太阳黑子极小期的日冕总光通量测量

在漠河１９９７年３月９日日全食期间，使用３°测量视场的光电光度计，测量了日冕总光通。仪器的光谱响应符合Ｖ（λ）函数，测量结果：太阳黑子极小期日冕的总光通Φｃ与太阳总光通Φｓ之间的关系为Φｃ＝０．６９×１０－６Φｓ。

榨季小期蔗糖分的灰色预测

运用灰色系统理论 ,对糖厂榨季期间各小期的蔗糖分进行预测 ,获得蔗糖分随时间的变化规律。通过文献提供的数据对模型进行检验 ,表明模型具有较高的精度 ,预测结果可信 ,方法简便。

青藏高原古里雅冰芯记录所揭示的Maunder极小期太阳活动特征

根据古里雅冰芯中浓度可以揭示太阳活动变化的事实, 研究了长期以来存在争议的Maunder极小期(1645～1715年)的太阳活动状况, 结果不仅证实这一时期太阳活动极小期的存在, 而且也证实这一时期内太阳活动周期是正常的, 即存在11 a左右的黑子周期. 研究还发现, 太阳活动可能存在36 a左右的周期, 这一结果对于日地关系研究具有重要的意义.

树轮资料(1511～1954)太阳活动的多尺度分析——EMD方法的应用

用EMD对Stuiver等提供的树轮^14C资料进行分析，结果为：①得到太阳活动的准3、6、11、22、44、110、200、300a的周期；从趋势项中可以得到准600a甚至更长的周期波动；②可以判断太阳活动经典的极小期，与公认的极小期有一定的滞后性。从树轮^14C含量的变化趋势中可以判断从1954～2100年的太阳活动变化逐渐变强，从2100—2350年太阳活动逐渐开始变弱；③从每个尺度周期波动的时变特征中可以得到，即使在太阳活动的极小期，太阳活动依然存在频率和强度不同的周期波动。

多年代气候预估中太阳黑子的作用

在利用气候模式做未来几十年的气候预估中,一般只考虑人类活动的影响,而难以考虑太阳活动和火山活动的影响,这是由于其变化难以预测和预估.但是,众所周知,太阳是地球气候系统的能量来源,并且观测表明太阳是一个可变的星球,因此太阳活动在未来气候预估中是很重要的外强迫[1-3].近年有些研究[4-9]进一步考虑太阳活动中的太阳黑子1 1年周期对气候的影响并试图在未来的预估中加入.本文对太阳黑子11年周期在多年代气候预估中的作用进行了综述.

对80年代气候增暖及未来趋势的评述

80年代全球气温明显上升,温室效应日趋严重,不少人估计下一世纪将继续变暖。但影响气候的因素是多方面的,特别是80年代异常强盛的太阳活动看来对气温上升也起着相当的作用,何况长期气候预报历来存在着一系列不确定性。这启示我们还应作更深入的研究。

QTL Mapping of Heading stage for Photoperiodthermo Sensitive Male Sterile Line BS366 in Wheat

[Objective]The study aimed to map QTLs（Quantitative trait loci）of heading stage for phtopeiod-thermo sensitive male sterile line BS366 in wheat.[Method] A population of 234 doubled haploid derived from the cross between BS366 and Baiyu149 was planted in Beijing and Funan in 2007,respectively.We used composite interval mapping（CIM）method to analyse the QTLs for heading stage.[Result]We detected 15 QTLs for heading stage.8 QTLs were detected in both Beijing and Funan,which were located on 1B,2A,2D,3B（2 loci）,6B（2 loci）and 7B.A single QTL accounted for 2.42%-10.98% of pheotypic varience.[Conclusion] Eight QTLs which were detected under two environments could be applied for marker-assisted breeding and improvement of BS366.The QTL on chromosome 1B was new for heading stage,which enriches the QTL resource.

Effects of Drought Stress on Activity of POD and CAT in Wheat during Generation Period

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the changes in activity of POD and CAT in wheat during generation period under drought stress. [Method] Four wheat cultivars, including Yunong 51, Zhoumai 22, Jimai 19 and Huaimai 22, were selected as experimental materials and cultured under drought stress simulated by different concentrations of PEG6000, to determine the activity of POD and CAT. [Result] POD and CAT activity in wheat during generation period increased gradual y under stress of 5% and 15% PEG6000 from 0 to 120 h; POD and CAT activity in wheat under stress of 15% PEG6000 increased more compared with that under stress of 5% PEG6000; POD and CAT activity in wheat under stress of 25% and 35% PEG6000 increased first and then decreased. Stress duration significantly af-fected the activity of POD and CAT in wheat during generation period. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical references for breeding drought-tolerant wheat.

