Non-point-source pollution has become a major threat to the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR);however,nutrient loadings from terrestrial sources are unclear due to a lack of in situ monitoring.A represe...Non-point-source pollution has become a major threat to the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR);however,nutrient loadings from terrestrial sources are unclear due to a lack of in situ monitoring.A representative small watershed in the central part of the TGR area was selected to monitor the loss of nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) continuously along with the runoff from 2007 through 2009 to understand the exact sources and loadings.Results show that the non-point-source nitrogen and phosphorus comes mainly from the storm runoff from residential areas,citrus orchards and sloping croplands,which contributes up to 76% of the loadings in this watershed.Thus,a crucial measure for controlling non-point-source pollution is to intercept storm runoff from the three sources.Paddy fields provide a sink for non-point-source N and P by intercepting the runoff and sediment along with their different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus.The N and P removal efficiency by paddy fields from residential areas is within the range of 56% to 98%.Paddy fields are an important land-use option for reducing the non-point-source loading of N and P in the TGR area.展开更多
An improved wavelet neural network algorithm which combines with particle swarm optimization was proposed to avoid encountering the curse of dimensionality and overcome the shortage in the responding speed and learnin...An improved wavelet neural network algorithm which combines with particle swarm optimization was proposed to avoid encountering the curse of dimensionality and overcome the shortage in the responding speed and learning ability brought about by the traditional models. Based on the operational data provided by a regional power grid in the south of China, the method was used in the actual short term load forecasting. The results show that the average time cost of the proposed method in the experiment process is reduced by 12.2 s, and the precision of the proposed method is increased by 3.43% compared to the traditional wavelet network. Consequently, the improved wavelet neural network forecasting model is better than the traditional wavelet neural network forecasting model in both forecasting effect and network function.展开更多
Routing algorithm is a challenge for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), but current routing protocols for MANETs consider the path with minimum number of hops as the optimal path to a given destination. This strategy ...Routing algorithm is a challenge for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), but current routing protocols for MANETs consider the path with minimum number of hops as the optimal path to a given destination. This strategy does not balance the traffic load over a MANET, and may result in some disadvantages such as creating congested area, depleting power faster and enlarging time delay in the nodes with heavy duties. In this paper, we propose a routing scheme that balances the load over the network by selecting a path based on its mean load-square, the proposed routing metric can reflect not only the load of the path, but also the load distribution along the path. Simulation results show effectiveness of this routing scheme on balancing the load over all nodes in the network.展开更多
Traditional light bulbs (e.g., incandescent, fluorescent) use too much electricity, convert very little energy into light of sufficient quality and in their production use toxic contaminants. During the last few yea...Traditional light bulbs (e.g., incandescent, fluorescent) use too much electricity, convert very little energy into light of sufficient quality and in their production use toxic contaminants. During the last few years, a new type of light source, LED (light emitting diode) bulb, has gained increasing popularity and its costs are set to plunge even further. LED bulbs offer many advantages over traditional sources, and they can be used as a direct replacement to existing lighting. This paper will use a spreadsheet-based analysis with hourly solar data supplied by Ecotect to show that, the efficiency of LED installations can be increased when used in conjunction with photovoltaic modules, as the two generate (and use) DC (direct-current) electricity, thereby eliminating intermediate-level losses in the electronic circuitry. If a storage battery is included, the solar panels generate electricity during the times when the occupants are not necessarily using the lighting, but the stored electricity can be used to power the lighting when the energy is required. The latest results demonstrate that, a slight reduction in the required floor area to be lit allows the solar-battery-LED system to be implemented in small buildings using a storage battery size that is within the range of present commercial devices.展开更多
