The sex pheromone blend of a China strain of the black cutworm moth Agrotis ypsilon （Rottemberg） （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） was investigated. Chemical analysis of pheromone gland extracts of 3-day-old females showe...The sex pheromone blend of a China strain of the black cutworm moth Agrotis ypsilon （Rottemberg） （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） was investigated. Chemical analysis of pheromone gland extracts of 3-day-old females showed that individual isolated glands contained only very small amounts of pheromone. The high-resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis showed the presence of Cis-7-dodecenyl acetate （Z7-12：Ac, A）, Cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate （Z9-14：Ac, B）, Cis- 11-hexadecenyl acetate （Z 11 - 16 ：Ac, C）, Cis-8-dodecenyl acetate （Z8-12：Ac, E） and Cis-5-decenyl acetate （Z5-10：Ac, D） in biologically active pheromone gland extracts. An extract of one gland from a day 3 female gave the following values for the gland components： 0.245±0.098ng for Z7-12：Ac, 0.080±0.031ng for Z9-14：Ac, 0.089±0.033ng for Z11-16：Ac, 0.085±0.031ng for Z5-10：Ac, 0.105±0.065ng for Z8-12：Ac per female. The percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac, Z11-16：Ac, Z5-10：Ac and ZS-12：Ac in pheromone gland extracts from individual females were （meaniSE） 40.451±13.66, 13.176±5.279, 14.943±5.142, 14.392±6.10 and 17.225±9.792 respectively, and the percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac and Z11-16：Ac were 58.75±9.429, 18.91±7.539 and 22.34±7.209. Field trials indicated that each single component of sex pheromone was non-effective and captured no males. The lures baited with duality compound of AB （3 ： 1） had a certain attraction to males, the mean captured number was 2.6. The attraction ability of the lures baited with ternary compound of ABC （3 ： 1 ：1） to males added significantly, the mean captured number per trap was 7.40, which was 2.8 times of duality compound of AB （3 ： 1）. The contents of sex pheromone could obviously affect its capture ability to males, the mean captured number was the highest at the dosage of 200 μg.展开更多
Rats have been the primary model to study the process and underlying mechanisms of recovery after spinal cord injury. Two weeks after a severe spinal cord contusion, rats can regain weight-bearing abilities without th...Rats have been the primary model to study the process and underlying mechanisms of recovery after spinal cord injury. Two weeks after a severe spinal cord contusion, rats can regain weight-bearing abilities without therapeutic interventions, as assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scale. However, many human patients suffer from permanent loss of motor function following spinal cord injury. While rats are the most understood animal model, major differences in sensorimotor pathways between quadrupeds and bipeds need to be considered. Understanding the major differences between the sensorimotor pathways of rats, non-human primates, and humans is a start to improving targets for treatments of human spinal cord injury. This review will discuss the neuroplasticity of the brain and spinal cord after spinal cord injury in rats, non-human primates, and humans. A brief overview of emerging interventions to induce plasticity in humans with spinal cord injury will also be discussed.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of weekly dose docetaxel monotherapy schedule in elderly with advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： 28 patients aged over 65 with advanc...Objective： To investigate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of weekly dose docetaxel monotherapy schedule in elderly with advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： 28 patients aged over 65 with advanced NSCLC were received with docetaxel （Aisu） 35 mg/m^2 on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days. A clinical evaluation on effectiveness, quality of life and toxicities was performed. Results： 28 patients were given 86 cycles＇ chemotherapy altogether. The overall response rate was 35.7% （10/28）. The clinical beneficial rate was 64.3% （18/28）. Mean KPS was increased from 75.5 at baseline to 87.7 after chemotherapy （P 〈 0.01）; lung cancer symptom scale （LCSS） scores of cough, hemoptysis, chest pain and dyspnea were increased from 64, 65, 62 and 65 to 90, 92, 87 and 88, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. The median time to progression （TTP） was 5.3 months; median survival time （MST） was 8.5 months. The main toxicities were fatigue, leukopenia and decrease of hemoglobin with well tolerance. Conclusion： Weekly dose docetaxel monotherapy schedule is a feasible, well-tolerated, and active scheme in the treatment of the elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.展开更多
