[Objective]The aim was to study the response mechanism of drought stress of wheat varieties in different drought-resistance species,and protect the effect of exogenous NO on oxidative damage and photosynthetic apparat...[Objective]The aim was to study the response mechanism of drought stress of wheat varieties in different drought-resistance species,and protect the effect of exogenous NO on oxidative damage and photosynthetic apparatus of wheat leaves under drought stress.[Method]Using low-resistance Yumai 949 and high-resistance Xiamai 5 as test materials,drought stress was carried out to seedlings in five-leaf stage with 15% PEG-6000,and then NO（0.75 mmol/L SNP,sodium nitroprusside,exogenous NO donor） was used for regulation in drought condition,and antioxidant and photosynthetic activities was determined.Three treatments were set in the experiment.[Result]SOD,CAT and APX activities of high resistance Xiamai 5 were much higher than low resistance Yumai 949,so were MDA and chlorophyll content.And the change range of these physiological indexes of high resistance species was smaller than high-yielding and low resistance species under drought stress.NO increased the adaptation to drought stress of these physiological indexes significantly.[Conclusion]Exogenous NO could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes of wheat leaves under drought stress,and enhance the drought resistance of wheat.展开更多
In order to study the change laws of cold tolerance in wheat under drought stress, 11 wheat varieties planted in Huang-Huai wheat area and one variety representative in middle-lower Yangtze River wheat area were selec...In order to study the change laws of cold tolerance in wheat under drought stress, 11 wheat varieties planted in Huang-Huai wheat area and one variety representative in middle-lower Yangtze River wheat area were selected, and the their change laws of cold tolerance under normal moisture condition and drought stress condition. The results showed that under drought condition, the cold tolerance of wheat in various growth stages was remarkably lower than that under nondrought condition, and the decreasing amplitudes were the largest in overwintering stage with an average of 4.91 ℃, the smallest in regreening stage, and in the middle in the jointing stage. Under non-drought condition, the cold tolerance of semi- winter varieties in various growth stages was better than that of spring varieties, there were significant differences between different varieties, and the cold tolerance of all varieties in overwintering stage was improved compared with before winter, and rapidly decreased after overwintering. Semiwinter varieties showed cold tolerance remarkably enhanced in overwintering stage, and the cold tolerance of spring varieties was also improved to a certain degree.展开更多
The average rainfall in whole growth period of winter wheat to plus or minus several times of sample variance was used to define different grades of drought.The reduction rate of production in meteorological which was...The average rainfall in whole growth period of winter wheat to plus or minus several times of sample variance was used to define different grades of drought.The reduction rate of production in meteorological which was equal to or greater than the rate of 3% was taken as standards to define wheat drought disaster years.The average reduction ratio of production in the wheat drought years in Hebei-Shandong-Henan was calculated.The frequency distribution rule of wheat in different drought disaster strength of winter wheat in Hebei-Shandong-Henan was analyzed.According to the conception and calculation method of drought disaster risk index of winter wheat,the regional distribution law of drought disaster risk index of winter wheat was analyzed.The division technical methods of winter wheat drought disaster risk zones in Hebei-Shandong-Henan under the irrigated conditions were put forward.Taking the average reduction rate of production in drought years,drought disaster risk index and precipitation of winter wheat in growth periods as indices,using the statistical analysis and overlay function of GIS,the production reduction risk of winter wheat caused by drought disaster in winter wheat zones of Hebei-Shandong-Henan was divided and evaluated.The risk evaluation of production reduction of winter wheat in different risk zones under different climate conditions was realized.The disaster prevention and mitigation measures of winter wheat drought were given.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of seaweed bio-or- ganic fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. [Method] Seaweed bio-organic fertilizer was applied to leaves of winter wheat according...