3 GPP LTE has approved uplink intra-cell power control and defined overload indicator (OI) for uplink inter-cell power contrQ1 to mitigate the inter-cell interference (ICI), respectively. In this pa- per, we propo...3 GPP LTE has approved uplink intra-cell power control and defined overload indicator (OI) for uplink inter-cell power contrQ1 to mitigate the inter-cell interference (ICI), respectively. In this pa- per, we propose a hierarchical power control ( HPC ) scheme where intra-eell and inter-cell power controls interact with each other. The inter-cell power control eommand is generated by radio re- source management (RRM) entity according to the ICI-load model together with the current ICI and served load information. This ICI-load model is proposed as a guideline for coordination among cells to enable the system to approach its system specific interference over thermal noise (IoT) work area. Simulation results show that for HPC scheme, the system' s IoT is well controlled to fit its pre-de- fined work area and the power efficiency is improved significantly. Our proposed scheme is also ro- bust to different settings of its inter-cell power control period.展开更多
Y2000-62075-1542 0009827可靠多媒体无线网络的发展(含8篇论文)=SessionS39:advances in reliable multimedia wireless networks[会,英]//2000 IEEE International Conference on Com-munications Vol.3 of 3.—1542~1582(HC)本部分...Y2000-62075-1542 0009827可靠多媒体无线网络的发展(含8篇论文)=SessionS39:advances in reliable multimedia wireless networks[会,英]//2000 IEEE International Conference on Com-munications Vol.3 of 3.—1542~1582(HC)本部分8篇论文的内容有:单速率有损网络最小负载多点扩播路由选择的性能分析,基于 OSI展开更多
The transmission efficiency, bulk temperature, integrate temperature, and scuffing load of test gears were investigated by a modified FZG rig. These values were measured in four different oil immersion depths with one...The transmission efficiency, bulk temperature, integrate temperature, and scuffing load of test gears were investigated by a modified FZG rig. These values were measured in four different oil immersion depths with one kind of potential oil that may be used to replace the current synthetic oil in order to find the reasonable lubricant quantity that meets not only the need of transmission performance but also the need of scuffing resistance for high-speed train gears. For the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of the test gears, there were two sensors added to measure the output torque of testing gears and the compensation torque of motor. The minimum lubrication film thickness at the pitch point was gained through an EHL model. The ratio of the film thickness A was used to identify the friction status when scuffing occurred at different oil levels. The results demonstrated that no matter what kind of the immersion depth was, the minimum film thickness on the pitch point was about 0.1 ~m and the ratio of film thickness was about 1.5 when scuffing occurred. According to the relationship of contact pressure and ratio of film thickness at the pitch point, it was found that the immersion depth of pinion should not be less than one module of the gear when the contact pressure of high-speed train gear at pitch point was about 580 MPa, which was the actual pressure at start-up stage.展开更多
A new biomimetic material for artificial blood vessel with in situ catalytic generation of nitric oxide(NO) was prepared in this study. Organoselenium immobilized polyethyleneimine as NO donor catalyst and sodium algi...A new biomimetic material for artificial blood vessel with in situ catalytic generation of nitric oxide(NO) was prepared in this study. Organoselenium immobilized polyethyleneimine as NO donor catalyst and sodium alginate were alternately loaded onto the surface of electrospun polycaprolactone matrix via electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly. This material revealed significant NO generation when contacting NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione(GSNO). Adhesion and spreading of smooth muscle cells were inhibited on this material in the presence of GSNO, while proliferation of endothelial cells was promoted. In vitro platelet adhesion and arteriovenous shunt experiments demonstrated good antithrombotic properties of this material, with inhibited platelet activation and aggregation, and prevention of acute thrombosis. This study may provide a new method of improving cellular function and antithrombotic property of vascular grafts.展开更多
This paper is to study the two-dimensional stress distribution of a finite functionally graded material (FGM) plate with a circular hole under arbitrary constant loads. Using the method of piece-wise homogeneous layer...This paper is to study the two-dimensional stress distribution of a finite functionally graded material (FGM) plate with a circular hole under arbitrary constant loads. Using the method of piece-wise homogeneous layers, the stress analysis of the finite FGM plate having radial arbitrary elastic properties is made based on the complex variable method combined with the least square boundary collocation technique. Numerical results of stress distribution around the hole are then presented for different loading conditions, different material properties and different plate sizes, respectively. It is shown that the stress concentration in the finite plate is generally enhanced compared with the case of an infinite plate, but it can be significantly reduced by choosing proper change ways of the radial elastic modulus.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program(Grant No. 2011BAD31B03)the Special Project on Water Pollution Control by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program(Grant No. 2009ZX07104-002)