Effects of Sulfur Fertilizer Application Methods on Grain Protein Content During Filling Stage of Winter Wheat

[ Objective] The experiment aimed to provide a theoretical base of optimal cultivation management for the high yield and good quality and high efficiency of winter wheat. [ Method] The effects of two sulfur fertilizer application methods on dynamic changes of grain protein content and glutenin content of Yumai 49 and Yumai 66 during wheat grain filling stage were studied under the field conditions. [Result] Both the grain protein and glutenin content of two cultivars were increased by sulfur fertilizer, particularly, the effects on Yumai 49 were more significant.[ Conclusion] The grain content and glutenin content of different wheat cultivars could be increased by taking different sulfur fertilizer application methods.

Robust frame synchronization method for FDD-LTE systems

The primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal are respectively used to fulfill the subframe and frame synchronization in the long term evolution （LTE） systems. Based on the assumption that the channel frequency response of the primary synchronization signal symbol is nearly the same as that of the secondary synchronization symbol in frequency division duplex-LTE （FDD-LTE）, a new synchronization method is proposed. The frame synchronization success probability is simulated in different wireless channel models and the Mento-Carlo method is used in the simulation. Simulation results show that if the LMMSE channel estimation is adopted, the proposed method is robust at a low signal noise ratio （SNR） scenario and works well when cartier frequency offset and fast Fourier transform （FFT） window timing offset are considered in practical applications. The frame synchronization success probability can still exceed 99% with an SNR of 0 dB when the maximum Doppler shift is very large, which means that this robust frame synchronization method can be applicable in most mobile situations. Simulation results also show that the success probability of the proposed frame synchronization method is higher than that of the method which fulfills the frame synchronization through correlating the received secondary synchronization symbol with local sequences in practical applications.

Differential Gene Expression Between Wheat Hybrids and Their Parental Inbreds in Primary Roots

To provide an insight into the molecular basis of heterosis, differential display of mRNA was used to analyze the difference of gene expression between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) heterotic hybrid A, nonheterotic hybrid B and their parental inbreds in the primary roots. By using 5′ end random primers in combination with three one-base-anchored primers, it was found that 22.5% and 22.9% of 877 total displayed cDNAs were differentially expressed between hybrid A, B and their parents, respectively. Both quantitative and qualitative differences in gene expression between hybrids and their parental inbreds were obvious, indicating that the patterns of gene expression in hybrids alter significantly as compared to their corresponding parents. On the other hand, by using MADS-box gene specific 5′ end primer for DDRT-PCR, we found that nearly all of the displayed cDNA fragments were polymorphic between hybrids and their parents, and major difference occurred in qualitative level, in which hybrid specific-expressed and silenced genes are the major two patterns, suggesting that MADS-box gene may be important for manifestation of differential gene expression and wheat heterosis. In comparison with our previous results by using seedling leaves, it is indicated that differential gene expression between hybrids and parents is dependent on the tissues tested, and more differentially expressed genes were observed in the primary roots than in the seedling leaves. Therefore, it is concluded that the expressions of both randomly displayed cDNAs and transcription factor genes, such as MADS-box, alter significantly between hybrids and their parents, which might be responsible for the observed heterosis.

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaves and Grain Yield of Wheat

[Objective] The aim was to provide a scientific and rational water,nitrogen model for achieving high yield,high quality of wheat and water and fertilizer saving.[Method] Under the field conditions,the effects of irrigation frequencies and N application times on net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of flag leaf and yield of wheat was studied.[Result] The differences on Pn,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm,qP,qN of flag leaves and yield of wheat among different irrigation times had reached a significant level,and the difference between treatment without irrigation and irrigation treatments were relatively large;the difference on Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm,qP and qN between treatments of basal application of N fertilizer and N application（40%）in returning green stage was not significant,however,the photosynthetic parameters and yield of two treatments were obviously lower than that of N application（40%）in jointing stage or booting stage.[Conclusion] The effects of irrigation frequencies and N application times showed significant interaction effects on photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves and yield,in which W2N4 treatment combination was best.

Characterization of Endopeptidases in Wheat Leaves During Dark-induced Senescence

The characterization of senescence-associated endopeptidase (EP) isoenzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 158) leaves during dark-induced senescence was performed. It was found that there was much higher endoproteolytic activity in dark-induced wheat leaves than in control. Six endopeptidase isoenzymes (EP1-EP6) were identified by natural gradient-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) co-polymerized gelatin in the gel, five of which (EP1, EP2, EP4, EP5 and EP6) were only detected in senescing leaves. Treatment with 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) delayed the expression of these EP isoenzymes and abscisic acid (ABA) accelerated it. The activity of EP3 could be detected at a wider range of pH and temperature levels while EP4, EP5 and EP 6 could be only detected at pH 4-5 and 30 -45 degreesC, EP1 and EP2 at pH 3-5 and 30-45 degreesC. All of the EP isoenzymes showed high thermal stability, especially EP3, EP5 and EP6 which still had activitiy even by incubation at 55 degreesC for 1 h. By using different class-specific inhibitors, EP1 and EP2 were characterized as metal-dependent cysteine-proteases, EP4 as a serine-protease.

Effects of Alcohol and Liquid Paraffin on Development of Early Mouse Embryos in vitro

In culturing early mouse embryos in vitro,liquid paraffin and alcohol exert deleterious influence on the development of embryos. Some of light liquid paraffin produced by Chinese factories have proved harmful for early mouse embryos. As shown by our experiments, the nitronaphthalene contained and the specific gravity of liquid paraffin were not involved in the injurious effects.However,alcohol mingled in medium had harmful effects on the development of embryos. At the 0.1% concentration of alcohol in medium the proportion of embryos developing to blastocysts decreased to 73.9%. When the concentration of alcohol was increased to 0.8%, all embryos ceased developing. In our experiments, CO_2 which contained 0.13% alcohol had no visible effects on the development of embrvos in vitro.

Identification and Selection of Wheat Genotypes with High Phosphorus Use Efficiency at Adult Stage in Huang-huai Wheat Area

[Objective] This study was conducted to select wheat varieties with high P use efficiency. [Method] A field experiment was carried out with 112 wheat germplasm varieties as experiment materials under normal （NP） and low phosphorus （LP） conditions, and with Jimai 22 as control, genotypes with high P use efficiency and excellent yield traits were selected. [Result] Compared with NP treatment, 8 wheat yield-related traits, spike number per plant, thousand-grain weight plant height, spike length, fertile spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant and above-land weight per plant, and 3 P content traits, grain, straw and above-land P contents per plant decreased significantly under LP condition （P〈〈 0.05）, while 3 P utilization efficiency traits, grain, straw and aboveground P utilization efficiencies increased obviously, indicating that low P stress would greatly reduce yield and P content of wheat at adult stage, but would remarkably improve P utilization efficiency. Correlation analysis showed that plant height, fertile spikelet number per spike and grain weight per plant and straw and above-land P concentrations were in significant positive correlation with 3 P content traits, grain, straw and above-land P contents per plant, and in significant negative correlation with 2 Putilization efficiency traits, straw and above-land P utilization efficiencies （P〈0.01）, and could serve as indexes for preliminary rapid evaluation of P use efficiency. Under NP treatment, 17 genotypes with high P use efficiency were selected, and among them, Hanxuan H28, 2010 Pin 4891 and Zhoumai 28 showed grain weights per plant higher than Jimai 22 by 36.07%, 31.96% and 37.44%, respectively, and above-land P utilization efficiency higher than Jimai 22 by 49.34%, 49.42% and 33.05%, respectively; and under LP treatment, 10 genotypes with high P use efficiency were selected, and among them, Henong 826 showed grain weight per plant and above-land P utilization efficiency higher than Jimai 22 by 37.60% and 20.42%, respectively. Furthermore, Hanxuan H23, Hanxuan H28 and Xumai 856 were identified as genotypes with high P use efficiency under both NP and LP treatments. [Conclusion] This study provides good parent materials for breeding of varieties with high P use efficiency.

Fast algorithm for determining the minimal polynomial of up^n-periodic sequence

A fast algorithm for determining the minimal polynomial and linear complexity of a upn-periodic sequence over a finite field Fq is given.Let p,q,and u be distinct primes,q a primitive root modulo p2,m the smallest positive integer such that qm≡1 mod u,and gcd（m,p（p-1））=1.An algorithm is used to reduce a periodic upn sequence over Fq to several pn-periodic sequences over Fq（ζ）,where ζ is a u-th primitive root of unity,and an algorithm proposed by Xiao et al.is employed to obtain the minimal polynomial of each pn-periodic sequence.

High Frequency of GFP Gene Transient Expression in Electroporated Zygotes and Early Proembryos of Wheat

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was successfully transferred into the isolated zygotes and early proembryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by electroporation. A frequency, as high as 46.7% of GFP gene transient expression in early proembryos, was achieved under 150 V/cm electric field strength, 25 muF capacitor, 200 mug/mL of linear plasmid DNA and an electroporation buffer at pH 7.2. Compared with five-day-old proembryos, the zygotes and early proembryos needed lower optimum strength of electric field. After culturing in KM8p medium, the electroporated early proembryos divided and GFP gene expression was observed in daughter cells and subsequent divisions. There was no mosaicism of gene expression in the zygotes and 2-, 4- and 8-celled proembryos.

Effects of Low Temperature on Freezing Injury of Various Winter Wheat Cultivars at Different Sowing Time

Freezing injury is one of the major disasters for the production of winter wheat in the North China Plain, which leads to a significant decrease of wheat yield. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of subfreezing temperature on freezing injury of various winter wheat cultivars at different sowing time. Three wheat cultivars, including Zhengmai 9023, Wanmai 48 and Wanmai 50, were sowed on 25 September and 5 October, respectively. Plant anatomy was applied to investi- gate the impact of subfreezing temperature on cells of three wheat cultivars, results showed that severe plasmolysis occurred in wheat sowed earlier suddenly encoun- tered subfreezing temperature without cold acclimation, compared with wheat sowed at proper sowing time. The degree of plasmolysis of different cultivars and tissues of wheat had significant differences and showed positive correlation with subfreezing temperature. Wanmai 50 had the highest cold resistance compared with Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48, and there was no significant difference between Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48. This study concluded that wheat cold resistance may be im- proved by adopting proper cultivars and sowing dates.

Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer： a meta-analysis

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin（GP） in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： we performed a systematicsearch in the electronic databases such as Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Full-text Database andWanfang Database up to 30 January 2017. Randomized controlled trials （RCT） of Shenqi Fuzheng Injectioncombined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were searched, and all the RCTs wereconducted on methodological quality assessment. Data extraction and data analysis were according to standards ofCochrane systematic review. Results： Eight trials were included including a total of 701 patients. Meta-analysisresults： Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy could significantly improve the functionalstatus of patients with NSCLC （OR = 3.44, 95% CI [2.26, 5.25], P 〈 0.0001） and clinical treatment efficacy （OR =（OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.20, 0.47], P 〈 0.0001. The rate of leukopenia （OR = .31, 95%CI [0.20,0.47], P 〈 0.0001）,thrombocytopenia （OR = 0.58, 95%CI [0.37, 0.91], P = 0.020）, hemoglobin decline （（OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.16,0.59], P = 0.0004） and incidence of gastrointestinal reactions （OR = 0.58,P 〈 0.05） could be reduced. Conclusion：Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC obtainedsignificantly clinical efficacy. The quality of the literature incorporated is low, the conclusion requires high-qualityresearch to further prove.

Clinical observation of Shenmai injection in the treatment for adverse reactions of chemotherapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: To observe the efficacy of Shenmai injection in the treatment for adverse reactions of chemotherapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 45 NSCLC patients with stages IIIb-IV were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group (treated by chemotherapy combined with Shenmai injection) and the control group (treated by chemotherapy only). The efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 3 cycles of treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the recent curative effects (P > 0.05), while there were significant differences between them in Karnofsky score and weight (P < 0.05). The treatment group was better than the control group in preventing leucopenia and decreased hemoglobin, and significant differences were found between them (P < 0.05). The incidence of thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, hepatic and renal dysfunction in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, but no significant differences were found between them (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Shenmai injection would not influence the efficacy of chemotherapy on advanced NSCLC patients, while it could improve the quality of life, increase the body weight of patients, alleviate adverse reactions of chemotherapy as myelosuppression so as to improve the tolerance of organism to chemotherapy.