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of seaweed bio-or- ganic fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. [Method] Seaweed bio-organic fertilizer was applied to leaves of winter wheat according to the dose of 45 kg/hm^2 from jointing stage to maturing stage, and plant height, dry matter accumulation, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated. [Result] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer showed little effect on plant height of winter wheat, thickened stems, promoted dry matter accumulation, in- creased flag leaf photosynthetic rate by 3.16%, and increased yield of winter wheat by 6.85%. [Conclusion] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the intelligent growth, thickened the stems, improved the lodging resistance, significantly increased the panicle weight per plant, and increased the bulk density of winter wheat, as well as improving the physical quality of wheat grain. In addition, foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll and mitigated the decomposition of chlorophyll in winter wheat. Under the background of fertilizer-pesticide double reduction, the test results and data of this study can be promoted in the wheat-growing areas of Shandong Province and even whole China.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study on the chlorella resistance to dehydration conditions and effect of different cryoprotecants on drying of chlorella cells.[Method]The protection effect of seven kinds of cryoprotecants...[Objective] The aim was to study on the chlorella resistance to dehydration conditions and effect of different cryoprotecants on drying of chlorella cells.[Method]The protection effect of seven kinds of cryoprotecants on chlorella cells was analyzed.[Result]The protection effect of trehalose on chlorella cells was the best,and the survival rate of chlorella cells had improved by 50% with the applied trehalose concentration of 5%.[Conclusion]The result in this study had important guidance effect on the mutation breeding of chlorella.展开更多
Whole_growing season pot experiments were conducted to examine the response of growth and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gaoyuan 602) to CO 2 enrichment. Wheat plants wer...Whole_growing season pot experiments were conducted to examine the response of growth and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gaoyuan 602) to CO 2 enrichment. Wheat plants were grown in open_top chambers (OTCs) subject to two concentrations of CO 2 ()(350 and 700 μL/L, hereafter 'ambient' and 'elevated' respectively) and three soil water levels (80%, 60% and 40% field water capacity ( FWC ), hereafter 'high soil moisture', 'medium soil moisture' and 'low soil moisture' respectively). Elevated CO 2 greatly increased leaf net photosynthesis ( Pn ) at all three soil water levels. The Pn of plants growing under elevated was 22% lower than that of plants growing at ambient when measured with the same (700 μL/L). Plant growth was enhanced by elevated throughout the growing season, with an increase of 14.8% in shoot dry weight at harvest under high soil moisture, and leaf area was increased by about 20% at all three soil water levels. Elevated in combination with high soil moisture increased the ratio of plant shoot dry weight to height by 15.7%, while this ratio was decreased by over 50% when plants were subject to drought. Elevated also increased the water use efficiency of wheat, mainly due to decreases in transpiration and cumulative consumption of water, and an increase in shoot dry weight, with the biggest value of 30% occurring at high soil water moisture level. Compared to high soil moisture, drought decreased shoot dry weight by 72% under ambient , and by 76% under elevated . Similarly, drought also reduced WUE by 19% under ambient , and 23% under elevated . Our results indicate that: (1) elevated can increase the photosynthetic rates, growth and WUE of wheat plants; (2) long_term exposure to high may result in lower photosynthetic capacity; (3) high stimulates plants lateral growth more than vertical growth; (4) the effects of CO 2 enrichment on plants depend on soil water status, with plants benefiting more from CO 2 enrichment if sufficient water is supplied; and (5) drought may cause relatively more reduction in plant growth and WUE under future elevated conditions.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the effects of Aphelenchoides besseyi infection on different rice varieties（lines）.[Method] By field observation and indoor phenotypic investigation,four conventional japonica ...[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the effects of Aphelenchoides besseyi infection on different rice varieties（lines）.[Method] By field observation and indoor phenotypic investigation,four conventional japonica rice varieties（lines） and japonica rice restorer line R161 under natural onset conditions were observed and analyzed.[Result] After being infected by A.besseyi,different rice varieties（lines）exhibited various symptoms.Specifically,Ning 1707,Ning 1818,Zhendao 88 and Nanjing 9108 had withered leaf tips and exhibited the symptoms of ＂small grains and erect panicles＂;japonica rice restorer line R161 only had withered leaf tips without symptoms of ＂small grains and erect panicles＂,and the withering symptoms occurred in flag leaf tip,whole flag leaf and top second leaf,respectively.After being infected by A.besseyi,all the experimental materials could sprout normally,but their plant height,panicle length,seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were affected to varying degrees.In addition,after being infected by A.besseyi,various symptomatic tissues of R161 exerted different effects on rice yield.Especially,panicles with withered and twisted whole flag leaf were most affected.[Conclusion] This study provided the basis for further exploration of the damages of A.besseyi infection to rice and development of corresponding control measures.展开更多