Being distinguished from many greatest American writers, Hemingway is noted as an iron man and his powerful philosophy： “Man can be destroyed, but not defeated”. Among all his works, The Old Man and the Sea is cons...Being distinguished from many greatest American writers, Hemingway is noted as an iron man and his powerful philosophy： “Man can be destroyed, but not defeated”. Among all his works, The Old Man and the Sea is considered to be the masterpiece of Hemingway＇s works and the one that best demonstrates this powerful philosophy. And The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel about an old Cuban fisherman Santiago and his battle with a great marlin. In his masterpiece, Hemingway portrays Santiago with every dominant and strong characteristic, which is the prototype of an iron man. This is one of the basic characteristics of the novel which gives Ernest Hemingway great honor and makes him become one of the authors who define American literature. The Old Man and the Sea is the one that best represents American social life on the period Hemingway lived. In this short novel, a lot of facts are used. Most of the facts come from Hemingway＇s own experience. Reading up the masterpiece, it is evident that the story and the hero are the self-portray of the author himself. With the real life and the literary world perfectly combined, we read Hemingway＇s and we read through Hemingway and his inner world.展开更多
This article is based on research on pre-service teachers＇ perspectives on their mathematics knowledge of proof in geometry. The study was framed using tile mathematical knowledge for teaching framework. This qualita...This article is based on research on pre-service teachers＇ perspectives on their mathematics knowledge of proof in geometry. The study was framed using tile mathematical knowledge for teaching framework. This qualitative study employed the use of a task-based worksheet, focus group sessions and semi-structured individual interviews. The task-based worksheet was completed by 180 pre-service mathematics teachers （second, third and fourth year mathematics education students）. Pre-service mathematics teachers are student teachers who have not yet completed their training to become teachers. After the analysis of the task-based worksheet, 20 participants were invited to participate in focus group sessions and individual interviews. The findings of the study reveal that the participants possess peripheral mathematics knowledge of proof in geometry. The study aims at assisting pre-service teachers and interested educationists to explore innovative methods of acquiring and imparting mathematics knowledge of proof in geometry. The study proposes possible changes in curriculum at school and university level.展开更多
Objective：To observe the effect of acupuncture on the expression of mitochondrial proteome in hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone g （SAMPg） mice models with Alzheimer disease （AD）,and to explore the...Objective：To observe the effect of acupuncture on the expression of mitochondrial proteome in hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone g （SAMPg） mice models with Alzheimer disease （AD）,and to explore the possible protective mechanism of acupuncture on mitochondria.Methods：Sixty 6-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into an acupuncture at acupoint group,an acupuncture at non-acupoint group and a model group,20 mice in each group.The 20 male senescence-accelerated mouse/resistance 1 （SAMR1） mice of the same age were used as a normal control group.Shenshu （BL 23）,Baihui （GV 20）,Xuehai （SP 10） and Geshu （BL 17） were selected for acupuncture intervention in acupuncture at acupoint group.After an 8-week intervention,mitochondrial tissues were extracted from the hippocampus.Differentially expressed proteins were identified by subcellular organelle proteomics.Western blot was used to verify the expressions of some related proteins in hippocampal mitochondria.Results：Compared with the model group,there were 13 differentially expressed protein spots in the acupuncture at acupoint group,of which,9 were up-regulated,including neurofilament light polypeptide （NFL）,actin （cytoplasmic 1,database ID：ACTB）,tubulin beta-2A chain （TBB2A）,tropomodulin-2 （TMOD2）,pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta （PDHE1-β）,NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit （database ID：NDUS1）,heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein （HSC71）,pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha （PDHE1-α） and ATP synthase beta subunit （ATP-β）;4 were down-regulated,including glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）,pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 （PDP1）,mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit alpha （MMP-α） and adenosine kinase （ADK）.According to the information provided in the protein database,most of the differentially expressed proteins involve the regulation of mitochondrial function and structure.The expression levels of NFL and TBB2A in the normal control group and the acupuncture at acupoint group were significantly higher than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group （P〈0.05）.ATP-β and NDUS1 expression levels were significantly higher in the acupuncture at acupoint group than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group （P〈0.05）;there was no significant difference between the acupuncture at non-acupoint group and the model group （P〉0.05）.Conclusion：Acupuncture may achieve the potential therapeutic effect on AD by regulating the structure and functional proteins of hippocampal mitochondria.展开更多
