Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its tr...Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Small RNAs play regulatory roles in the growth and development process of plants at the core of gene regulatory networks, which has been widely studied and confirmed in sporophyte generation of plants. However, few researches have been conducted on small RNAs and gametophyte generation. It is reported that small RNAs play important roles in floral organ development, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development of plants. In addition, various small RNAs also play roles in controlling genetic integrity, cell differentiation and functions during the sexual reproduction process of plants. However, most of the specific functions of small RNAs in the sexual reproduction process are unknown yet. This study mainly aimed to introduce small RNAs in plants, summarize the latest advances in researches of small RNAs and plant sexual reproduction, and make prospect on its future.展开更多
This research aims to produce Arabic bread enriched with iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and protein by the addition of ingredients such as parsley powder, oats, grape seeds, soybean meal, wheat germ, and milk powder. I...This research aims to produce Arabic bread enriched with iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and protein by the addition of ingredients such as parsley powder, oats, grape seeds, soybean meal, wheat germ, and milk powder. In this study, for enriched bread samples sensory evaluation, chemical and mineral composition determination and microbiological tests were carried out. The sensory evaluation of breads showed that both mixtures, which were enriched with grape seeds, oats, and wheat germs, have excellent quality. The chemical tests showed that the enriched breads have high fat, ash, fiber, and protein when compared with normal Arabic bread. It was noticed that the consumption of three enriched Arabic bread loaves gives us about 78.9% from our daily need of zinc, whereas the unenriched bread gives us only 48.8%, about 82.2% from our daily needs of copper, whereas the normal bread gives us only 58.8%, and 93.9% from our daily need of iron, whereas the normal bread gives us only 71.2%.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the estrogenic efficacy of Renshen(Radix Ginseng)(GS) on reproductive target tissues in immature mice.METHODS: One hundred and ten female immature Kunming(KM) mice, 21-day-old, were randomly ass...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the estrogenic efficacy of Renshen(Radix Ginseng)(GS) on reproductive target tissues in immature mice.METHODS: One hundred and ten female immature Kunming(KM) mice, 21-day-old, were randomly assigned to eleven groups, 10 for each; one served as control group treated with 0.154 mg/kg estradiol valerate(EV,n = 10), the rest were treated respectively with GS intragastrically at a daily dose of 0.5,1.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 18.0, 24.0 and 30.0 g/kg(n =10 in per group) for 7 days. The estrous cycle, uterine weight, hormone levels in circulation and histomorphology changes of uterus and vagina were scrupulously examined. The estrogen receptor(ER)α and ERβ expressions in the uterus and vagina were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting.RESULTS: Treatment with GS at the dose of 12.0,18.0 and 24.0 g/kg resulted significant estrogenic activity in the mice, as indicated by advanced and prolonged estrous stage and increased uterine weight(all P < 0.05). GS treatment substantially promoted development of reproductive tissue by thickening the uterine endometrium and increasing vaginal epithelial layers. In addition, treatment with GS induced significant up-regulation of ERαand ERβ expressions in reproductive tissues, and ERα up-regulation was stronger than that of ERβ.GS could raise levels of circulating estrogen, simultaneously decrease levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone(all P < 0.001)compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that GS had estrogenic effect on reproductive tissues in immature mice by stimulating biosynthesis of estrogen in circulation and up-regulating ERs.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30971986)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20110182110013)Doctoral Fund of Southwestern University(SWU111016)~~
文摘Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Small RNAs play regulatory roles in the growth and development process of plants at the core of gene regulatory networks, which has been widely studied and confirmed in sporophyte generation of plants. However, few researches have been conducted on small RNAs and gametophyte generation. It is reported that small RNAs play important roles in floral organ development, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development of plants. In addition, various small RNAs also play roles in controlling genetic integrity, cell differentiation and functions during the sexual reproduction process of plants. However, most of the specific functions of small RNAs in the sexual reproduction process are unknown yet. This study mainly aimed to introduce small RNAs in plants, summarize the latest advances in researches of small RNAs and plant sexual reproduction, and make prospect on its future.
文摘This research aims to produce Arabic bread enriched with iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and protein by the addition of ingredients such as parsley powder, oats, grape seeds, soybean meal, wheat germ, and milk powder. In this study, for enriched bread samples sensory evaluation, chemical and mineral composition determination and microbiological tests were carried out. The sensory evaluation of breads showed that both mixtures, which were enriched with grape seeds, oats, and wheat germs, have excellent quality. The chemical tests showed that the enriched breads have high fat, ash, fiber, and protein when compared with normal Arabic bread. It was noticed that the consumption of three enriched Arabic bread loaves gives us about 78.9% from our daily need of zinc, whereas the unenriched bread gives us only 48.8%, about 82.2% from our daily needs of copper, whereas the normal bread gives us only 58.8%, and 93.9% from our daily need of iron, whereas the normal bread gives us only 71.2%.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Basic Research of the Eighteen Against Compatibility Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2011CB505300,Research of the Eighteen Against Compatibility Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Prejudiced Treatment,No.2011CB505305)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the estrogenic efficacy of Renshen(Radix Ginseng)(GS) on reproductive target tissues in immature mice.METHODS: One hundred and ten female immature Kunming(KM) mice, 21-day-old, were randomly assigned to eleven groups, 10 for each; one served as control group treated with 0.154 mg/kg estradiol valerate(EV,n = 10), the rest were treated respectively with GS intragastrically at a daily dose of 0.5,1.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 18.0, 24.0 and 30.0 g/kg(n =10 in per group) for 7 days. The estrous cycle, uterine weight, hormone levels in circulation and histomorphology changes of uterus and vagina were scrupulously examined. The estrogen receptor(ER)α and ERβ expressions in the uterus and vagina were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting.RESULTS: Treatment with GS at the dose of 12.0,18.0 and 24.0 g/kg resulted significant estrogenic activity in the mice, as indicated by advanced and prolonged estrous stage and increased uterine weight(all P < 0.05). GS treatment substantially promoted development of reproductive tissue by thickening the uterine endometrium and increasing vaginal epithelial layers. In addition, treatment with GS induced significant up-regulation of ERαand ERβ expressions in reproductive tissues, and ERα up-regulation was stronger than that of ERβ.GS could raise levels of circulating estrogen, simultaneously decrease levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone(all P < 0.001)compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that GS had estrogenic effect on reproductive tissues in immature mice by stimulating biosynthesis of estrogen in circulation and up-regulating ERs.
