论侯方域《壮悔堂文集》中传的“小说气”

侯方域是清文大家,其传文有很明显的“小说气”特征,表现在题材的现实性、平民化及个性人物写作手法的典型化、细节化、戏剧化和写作功能的教化作用。其形成原因与当时的社会状况、哲学思潮、文学思潮以及侯方域本人的政治追求有密切的关系。

What Makes a Mother a Monster？ Mrs. Gant＇s Grotesque Masculinity and the Cult of Womanhood

This paper1 reevaluates the portrayal of Mrs. Gant in William Faulkner＇s short story ＂Miss Zilphia Gant＂ （1932）. It argues that Faulkner represents her as ＂the mother as a monster＂ and looks at the features of that representation. More specifically, the paper devotes attention to this abusive mother＇s curious masculinity, employing feminist readings from two angles. That is, on the one hand, the paper reexamines the nature of Mrs. Gant＇s unfemininity by considering the immense responsibility of child-rearing that mothers bear in modern societies. On the other hand, it attempts to locate the origin of her bodily manliness by considering the prism of images of women as evil and destabilizing that pervaded Western culture early in the twentieth century. Such approaches have revealed that making a monster of a mother requires a conspiracy taking advantage of both the inconsistencies inherent in the ideals of motherhood and the bizarre processes through which femininity itself is masculinized. In conclusion, this paper argues that Mrs. Gant＇s monstrosity is a reflection of a predicament which many women in modern times whether Faulkner＇s or our own share, that is, being expected to be a perfect mother while still being viciously castigated as sexually threatening.

Safety research in the gasification process of novel multi-thermal-source coal gasifier

In order to collect the gas safely produced in the gasification process of the novel multi-thermal-source coal gasifier,based on its gasification skill and the characteristics of the products,this paper analyzes the possible dangers in the gasification process,devises the gasifier eruption and explosion experiments,explores the conditions of gasifier eruption and gas explosion,studies their effects on the gasification process and establishes safe operation measures.Gasifier eruption hazard occurs easily in the gasification process of one-thermal-source coal gasifier when MSiO2 is far higher than that in the normal adjuvant.The gas permeability in the gasifier is not the same and the power supply is too large.However,similar conditions in the gasification of multi-thermal-source coal gasifier do not produce a gasifier eruption accident so easily.When it erupts,the gasifier should be stopped and then cooled down naturally or inert gas can be sprayed on the gasifier to cool it off,and thus gas explosion can be avoided.There is a possibility of direct gas explosion,but it can be avoided when the gas in the gas collecting space is replaced slowly by supplying a small amount of power or the inert gas fills the space in the previous gasification.The time a fire is lit is strictly controlled,the gas is drawn in by using the aspirator pump,and the gasifier pressure is kept in the state of micro-positive pressure in the middle and later gasification process.The conclusion is that the gasification process of the novel multi-thermalsource coal gasifier is safe according to normal operation rules.

Zhao Yingcheng from Fact to Fiction： The Story of ＂The Great Advisor＂

Zhao Yingcheng （1619-1657）, known as ＂The Great Advisor＂, is the only Kaifeng Jew who is mentioned both in the synagogal stele of 1663 and in Chinese gazetteers during his lifetime. Zhao, given the Hebrew name of Moshe ben Avram, was fluent in Hebrew but also achieved success as a Confucian scholar familiar with the Chinese classics. He would have witnessed the destruction of his hometown by a catastrophic flood during the 1642 Siege of Kaifeng. In 1645, at the age of 26, he attained the jinshi rank in the Imperial Exams, in which only one in 10,000 can- didates was successful. A year later, he was appointed Minister of Justice for the newly installed Qing Dynasty and supervised the controversial decree forcing the Manchu tonsure onto the Han population as a mark of submission. In 1647, he was sent as an envoy to quell the unrest in Fujian province. After defeating bands of violent warlords funded by the notorious pirate Koxinga, Zhao set up a system of public schools to provide greater economic opportunity for the poor. After the death of his father, Zhao returned to Kaifeng for the three-year mourning period; during that time, he funded the restoration of the synagogue, which had been destroyed in the deluge, and the rectification of the Torah scrolls damaged in that catastrophe. Though the biographical facts are sparse, when these are juxtaposed with the dra- matic events that unfolded during his short lifetime, the potential for a fascinating historical fictionalization emerges. Moreover, many of those historical events in seventeenth-century China--climate change, elite corruption, populist revolt, xenophobia, terrorism, law and order, etc.--resonate with contemporary tropes. The story of ＂The Great Advisor＂ shows how a Jew in seventeenth-century China rose to national prominence at a time when Jews in Europe faced severe discrimination and persecution.