When a liquid is supercooled,its structural equilibration timeτeqincreases sharply approaching the glass transition temperature Tg,below which it is kinetically arrested in the out of equilibrium glassy state.Upon an...When a liquid is supercooled,its structural equilibration timeτeqincreases sharply approaching the glass transition temperature Tg,below which it is kinetically arrested in the out of equilibrium glassy state.Upon annealing below Tg,such glassy state relaxes toward the equilibrium state.There is growing evidence that such relaxation process is quite complex,influenced by the complexity of the potential energy landscape.Here we report the observation of a hierarchical aging pathway in the process of the glass-to-supercooled liquid transition in various molecular glass forming systems.Differential scanning calorimetry reveals that the glassy state upon annealing below Tgfirstly enters a transient metastable supercooled liquid state with slightly higher enthalpies than that of the equilibrium supercooled liquid state when extrapolated to below Tg.This observation is also confirmed by structural measurements via Raman scattering.The dynamics of the transient metastable-to-stable supercooled liquid transition exhibits characteristics of thermodynamic transition at spinodal temperature Tspslightly above Tg,leading to anomalous behaviors such as the appearance of a transition-like behavior in the plot of fragility measurements.These observations imply that the free energy landscape of the supercooled liquid develops complexity with qualitative changes approaching Tgand could have strong influence on the process of the glass transition.展开更多
基金Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Province (2006-2048)
文摘The sex pheromone blend of a China strain of the black cutworm moth Agrotis ypsilon （Rottemberg） （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） was investigated. Chemical analysis of pheromone gland extracts of 3-day-old females showed that individual isolated glands contained only very small amounts of pheromone. The high-resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis showed the presence of Cis-7-dodecenyl acetate （Z7-12：Ac, A）, Cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate （Z9-14：Ac, B）, Cis- 11-hexadecenyl acetate （Z 11 - 16 ：Ac, C）, Cis-8-dodecenyl acetate （Z8-12：Ac, E） and Cis-5-decenyl acetate （Z5-10：Ac, D） in biologically active pheromone gland extracts. An extract of one gland from a day 3 female gave the following values for the gland components： 0.245±0.098ng for Z7-12：Ac, 0.080±0.031ng for Z9-14：Ac, 0.089±0.033ng for Z11-16：Ac, 0.085±0.031ng for Z5-10：Ac, 0.105±0.065ng for Z8-12：Ac per female. The percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac, Z11-16：Ac, Z5-10：Ac and ZS-12：Ac in pheromone gland extracts from individual females were （meaniSE） 40.451±13.66, 13.176±5.279, 14.943±5.142, 14.392±6.10 and 17.225±9.792 respectively, and the percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac and Z11-16：Ac were 58.75±9.429, 18.91±7.539 and 22.34±7.209. Field trials indicated that each single component of sex pheromone was non-effective and captured no males. The lures baited with duality compound of AB （3 ： 1） had a certain attraction to males, the mean captured number was 2.6. The attraction ability of the lures baited with ternary compound of ABC （3 ： 1 ：1） to males added significantly, the mean captured number per trap was 7.40, which was 2.8 times of duality compound of AB （3 ： 1）. The contents of sex pheromone could obviously affect its capture ability to males, the mean captured number was the highest at the dosage of 200 μg.
文摘Rats have been the primary model to study the process and underlying mechanisms of recovery after spinal cord injury. Two weeks after a severe spinal cord contusion, rats can regain weight-bearing abilities without therapeutic interventions, as assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scale. However, many human patients suffer from permanent loss of motor function following spinal cord injury. While rats are the most understood animal model, major differences in sensorimotor pathways between quadrupeds and bipeds need to be considered. Understanding the major differences between the sensorimotor pathways of rats, non-human primates, and humans is a start to improving targets for treatments of human spinal cord injury. This review will discuss the neuroplasticity of the brain and spinal cord after spinal cord injury in rats, non-human primates, and humans. A brief overview of emerging interventions to induce plasticity in humans with spinal cord injury will also be discussed.
文摘Objective： To investigate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of weekly dose docetaxel monotherapy schedule in elderly with advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： 28 patients aged over 65 with advanced NSCLC were received with docetaxel （Aisu） 35 mg/m^2 on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days. A clinical evaluation on effectiveness, quality of life and toxicities was performed. Results： 28 patients were given 86 cycles＇ chemotherapy altogether. The overall response rate was 35.7% （10/28）. The clinical beneficial rate was 64.3% （18/28）. Mean KPS was increased from 75.5 at baseline to 87.7 after chemotherapy （P 〈 0.01）; lung cancer symptom scale （LCSS） scores of cough, hemoptysis, chest pain and dyspnea were increased from 64, 65, 62 and 65 to 90, 92, 87 and 88, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. The median time to progression （TTP） was 5.3 months; median survival time （MST） was 8.5 months. The main toxicities were fatigue, leukopenia and decrease of hemoglobin with well tolerance. Conclusion： Weekly dose docetaxel monotherapy schedule is a feasible, well-tolerated, and active scheme in the treatment of the elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.