文摘Non-point-source pollution has become a major threat to the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR);however,nutrient loadings from terrestrial sources are unclear due to a lack of in situ monitoring.A representative small watershed in the central part of the TGR area was selected to monitor the loss of nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) continuously along with the runoff from 2007 through 2009 to understand the exact sources and loadings.Results show that the non-point-source nitrogen and phosphorus comes mainly from the storm runoff from residential areas,citrus orchards and sloping croplands,which contributes up to 76% of the loadings in this watershed.Thus,a crucial measure for controlling non-point-source pollution is to intercept storm runoff from the three sources.Paddy fields provide a sink for non-point-source N and P by intercepting the runoff and sediment along with their different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus.The N and P removal efficiency by paddy fields from residential areas is within the range of 56% to 98%.Paddy fields are an important land-use option for reducing the non-point-source loading of N and P in the TGR area.
基金Project(50579101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘An improved wavelet neural network algorithm which combines with particle swarm optimization was proposed to avoid encountering the curse of dimensionality and overcome the shortage in the responding speed and learning ability brought about by the traditional models. Based on the operational data provided by a regional power grid in the south of China, the method was used in the actual short term load forecasting. The results show that the average time cost of the proposed method in the experiment process is reduced by 12.2 s, and the precision of the proposed method is increased by 3.43% compared to the traditional wavelet network. Consequently, the improved wavelet neural network forecasting model is better than the traditional wavelet neural network forecasting model in both forecasting effect and network function.
基金Project supported by the Development Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology (Grant No.045115012)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.T0102)the Shanghai Fiber Optics Leading Lab (Grant No.SKLSF0200505)
文摘Routing algorithm is a challenge for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), but current routing protocols for MANETs consider the path with minimum number of hops as the optimal path to a given destination. This strategy does not balance the traffic load over a MANET, and may result in some disadvantages such as creating congested area, depleting power faster and enlarging time delay in the nodes with heavy duties. In this paper, we propose a routing scheme that balances the load over the network by selecting a path based on its mean load-square, the proposed routing metric can reflect not only the load of the path, but also the load distribution along the path. Simulation results show effectiveness of this routing scheme on balancing the load over all nodes in the network.
文摘Traditional light bulbs (e.g., incandescent, fluorescent) use too much electricity, convert very little energy into light of sufficient quality and in their production use toxic contaminants. During the last few years, a new type of light source, LED (light emitting diode) bulb, has gained increasing popularity and its costs are set to plunge even further. LED bulbs offer many advantages over traditional sources, and they can be used as a direct replacement to existing lighting. This paper will use a spreadsheet-based analysis with hourly solar data supplied by Ecotect to show that, the efficiency of LED installations can be increased when used in conjunction with photovoltaic modules, as the two generate (and use) DC (direct-current) electricity, thereby eliminating intermediate-level losses in the electronic circuitry. If a storage battery is included, the solar panels generate electricity during the times when the occupants are not necessarily using the lighting, but the stored electricity can be used to power the lighting when the energy is required. The latest results demonstrate that, a slight reduction in the required floor area to be lit allows the solar-battery-LED system to be implemented in small buildings using a storage battery size that is within the range of present commercial devices.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No.2009AA011501)International S&T Cooperation Program of Shanghai Municipality(No.09530702500&10220712100)Major Project of Shanghai Municipality(No.09511501100)
文摘3 GPP LTE has approved uplink intra-cell power control and defined overload indicator (OI) for uplink inter-cell power contrQ1 to mitigate the inter-cell interference (ICI), respectively. In this pa- per, we propose a hierarchical power control ( HPC ) scheme where intra-eell and inter-cell power controls interact with each other. The inter-cell power control eommand is generated by radio re- source management (RRM) entity according to the ICI-load model together with the current ICI and served load information. This ICI-load model is proposed as a guideline for coordination among cells to enable the system to approach its system specific interference over thermal noise (IoT) work area. Simulation results show that for HPC scheme, the system' s IoT is well controlled to fit its pre-de- fined work area and the power efficiency is improved significantly. Our proposed scheme is also ro- bust to different settings of its inter-cell power control period.
