Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Tundra Vegetation Undergoing Invasion by Deyeuxia angustifolia in Changbai Mountains

In recent years, herbaceous species such as Deyeuxia angustifolia （Kom.） Y. L. Chang has invaded alpine tundra regions of the western slope of the Changbai Mountains. Because atmospheric nitrogen deposition is predicted to increase under a warming climate and D. angustifolia is sensitive to nitrogen addition, field experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2013 to determine the effect of increased nitrogen deposition on the mechanisms of D. angustifolia invasion. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of increased nitrogen deposition on the changes in alpine tundra vegetation （consisting mostly of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. and Vaccinium uliginosum Linn.）. The results showed that： 1） simulated nitrogen deposition affected overall characteristics and structure of R. chrysanthum and E uliginosum communities and had a positive impact on the growth of tundra vegetation invaded by 1）. angustifolia; 2） R. chrysanthum was more resistant to invasion by D. angustifolia than V.. uliginosum; 3） simulated nitrogen deposition could improve the growth and enhance the competitiveness of D. angustifolia, which was gradually replacing R. chrysanthum and V. uliginosum and might become the dominant species in the system in future, transforming alpine tundra into alpine meadow in the Chanebai Mountains.

Thrombotic microangiopathy-like disorder after living-donor liver transplantation:A single-center experience in Japan

AIM:To investigate thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)in liver transplantion,because TMA is an infrequent but life-threatening complication in the transplantation field. METHODS:A total of 206 patients who underwent living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) were evaluated,and the TMA-like disorder (TMALD) occurred in seven recipients. RESULTS:These TMALD recipients showed poor outcomes in comparison with other 199 recipients. Although two TMALD recipients successfully recovered,the other five recipients finally died despite intensive treatments including repeated plasma exchange (PE) and re-transplantation. Histopathological analysis of liver biopsies after LDLT revealed obvious differences according to the outcomes. Qualitative analysis of antibodies against a disintegrin-like domain and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS-13) were negative in all patients. The fragmentation of red cells,the microhemorrhagic macules and the platelet counts were early markers for the suspicion of TMALD after LDLT. Although the absolute values of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and ADAMTS-13 did not necessarily reflect TMALD,the vWF/ADAMTS-13 ratio had a clear diagnostic value in all cases. The establishment of adequate treatments for TMALD,such as PE for ADAMTS-13 replenishment or treatments against inhibitory antibodies,must be decided according to each case. CONCLUSION:The optimal induction of adequate therapies based on early recognition of TMALD by the reliable markers may confer a large advantage for TMALD after LDLT.

重读“重写音乐史”文论之误释

历史定论,过去我们并不想它对不对,但现在发现,有很多是可以怀疑的。基于此,本文与其说是以“误释”的方式关照“重写近代音乐史”思潮,倒不如说是以“怀疑”的态度对待“重写”个案。故本文从三个方面进行梳理、叙述与追问。一,“重写音乐史”的历史缘由——划定“思潮”发生时限及“弄潮人”;二,“重写音乐史”“亮剑”招招——就“重写”个案现场做具体的另类叙述与交待;三,对“重写音乐史”之误读——公开亮出自己对该“重写”思潮个案的不认同,并追问道:“重写”是带引号的“重写”,是特定历史背景下、包有特定意识形态文化内涵的“重写”,所谓“重提”“重写”不过是“旧调重弹”,“意识形态”反“意识形态”,借“重写”说上辈人的一段“往事”而已。