[Objective] The study was conducted to analyze the effects of different irrigation amount on the growth of wheat in arid oasis area and determine effective use measures and reasonable irrigation indices of water in fa...[Objective] The study was conducted to analyze the effects of different irrigation amount on the growth of wheat in arid oasis area and determine effective use measures and reasonable irrigation indices of water in farmland under arid oasis environment,so as to provide reference for the development and management of water-saving technology.[Method] Spring wheat in different growth periods was irrigated for four times.The leaf area index,dry matter content,1 000-grain weight of wheat in different growth peri...展开更多
[Objective] The paper aims to explore the influences of source sink change of wheat at different densities on wheat yield.[Method] 225 （D1） and 320 plant/m2（D2） were adopted,then cutting flag leaf （L1）,the secon...[Objective] The paper aims to explore the influences of source sink change of wheat at different densities on wheat yield.[Method] 225 （D1） and 320 plant/m2（D2） were adopted,then cutting flag leaf （L1）,the second last leaf （L2）,removing upper part of spike （L3） and controlling （CK） were used to conduct field experiment.[Result] The results showed that both of the two densities of wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight and grain filling rate after anthesis in a decreasing order of L3〉CK〉L2〉L1,and the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis turned to be CK〉L2〉L1 〉L3.[Conclusion].Both of leaf-cutting and spikelet removing decreased the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis.Removing upper part of spike increased wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight.But the decreasing of the sink and dry matter amount translated contributed to the decreasing of the yield of wheat.展开更多
基金Support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30671214)Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to study the response mechanism of drought stress of wheat varieties in different drought-resistance species,and protect the effect of exogenous NO on oxidative damage and photosynthetic apparatus of wheat leaves under drought stress.[Method]Using low-resistance Yumai 949 and high-resistance Xiamai 5 as test materials,drought stress was carried out to seedlings in five-leaf stage with 15% PEG-6000,and then NO（0.75 mmol/L SNP,sodium nitroprusside,exogenous NO donor） was used for regulation in drought condition,and antioxidant and photosynthetic activities was determined.Three treatments were set in the experiment.[Result]SOD,CAT and APX activities of high resistance Xiamai 5 were much higher than low resistance Yumai 949,so were MDA and chlorophyll content.And the change range of these physiological indexes of high resistance species was smaller than high-yielding and low resistance species under drought stress.NO increased the adaptation to drought stress of these physiological indexes significantly.[Conclusion]Exogenous NO could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes of wheat leaves under drought stress,and enhance the drought resistance of wheat.
文摘In order to study the change laws of cold tolerance in wheat under drought stress, 11 wheat varieties planted in Huang-Huai wheat area and one variety representative in middle-lower Yangtze River wheat area were selected, and the their change laws of cold tolerance under normal moisture condition and drought stress condition. The results showed that under drought condition, the cold tolerance of wheat in various growth stages was remarkably lower than that under nondrought condition, and the decreasing amplitudes were the largest in overwintering stage with an average of 4.91 ℃, the smallest in regreening stage, and in the middle in the jointing stage. Under non-drought condition, the cold tolerance of semi- winter varieties in various growth stages was better than that of spring varieties, there were significant differences between different varieties, and the cold tolerance of all varieties in overwintering stage was improved compared with before winter, and rapidly decreased after overwintering. Semiwinter varieties showed cold tolerance remarkably enhanced in overwintering stage, and the cold tolerance of spring varieties was also improved to a certain degree.
基金Supported by The Ministry of Finance,Meteorological Industry Spe-cific(GYHY200706030)China Meteorological Administration 2009 Budget Item(CMATG2009M32)~~
文摘The average rainfall in whole growth period of winter wheat to plus or minus several times of sample variance was used to define different grades of drought.The reduction rate of production in meteorological which was equal to or greater than the rate of 3% was taken as standards to define wheat drought disaster years.The average reduction ratio of production in the wheat drought years in Hebei-Shandong-Henan was calculated.The frequency distribution rule of wheat in different drought disaster strength of winter wheat in Hebei-Shandong-Henan was analyzed.According to the conception and calculation method of drought disaster risk index of winter wheat,the regional distribution law of drought disaster risk index of winter wheat was analyzed.The division technical methods of winter wheat drought disaster risk zones in Hebei-Shandong-Henan under the irrigated conditions were put forward.Taking the average reduction rate of production in drought years,drought disaster risk index and precipitation of winter wheat in growth periods as indices,using the statistical analysis and overlay function of GIS,the production reduction risk of winter wheat caused by drought disaster in winter wheat zones of Hebei-Shandong-Henan was divided and evaluated.The risk evaluation of production reduction of winter wheat in different risk zones under different climate conditions was realized.The disaster prevention and mitigation measures of winter wheat drought were given.
基金Supported by Key Project of the National Twelfth Five-Year Research Program of China(2011BAD32B02)Crosswise Project of Shandong Shidai Marine Biological Technology(Weihai)Co.,Ltd.(2015-2017)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of seaweed bio-or- ganic fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. [Method] Seaweed bio-organic fertilizer was applied to leaves of winter wheat according to the dose of 45 kg/hm^2 from jointing stage to maturing stage, and plant height, dry matter accumulation, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated. [Result] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer showed little effect on plant height of winter wheat, thickened stems, promoted dry matter accumulation, in- creased flag leaf photosynthetic rate by 3.16%, and increased yield of winter wheat by 6.85%. [Conclusion] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the intelligent growth, thickened the stems, improved the lodging resistance, significantly increased the panicle weight per plant, and increased the bulk density of winter wheat, as well as improving the physical quality of wheat grain. In addition, foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll and mitigated the decomposition of chlorophyll in winter wheat. Under the background of fertilizer-pesticide double reduction, the test results and data of this study can be promoted in the wheat-growing areas of Shandong Province and even whole China.
基金Support by a Grant from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program,2009CB724702)Science Foundation of Nanjing Industry University(39708010)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on the chlorella resistance to dehydration conditions and effect of different cryoprotecants on drying of chlorella cells.[Method]The protection effect of seven kinds of cryoprotecants on chlorella cells was analyzed.[Result]The protection effect of trehalose on chlorella cells was the best,and the survival rate of chlorella cells had improved by 50% with the applied trehalose concentration of 5%.[Conclusion]The result in this study had important guidance effect on the mutation breeding of chlorella.
文摘Whole_growing season pot experiments were conducted to examine the response of growth and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gaoyuan 602) to CO 2 enrichment. Wheat plants were grown in open_top chambers (OTCs) subject to two concentrations of CO 2 ()(350 and 700 μL/L, hereafter 'ambient' and 'elevated' respectively) and three soil water levels (80%, 60% and 40% field water capacity ( FWC ), hereafter 'high soil moisture', 'medium soil moisture' and 'low soil moisture' respectively). Elevated CO 2 greatly increased leaf net photosynthesis ( Pn ) at all three soil water levels. The Pn of plants growing under elevated was 22% lower than that of plants growing at ambient when measured with the same (700 μL/L). Plant growth was enhanced by elevated throughout the growing season, with an increase of 14.8% in shoot dry weight at harvest under high soil moisture, and leaf area was increased by about 20% at all three soil water levels. Elevated in combination with high soil moisture increased the ratio of plant shoot dry weight to height by 15.7%, while this ratio was decreased by over 50% when plants were subject to drought. Elevated also increased the water use efficiency of wheat, mainly due to decreases in transpiration and cumulative consumption of water, and an increase in shoot dry weight, with the biggest value of 30% occurring at high soil water moisture level. Compared to high soil moisture, drought decreased shoot dry weight by 72% under ambient , and by 76% under elevated . Similarly, drought also reduced WUE by 19% under ambient , and 23% under elevated . Our results indicate that: (1) elevated can increase the photosynthetic rates, growth and WUE of wheat plants; (2) long_term exposure to high may result in lower photosynthetic capacity; (3) high stimulates plants lateral growth more than vertical growth; (4) the effects of CO 2 enrichment on plants depend on soil water status, with plants benefiting more from CO 2 enrichment if sufficient water is supplied; and (5) drought may cause relatively more reduction in plant growth and WUE under future elevated conditions.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the effects of Aphelenchoides besseyi infection on different rice varieties（lines）.[Method] By field observation and indoor phenotypic investigation,four conventional japonica rice varieties（lines） and japonica rice restorer line R161 under natural onset conditions were observed and analyzed.[Result] After being infected by A.besseyi,different rice varieties（lines）exhibited various symptoms.Specifically,Ning 1707,Ning 1818,Zhendao 88 and Nanjing 9108 had withered leaf tips and exhibited the symptoms of ＂small grains and erect panicles＂;japonica rice restorer line R161 only had withered leaf tips without symptoms of ＂small grains and erect panicles＂,and the withering symptoms occurred in flag leaf tip,whole flag leaf and top second leaf,respectively.After being infected by A.besseyi,all the experimental materials could sprout normally,but their plant height,panicle length,seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were affected to varying degrees.In addition,after being infected by A.besseyi,various symptomatic tissues of R161 exerted different effects on rice yield.Especially,panicles with withered and twisted whole flag leaf were most affected.[Conclusion] This study provided the basis for further exploration of the damages of A.besseyi infection to rice and development of corresponding control measures.
基金Supported by Public Project of Meteorology(GYHY200806021)"Response Characteristics,Early Warning and Technology Challenge of Dry Farming against Climate Warming in Northwest China"and Special Subject"Response Simulation on Dry Farming against Climate Warming in Mountain Area of Gansu Corridor"~~
文摘[Objective] The study was conducted to analyze the effects of different irrigation amount on the growth of wheat in arid oasis area and determine effective use measures and reasonable irrigation indices of water in farmland under arid oasis environment,so as to provide reference for the development and management of water-saving technology.[Method] Spring wheat in different growth periods was irrigated for four times.The leaf area index,dry matter content,1 000-grain weight of wheat in different growth peri...
基金Supported by Jiangsu High School Natural Science Fund(09KJB210004)Undergraduate Practice Innovation Project of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (09CX0025 )Educational Reform Project of Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology (09JY0036)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aims to explore the influences of source sink change of wheat at different densities on wheat yield.[Method] 225 （D1） and 320 plant/m2（D2） were adopted,then cutting flag leaf （L1）,the second last leaf （L2）,removing upper part of spike （L3） and controlling （CK） were used to conduct field experiment.[Result] The results showed that both of the two densities of wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight and grain filling rate after anthesis in a decreasing order of L3〉CK〉L2〉L1,and the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis turned to be CK〉L2〉L1 〉L3.[Conclusion].Both of leaf-cutting and spikelet removing decreased the grain weight per spike and dry matter amount translated after anthesis.Removing upper part of spike increased wheat＇s 1 000-grain weight.But the decreasing of the sink and dry matter amount translated contributed to the decreasing of the yield of wheat.
