OBJECTIVE To determine the quantity and quality of liver NK cells from young and adult mice and compare their characteristics. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used at 2 weeks （young） and 8 weeks （adult） of age. The perc...OBJECTIVE To determine the quantity and quality of liver NK cells from young and adult mice and compare their characteristics. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used at 2 weeks （young） and 8 weeks （adult） of age. The percentage and absolute number of NK cells in the liver and spleen were analyzed. The cytotoxicity of NK cells in the liver and spleen against various targets were detected by a 4 h ^51Cr-release method. FACScan was used to analyze the expression of CD69, Mac-l1 Ly49C/I and CD94 on the NK cells. Perforin mRNA levels were analyzed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. RESUTLS The percentages of NK cells in the liver of young and adult mice were similar （11.9%＋1.7% vs. 9.9%＋1.6%, P〉0.05）, but the absolute number per liver weight was higher in the young animals （11.6＋2.5×10^5/g vs. 3.4＋0.8×10^5/g, P〈0.05）. The level of NK cytotoxicity was extremely high in the liver of young compared to adult mice （71.0%＋5.5% vs. 23.8%＋4.4%, P〈0.05）, but this difference was not observed in the spleen. Phenotypes of the liver NK cells from young and adult mice were completely different from each other. The liver NK cells from young mice were CD69^high Mac-1^low Ly49C/ I^low, whereas NK cells from older mice displayed inverse antigen levels （CD- 69^low Mac-1^high Ly49C/I^high）. The expression levels of other NK cell-related markers were similar in both groups.The perforin mRNA level in the liver lymphocytes from young mice was consistently greater compared to adult mice. CONCLUSION From 2 to 8 weeks C57BU6 mice liver NK cells undergo age-associated changes. At 2 weeks of age the liver NK cells showed a high level of NK cytotoxicity and a unique phenotype which was not apparent at 8 weeks of age.展开更多
Capsule endoscopy is an easy and painless procedure permitting visualization of the entire small-bowel during its normal peristalsis. However, important problems exist concerning capsule retention in patients at risk ...Capsule endoscopy is an easy and painless procedure permitting visualization of the entire small-bowel during its normal peristalsis. However, important problems exist concerning capsule retention in patients at risk of small bowel obstruction. The present report describes a young patient who had recurrent episodes of overt gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin, 18 years after small bowel resection in infancy for ileal atresia. Capsule endoscopy was performed, resulting in capsule retention in the distal small bowel. However, this event contributed to patient management by clearly identifying the site of obstruction and can be used to guide surgical intervention, where an anastomotic ulcer is identified.展开更多
David Herbert Lawrence is one of the greatest English novelists of the 20th century. He is not only a turn-of-the-century social reformer, but also an artist deeply concerned with human relationships. His famouse work...David Herbert Lawrence is one of the greatest English novelists of the 20th century. He is not only a turn-of-the-century social reformer, but also an artist deeply concerned with human relationships. His famouse work--Sons and Lovers （1994）, describes the process of young Paul＇s growth with young Lawrence＇s personal life as the model. The present paper, first of all, gives a brief introduction of the novel. Then the three forms of unreal love in the story are what the present paper mainly explored. Firstly, the love between Paul and his mother is a distorted love between a mother and a son. Secondly, the love between Paul and Miriam is an immature love of young people. Thirdly, the love between Paul and Clara is physical and short-lived. The three forms of love are unreal and doomed to be fruitless展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE To determine the quantity and quality of liver NK cells from young and adult mice and compare their characteristics. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used at 2 weeks （young） and 8 weeks （adult） of age. The percentage and absolute number of NK cells in the liver and spleen were analyzed. The cytotoxicity of NK cells in the liver and spleen against various targets were detected by a 4 h ^51Cr-release method. FACScan was used to analyze the expression of CD69, Mac-l1 Ly49C/I and CD94 on the NK cells. Perforin mRNA levels were analyzed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. RESUTLS The percentages of NK cells in the liver of young and adult mice were similar （11.9%＋1.7% vs. 9.9%＋1.6%, P〉0.05）, but the absolute number per liver weight was higher in the young animals （11.6＋2.5×10^5/g vs. 3.4＋0.8×10^5/g, P〈0.05）. The level of NK cytotoxicity was extremely high in the liver of young compared to adult mice （71.0%＋5.5% vs. 23.8%＋4.4%, P〈0.05）, but this difference was not observed in the spleen. Phenotypes of the liver NK cells from young and adult mice were completely different from each other. The liver NK cells from young mice were CD69^high Mac-1^low Ly49C/ I^low, whereas NK cells from older mice displayed inverse antigen levels （CD- 69^low Mac-1^high Ly49C/I^high）. The expression levels of other NK cell-related markers were similar in both groups.The perforin mRNA level in the liver lymphocytes from young mice was consistently greater compared to adult mice. CONCLUSION From 2 to 8 weeks C57BU6 mice liver NK cells undergo age-associated changes. At 2 weeks of age the liver NK cells showed a high level of NK cytotoxicity and a unique phenotype which was not apparent at 8 weeks of age.
文摘Capsule endoscopy is an easy and painless procedure permitting visualization of the entire small-bowel during its normal peristalsis. However, important problems exist concerning capsule retention in patients at risk of small bowel obstruction. The present report describes a young patient who had recurrent episodes of overt gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin, 18 years after small bowel resection in infancy for ileal atresia. Capsule endoscopy was performed, resulting in capsule retention in the distal small bowel. However, this event contributed to patient management by clearly identifying the site of obstruction and can be used to guide surgical intervention, where an anastomotic ulcer is identified.
文摘David Herbert Lawrence is one of the greatest English novelists of the 20th century. He is not only a turn-of-the-century social reformer, but also an artist deeply concerned with human relationships. His famouse work--Sons and Lovers （1994）, describes the process of young Paul＇s growth with young Lawrence＇s personal life as the model. The present paper, first of all, gives a brief introduction of the novel. Then the three forms of unreal love in the story are what the present paper mainly explored. Firstly, the love between Paul and his mother is a distorted love between a mother and a son. Secondly, the love between Paul and Miriam is an immature love of young people. Thirdly, the love between Paul and Clara is physical and short-lived. The three forms of love are unreal and doomed to be fruitless
