypoid tumor in the distal esophagus. Seven biopsies were taken, and 6 showed a mixture of squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. The 3 elements were positive for cytokeratins, epithe-lial membrane antigen, and p53 protein, and had high Ki-67 labeling. The adenocarcinoma element was posi- tive for mucins. The small cell carcinoma element was positive for CD56, synaptophysin, KIT, and PDGFRA, but the other elements were not. Mutations of KIT and PDGFRA were not recognized. The patient died of sys- temic carcinomatosis 7 mo after presentation. These combined carcinomas may arise from enterochromaf- fin cells or totipotential stem cell in the esophagus or transdifferentiation of one element to another. A review of the literature was performed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81470607)
文摘Infectious conjunctivitis is no longer a common eye disease in cities and developed areas, but in remote mountainous regions of China where living conditions are relatively under-developed, the occurrence of infectious conjunctivitis remains a public health issue. Here, we evaluate the ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among primary school students in the rural areas of Xunhua, Huangyuan, and Huzhu Counties in the Qinghai province of China, and report the microorganisms involved in causing infection. Of the 765 eligible primary school students, 694 participated to this study(a response rateof 90.7%), 381 boys and 313 girls, with a mean age of 7.52 years(range 7–9 years). A clinical diagnosis of infectious conjunctivitis was returned for 238 of the 694 children examined. The ratio of infectious conjunctivitis in Xunhua County(46.64%) was higher compared to that in Huangyuan(26.67%; P=0.03) and Huzhu Counties(23.61%; P=0.02). The leading cause of conjunctivitis was bacterial, followed by chlamydial and viral. Our results show that there is a high ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among rural primary school students in Qinghai province.
