从生理生态角度解析毛竹爆发式生长的原因

为了验证母竹促进幼竹快速生长这一假说,研究了毛竹快速生长期不同龄级毛竹的光合固碳能力、叶片水势变化的时空差异、以及地上器官生物量分配的时空格局,同时与小年期对应值做比较。结果表明:(1)快速生长期各龄级母竹的相对叶绿素含量和光化学效率大于同龄同期的小年期母竹,且达到显著水平。说明快速生长期各龄级母竹光合固碳能力较小年期更强;(2)快速生长期各龄级母竹叶片冠层的水势大于同龄同期的小年期母竹,说明快速生长期各龄级母竹水分运输能力较小年期更强,且竹龄越大水分运输能力越强。(3)快速生长期各龄级母竹地上器官(叶、枝、秆)生物量占比大于同龄同期的小年期母竹,且叶片生物量占比差异显著。说明快速生长期各龄级母竹生物量积累较小年期更多,且竹叶固定生物量能力更强。因此,竹笋的快速生长对母竹的产生了影响,母竹为竹笋的快速生长提供了可能。

Early graft dysfunction following adult-to-adult livingrelated liver transplantation:Predictive factors and outcomes

AIM:To describe a condition that we define as early graft dysfunction(EGD)which can be identified preoperatively. METHODS:Small-for-size graft dysfunction following living-related liver transplantation(LRLT)is characterized by EGD when the graft-to-recipient body weight ratio(GRBWR)is below 0.8%.However, patients transplanted with GRBWR above 0.8%can develop dysfunction of the graft.In 73 recipients of LRLT(GRBWR>0.8%),we identified 10 patients who developed EGD.The main measures of outcomes analyzed were overall mortality,number of re-transplants and length of stay in days(LOS).Furthermore we analyzed other clinical pre-transplant variables,intraoperative parameters and post transplant data.RESULTS:A trend in favor of the non-EGD group(3-mo actuarial survival 98%vs 88%,P=0.09;3-mo graft mortality 4.7%vs 20%,P=0.07)was observed as well as shorter LOS(13 d vs 41.5 d;P=0.001)and smaller requirement of peri-operative Units of Plasma (4 vs 14;P=0.036).Univariate analysis of pre- transplant variables identified platelet count,serum bilirubin,INR and Meld-Na score as predictors of EGD. In the multivariate analysis transplant Meld-Na score (P=0.025,OR:1.175)and pretransplant platelet count(P=0.043,OR:0.956)were independently associated with EGD. CONCLUSION:EGD can be identified preoperatively and is associated with increased morbidity after LRLT. A prompt recognition of EGD can trigger a timely treatment.

Effects of weekly dose docetaxel monotherapy schedule for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Objective： To investigate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of weekly dose docetaxel monotherapy schedule in elderly with advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： 28 patients aged over 65 with advanced NSCLC were received with docetaxel （Aisu） 35 mg/m^2 on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days. A clinical evaluation on effectiveness, quality of life and toxicities was performed. Results： 28 patients were given 86 cycles＇ chemotherapy altogether. The overall response rate was 35.7% （10/28）. The clinical beneficial rate was 64.3% （18/28）. Mean KPS was increased from 75.5 at baseline to 87.7 after chemotherapy （P 〈 0.01）; lung cancer symptom scale （LCSS） scores of cough, hemoptysis, chest pain and dyspnea were increased from 64, 65, 62 and 65 to 90, 92, 87 and 88, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. The median time to progression （TTP） was 5.3 months; median survival time （MST） was 8.5 months. The main toxicities were fatigue, leukopenia and decrease of hemoglobin with well tolerance. Conclusion： Weekly dose docetaxel monotherapy schedule is a feasible, well-tolerated, and active scheme in the treatment of the elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.

The Therapeutic Effects of the Radiotherapy Plus TCM Treatment Observed in Senile Non-Parvicellular Lung Cancer Patients at the Late Stage

47 senile non-parvicellular lung cancer patients at stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ were randomly divided into a treatment group (26 cases) treated by radiotherapy plus traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and a control group (21 cases) treated only by radiotherapy for observation of the therapeutic effects.The patients in the treatment group orally took Chinese medicine during and after the radiotherapy.There was no obvious difference in short-term therapeutic effects between the two groups,but the long-term curative effects in the treatment group was obviously superior to that in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:radiotherapy plus TCM can prolong the survival period for senile non-parvicellular lung cancer patients.