文摘Y2000-62075-1542 0009827可靠多媒体无线网络的发展(含8篇论文)=SessionS39:advances in reliable multimedia wireless networks[会,英]//2000 IEEE International Conference on Com-munications Vol.3 of 3.—1542~1582(HC)本部分8篇论文的内容有:单速率有损网络最小负载多点扩播路由选择的性能分析,基于 OSI
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Plan (Grant No. 2009BAG12A02-B02-102)
文摘The transmission efficiency, bulk temperature, integrate temperature, and scuffing load of test gears were investigated by a modified FZG rig. These values were measured in four different oil immersion depths with one kind of potential oil that may be used to replace the current synthetic oil in order to find the reasonable lubricant quantity that meets not only the need of transmission performance but also the need of scuffing resistance for high-speed train gears. For the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of the test gears, there were two sensors added to measure the output torque of testing gears and the compensation torque of motor. The minimum lubrication film thickness at the pitch point was gained through an EHL model. The ratio of the film thickness A was used to identify the friction status when scuffing occurred at different oil levels. The results demonstrated that no matter what kind of the immersion depth was, the minimum film thickness on the pitch point was about 0.1 ~m and the ratio of film thickness was about 1.5 when scuffing occurred. According to the relationship of contact pressure and ratio of film thickness at the pitch point, it was found that the immersion depth of pinion should not be less than one module of the gear when the contact pressure of high-speed train gear at pitch point was about 580 MPa, which was the actual pressure at start-up stage.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB725204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51073081,31170030 and J1103503)+1 种基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13023)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(13JCYBJC24900 and 13JCZDJC-27800)
文摘A new biomimetic material for artificial blood vessel with in situ catalytic generation of nitric oxide(NO) was prepared in this study. Organoselenium immobilized polyethyleneimine as NO donor catalyst and sodium alginate were alternately loaded onto the surface of electrospun polycaprolactone matrix via electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly. This material revealed significant NO generation when contacting NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione(GSNO). Adhesion and spreading of smooth muscle cells were inhibited on this material in the presence of GSNO, while proliferation of endothelial cells was promoted. In vitro platelet adhesion and arteriovenous shunt experiments demonstrated good antithrombotic properties of this material, with inhibited platelet activation and aggregation, and prevention of acute thrombosis. This study may provide a new method of improving cellular function and antithrombotic property of vascular grafts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10972103)the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20093218110004)+1 种基金the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education (Grant No.CXZZ11_0191)Funding for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in NUAA (Grant No. BCXJ11-03)
文摘This paper is to study the two-dimensional stress distribution of a finite functionally graded material (FGM) plate with a circular hole under arbitrary constant loads. Using the method of piece-wise homogeneous layers, the stress analysis of the finite FGM plate having radial arbitrary elastic properties is made based on the complex variable method combined with the least square boundary collocation technique. Numerical results of stress distribution around the hole are then presented for different loading conditions, different material properties and different plate sizes, respectively. It is shown that the stress concentration in the finite plate is generally enhanced compared with the case of an infinite plate, but it can be significantly reduced by choosing proper change ways of the radial elastic modulus.