文摘Being distinguished from many greatest American writers, Hemingway is noted as an iron man and his powerful philosophy： “Man can be destroyed, but not defeated”. Among all his works, The Old Man and the Sea is considered to be the masterpiece of Hemingway＇s works and the one that best demonstrates this powerful philosophy. And The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel about an old Cuban fisherman Santiago and his battle with a great marlin. In his masterpiece, Hemingway portrays Santiago with every dominant and strong characteristic, which is the prototype of an iron man. This is one of the basic characteristics of the novel which gives Ernest Hemingway great honor and makes him become one of the authors who define American literature. The Old Man and the Sea is the one that best represents American social life on the period Hemingway lived. In this short novel, a lot of facts are used. Most of the facts come from Hemingway＇s own experience. Reading up the masterpiece, it is evident that the story and the hero are the self-portray of the author himself. With the real life and the literary world perfectly combined, we read Hemingway＇s and we read through Hemingway and his inner world.
文摘This article is based on research on pre-service teachers＇ perspectives on their mathematics knowledge of proof in geometry. The study was framed using tile mathematical knowledge for teaching framework. This qualitative study employed the use of a task-based worksheet, focus group sessions and semi-structured individual interviews. The task-based worksheet was completed by 180 pre-service mathematics teachers （second, third and fourth year mathematics education students）. Pre-service mathematics teachers are student teachers who have not yet completed their training to become teachers. After the analysis of the task-based worksheet, 20 participants were invited to participate in focus group sessions and individual interviews. The findings of the study reveal that the participants possess peripheral mathematics knowledge of proof in geometry. The study aims at assisting pre-service teachers and interested educationists to explore innovative methods of acquiring and imparting mathematics knowledge of proof in geometry. The study proposes possible changes in curriculum at school and university level.
文摘Objective：To observe the effect of acupuncture on the expression of mitochondrial proteome in hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone g （SAMPg） mice models with Alzheimer disease （AD）,and to explore the possible protective mechanism of acupuncture on mitochondria.Methods：Sixty 6-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into an acupuncture at acupoint group,an acupuncture at non-acupoint group and a model group,20 mice in each group.The 20 male senescence-accelerated mouse/resistance 1 （SAMR1） mice of the same age were used as a normal control group.Shenshu （BL 23）,Baihui （GV 20）,Xuehai （SP 10） and Geshu （BL 17） were selected for acupuncture intervention in acupuncture at acupoint group.After an 8-week intervention,mitochondrial tissues were extracted from the hippocampus.Differentially expressed proteins were identified by subcellular organelle proteomics.Western blot was used to verify the expressions of some related proteins in hippocampal mitochondria.Results：Compared with the model group,there were 13 differentially expressed protein spots in the acupuncture at acupoint group,of which,9 were up-regulated,including neurofilament light polypeptide （NFL）,actin （cytoplasmic 1,database ID：ACTB）,tubulin beta-2A chain （TBB2A）,tropomodulin-2 （TMOD2）,pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta （PDHE1-β）,NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit （database ID：NDUS1）,heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein （HSC71）,pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha （PDHE1-α） and ATP synthase beta subunit （ATP-β）;4 were down-regulated,including glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）,pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 （PDP1）,mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit alpha （MMP-α） and adenosine kinase （ADK）.According to the information provided in the protein database,most of the differentially expressed proteins involve the regulation of mitochondrial function and structure.The expression levels of NFL and TBB2A in the normal control group and the acupuncture at acupoint group were significantly higher than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group （P〈0.05）.ATP-β and NDUS1 expression levels were significantly higher in the acupuncture at acupoint group than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group （P〈0.05）;there was no significant difference between the acupuncture at non-acupoint group and the model group （P〉0.05）.Conclusion：Acupuncture may achieve the potential therapeutic effect on AD by regulating the structure and functional proteins of hippocampal mitochondria.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB856801)
文摘When a liquid is supercooled,its structural equilibration timeτeqincreases sharply approaching the glass transition temperature Tg,below which it is kinetically arrested in the out of equilibrium glassy state.Upon annealing below Tg,such glassy state relaxes toward the equilibrium state.There is growing evidence that such relaxation process is quite complex,influenced by the complexity of the potential energy landscape.Here we report the observation of a hierarchical aging pathway in the process of the glass-to-supercooled liquid transition in various molecular glass forming systems.Differential scanning calorimetry reveals that the glassy state upon annealing below Tgfirstly enters a transient metastable supercooled liquid state with slightly higher enthalpies than that of the equilibrium supercooled liquid state when extrapolated to below Tg.This observation is also confirmed by structural measurements via Raman scattering.The dynamics of the transient metastable-to-stable supercooled liquid transition exhibits characteristics of thermodynamic transition at spinodal temperature Tspslightly above Tg,leading to anomalous behaviors such as the appearance of a transition-like behavior in the plot of fragility measurements.These observations imply that the free energy landscape of the supercooled liquid develops complexity with qualitative changes approaching Tgand could have strong influence on the process of the glass transition.