Age-related increase of early afterdepolarization in calsequestrin-2 knock-in mouse cardiomycyte

Objective To characterize early afterdepolarizations （EADs） caused triggered activity （TA） among calsequestrin-2 （CASQ2） knock-in （CASQ2 KI） mice and its relationship with aging. Methods Electrophysiological properties of ventricular myocytes from 3- month （mo, young）, 9-mo （adult-l） and 12-too （adult-2） in wild-type （WT） and CASQ2 KI mice were investigated with patch-clamp technique. Results The incidences of EADs and TA in CASQ2 KI cardiomyocytes increased with increasing age. In contrast, WT mice cardiomyocytes showed no significant change in matched-age groups. Compared with that in 3-mo CASQ2 KI mice, the 50% repolarization of action potential （APD50） showed prolongation in both 9-mo and 12-mo ones （9.2±0.9 ms of 9-mo and 10.3 ± 1.2 ms of 12- mo vs. 5.6± 0.3 ms of 3-mo）, while the 90 % repolarization of action potential （APD90） was similar among 3 age groups. Compared with 3-mo mice, the 9-mo and 12-mo CASQ2 KI mice showed markedly reduced transient outward potassium current （Ito） densities but increased L-type calcium current （ICa-L） densities. Conlcusion This study suggested that events of EADs and TA in CASQ2 KI mice increased with increasing age, It might be associated partly with the augment of cellular calcium concentration and the prolongation of APD50 induced by decrease of Ito and increase of ICa-L in adult CASQ2 KI mice

Gemcitabine plus carboplatin used as induction regimen for elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine(GEM) and carboplatin(CBP) used as induction regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:Seventy-eight cases of elderly patients have been cytologically and pathologically confirmed with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC,the age of the patients ranged from 65 to 75 years.The patients were treated with the combined regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin.GEM 1000 mg/m2 intravenously injected by drip on the 1st,8th day and the dosage of CBP was AUC 4 that was used on the 1st day,21 days apart to each cycle,most patients received 2 cycles.Treatment response was evaluated according to the criteria of RECIST(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor),the side effect of the regimen was judged based on WHO criteria.Results:Seventy-eight patients were evaluated and received a total of 156 cycles chemotherapy.There were no complete regression that could be observed,but 32 cases had partial regression(PR),37 cases with no change(NC) and 9 cases with progression disease(PD).The overall response rate was 41.0%.The main side effects were hematological toxicity.Conclusion:The GC regimen could be used as induction treatment for elderly patients with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC,and the regimen could be well tolerated and is safe in terms of side effects.

Tree ring-dated fluctuation history of Midui glacier since the Little Ice Age in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Fluctuation history of Midui glacier in the southeastern Tibet since the Little Ice Age(LIA) was reconstructed by the dating of lateral and terminal moraines using tree rings.Four conversions of glacier advance/stabilization to retreat were identified at around 1767,1875,1924 and 1964.The glacier reached its LIA maximum position at 1767.The fluctuations are consistent with those of other glaciers from the Tibetan Plateau,the Rockies and the Alps,suggesting high spatial coherency of glacier fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere.Comparison with the summer temperature reconstruction in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau indicated that the Midui glacier fluctuation may be related to temperature variation on the centennial timescale.On the decadal scale,the fluctuation could correspond to cold/warm variation with an 8-year lag on average.

Rates of temperature change in China during the past 2000 years

Using 24 proxy temperature series, the rates of temperature change in China are analyzed at the 30- to 100-year scales for the past 2000 years and at the 10-year scale for the past 500 years. The results show that, at the 100-year scale, the warming rate for the whole of China in the 20th century was only 0.6±1.6℃/100 a （interval at the 95% confidence level, which is used here- after）, while the peak warming rate for the period from the Little Ice Age （LIA） to the 20th century reached 1.1_＋1.2~C/100 a, which was the greatest in the past 500 years and probably the past 2000 years. At the 30-year scale, warming in the 20th century was quite notable, but the peak rate was still less than rates for previous periods, such as the rapid warming from the LIA to the 20th century and from the 270s-290s to 300s-320s. At the 10-year scale, the warming in the late 20th century was very evident, but it might not be unusual in the context of warming over the past 500 years. The exact timing, duration and magnitude of the warming peaks varied from region to region at all scales. The peak rates of the 100-year scale warming in the AD 180s-350s in northeastern China as well as those in the 260s-410s and 500s-660s in Tibet were all greater than those from the mid-19th to 20th century. Meanwhile, the rates of the most rapid cooling at scales of 30 to 100 years in the LIA were promi-nent, but they were also not unprecedented in the last 2000 years. At the 10-year scale, for the whole of China, the most rapid decadal cooling in the 20th century was from the 1940s to 1950s with a rate of -0.3±0.6℃/10 a, which was similar to rates for periods before the 20th century. For all regions, the rates of most rapid cooling in the 20th century were all less than those for previous periods.

Global wood anatomical perspective on the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) in the mid-6th century CE

Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89Blue Rings(lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings(cell deformation and collapse), and 93Light Rings(reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages.