The paper aims to investigate the potential of a water body to influence in lowering the warmth in the city of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, due to the evaporative cooling effects. In order to verify its potential, t...The paper aims to investigate the potential of a water body to influence in lowering the warmth in the city of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, due to the evaporative cooling effects. In order to verify its potential, three collecting points of temperature and humidity were placed in an urban area close to the municipal dam. The first one was placed on the dam margin, the second one, 50 m distant of the margin and, the third one, 100 m distant. The data were taken during December 2010 and then compared to the climate data of the Climate Station of CIIAGRO-Integrated Center of Agro Meteorological. The results show that the closer the collection point is to the water body, and the lower is the temperature variation. The humidity taxes verified at the closest point to the water body indicate values higher than those ones collected at the most distant point. The insertion of moisture through the water bodies in an urban environment demonstrated to be a strategy that improved the thermal conditions and has to be considered for urban planners to establish strategies of urban occupation.展开更多
There is a broad recognition that microclimatic conditions contribute to the quality of life in cities. A favorable microclimate has a positive influence on both commercial and social activities. The aim of this study...There is a broad recognition that microclimatic conditions contribute to the quality of life in cities. A favorable microclimate has a positive influence on both commercial and social activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the human being and the surrounding thermal environment in terms of thermal acceptability, physical quality of the place, emotional state and the usage of the urban space in hot dry Damascus, Syria. The study is based on questionnaire surveys during the summer and winter in six locations with different microclimates. It is shown that the urban design plays a significant role in improving the microclimate, especially during the summer. The study also illustrates that when people＇s thermal perception is within the thermally acceptable range （i.e., slightly cool, comfortable and slightly warm） they experience the urban design as significantly more beautiful and more pleasant than during thermally unacceptable conditions. The results indicate that there is an interactive relationship between the urban design and humans＇ emotional state. Our findings suggest that a new perspective is needed for determining urban microclimate requirements and incorporating them into the urban design process to enhance the thermal environment in outdoor urban spaces in Damascus.展开更多
Energy-saving solar greenhouse vegetables cultivating is to create and improve microclimate environment with greenhouse in those seasons impossible for open cultivation production and in order to achieve the purpose o...Energy-saving solar greenhouse vegetables cultivating is to create and improve microclimate environment with greenhouse in those seasons impossible for open cultivation production and in order to achieve the purpose of harvest in advance or in delay. Since a greenhouse needs huge construction expenses and high production costs, only though the improvement of facility utilization can we obtain better economic benefits. Vegetable germination and seedling stage need a long time for ground, so they need smaller standing area. So we concentrated in a small area of cultivation can not only create a suitable environment easily, nurture strong age seedling, but also can avoid greenhouse waste. Make transplanting to greenhouse after Seedlings breeding can effectively reduce the fertility cycle and substantially increase greenhouse utilization.展开更多
The flux of carbon dioxide （CO2） from soil surface presents an important component of carbon （C） cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and is controlled by a number of biotic and abiotic factors. In order to better unde...The flux of carbon dioxide （CO2） from soil surface presents an important component of carbon （C） cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and is controlled by a number of biotic and abiotic factors. In order to better understand characteristics of soil CO2 flux （FCO2） in subtropical forests, soil FCO2 rates were quantified in five adjacent forest types （camphor tree forest, Masson pine forest, mixed camphor tree and Masson pine forest, Chinese sweet gum forest, and slash pine forest） at the Tianjiling National Park in Changsha, Hunan Province, in subtropical China, from January to December 2010. The influences of soil temperature （Tsoil）, volumetric soil water content （0soiI）, soil pH, soil organic carbon （SOC） and soil C/nitrogen （N） ratio on soil FCO2 rates were also investigated. The annual mean soil FCO2 rate varied with the forest types. The soil FCO2 rate was the highest in the camphor tree forest （3.53 ± 0.51 μmol m-2 s-I）, followed by, in order, the mixed, Masson pine, Chinese sweet gum, and slash pine forests （1.53 ± 0.25 μmol m-2 sl）. Soil FCO2 rates from the five forest types followed a similar seasonal pattern with the maximum values occurring in summer （July and August） and the minimum values during winter （December and January）. Soil FCO2 rates were correlated to Tsoil and 0soil, but the relationships were only significant for Tsoil. No correlations were found between soil FCO2 rates and other selected soil properties, such as soil pH, SOC, and C/N ratio, in the examined forest types. Our results indicated that soil FCO2 rates were much higher in the evergreen broadleaved forest than coniferous forest under the same microclimatic environment in the study region.展开更多
文摘The paper aims to investigate the potential of a water body to influence in lowering the warmth in the city of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, due to the evaporative cooling effects. In order to verify its potential, three collecting points of temperature and humidity were placed in an urban area close to the municipal dam. The first one was placed on the dam margin, the second one, 50 m distant of the margin and, the third one, 100 m distant. The data were taken during December 2010 and then compared to the climate data of the Climate Station of CIIAGRO-Integrated Center of Agro Meteorological. The results show that the closer the collection point is to the water body, and the lower is the temperature variation. The humidity taxes verified at the closest point to the water body indicate values higher than those ones collected at the most distant point. The insertion of moisture through the water bodies in an urban environment demonstrated to be a strategy that improved the thermal conditions and has to be considered for urban planners to establish strategies of urban occupation.
文摘There is a broad recognition that microclimatic conditions contribute to the quality of life in cities. A favorable microclimate has a positive influence on both commercial and social activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the human being and the surrounding thermal environment in terms of thermal acceptability, physical quality of the place, emotional state and the usage of the urban space in hot dry Damascus, Syria. The study is based on questionnaire surveys during the summer and winter in six locations with different microclimates. It is shown that the urban design plays a significant role in improving the microclimate, especially during the summer. The study also illustrates that when people＇s thermal perception is within the thermally acceptable range （i.e., slightly cool, comfortable and slightly warm） they experience the urban design as significantly more beautiful and more pleasant than during thermally unacceptable conditions. The results indicate that there is an interactive relationship between the urban design and humans＇ emotional state. Our findings suggest that a new perspective is needed for determining urban microclimate requirements and incorporating them into the urban design process to enhance the thermal environment in outdoor urban spaces in Damascus.
文摘Energy-saving solar greenhouse vegetables cultivating is to create and improve microclimate environment with greenhouse in those seasons impossible for open cultivation production and in order to achieve the purpose of harvest in advance or in delay. Since a greenhouse needs huge construction expenses and high production costs, only though the improvement of facility utilization can we obtain better economic benefits. Vegetable germination and seedling stage need a long time for ground, so they need smaller standing area. So we concentrated in a small area of cultivation can not only create a suitable environment easily, nurture strong age seedling, but also can avoid greenhouse waste. Make transplanting to greenhouse after Seedlings breeding can effectively reduce the fertility cycle and substantially increase greenhouse utilization.
基金Supported by the National Forestry Public Welfare Research Program of China(Nos.201104005 and 200804030)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(No.NCET-10-0151)+1 种基金the 100 Talents Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2011516)Central South University of Forestry and Technology,China(No.0842)
文摘The flux of carbon dioxide （CO2） from soil surface presents an important component of carbon （C） cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and is controlled by a number of biotic and abiotic factors. In order to better understand characteristics of soil CO2 flux （FCO2） in subtropical forests, soil FCO2 rates were quantified in five adjacent forest types （camphor tree forest, Masson pine forest, mixed camphor tree and Masson pine forest, Chinese sweet gum forest, and slash pine forest） at the Tianjiling National Park in Changsha, Hunan Province, in subtropical China, from January to December 2010. The influences of soil temperature （Tsoil）, volumetric soil water content （0soiI）, soil pH, soil organic carbon （SOC） and soil C/nitrogen （N） ratio on soil FCO2 rates were also investigated. The annual mean soil FCO2 rate varied with the forest types. The soil FCO2 rate was the highest in the camphor tree forest （3.53 ± 0.51 μmol m-2 s-I）, followed by, in order, the mixed, Masson pine, Chinese sweet gum, and slash pine forests （1.53 ± 0.25 μmol m-2 sl）. Soil FCO2 rates from the five forest types followed a similar seasonal pattern with the maximum values occurring in summer （July and August） and the minimum values during winter （December and January）. Soil FCO2 rates were correlated to Tsoil and 0soil, but the relationships were only significant for Tsoil. No correlations were found between soil FCO2 rates and other selected soil properties, such as soil pH, SOC, and C/N ratio, in the examined forest types. Our results indicated that soil FCO2 rates were much higher in the evergreen broadleaved forest than coniferous forest under the same microclimatic environment in the study region.
