基于非抽样小波的红外小目标检测

在复杂背景下检测红外小目标,一直以来都是红外图像研究的重点和难点。在分析小目标红外图像基础上,提出了一种新的方法——基于UDWT变换背景抑制的检测方法,并与最近发展起来的小面型检测结果进行了比较,实验结果表明基于UDWT的方法有更好的检测能力。

LINEAR ULTRASONIC MOTOR USING LONGITUDINAL VIBRATION

A linear ultrasonic motor using longitudinal vibration of bar with varying section is proposed. The lin- ear ultrasonic motor has two varying section bars connected by semi-circumferential structure. Elliptical trajecto- ries of particles are formed on top of the semi-circumferential structure outer surface where a driving foot is locat- ed. And a mover is pushed to move linearly when the driving foot is pressed onto it. Finite element model of sta- tor is built and results of harmonic analysis verify its principle. Moreover, design requirements of the motor are analyzed through finite element analysis and the results of sensitive analysis provide an efficient way to design the type of linear ultrasonic motor. Prototype test shows that the motor can afford load of 10 N at the speed of 100 mm/s.

An Econometric Analysis on the Effect of Climate Change on Wheat Cropping Area in China

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the impact of climate change on wheat cropping by using province-specific historical data during 1996-2007. [Method] We established a panel data econometric model with lagged wheat cropping area and province-specific fixed-effects model to control the unobserved factors. [Result] The results showed that the temperature positively affects wheat cropping area, while precipitation does not have such impact. [Conclusion] The study provided empirical evidence for analysis of the determinants of wheat cropping area in China.

BUILDING A MODERATELY PROSPEROUS SOCIETY IN ALL RESPECTS——New-Type Industrialization

After announcing the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020, the Chinese leadership also called for a new path of industrialization, putting a premium on quality and new development concepts. Unlike traditional industrialization in the broad or narrow sense, new-type industrialization features synergy between primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, integration between traditional economy and the new economy, environmental protection, technology progress, and innovation. It represents an inclusive approach to industrial development. At the fundamental level, the success of China’s new-type industrialization can be attributed to China’s inclusive learning and innovations.

Comparative Study of Response Surface Designs with Errors-in-Variables Model

This paper investigates the scaled prediction variances in the errors-in-variables model and compares the performance with those in classic model of response surface designs for three factors.The ordinary least squares estimators of regression coefficients are derived from a second-order response surface model with errors in variables.Three performance criteria are proposed.The first is the difference between the empirical mean of maximum value of scaled prediction variance with errors and the maximum value of scaled prediction variance without errors.The second is the mean squared deviation from the mean of simulated maximum scaled prediction variance with errors.The last performance measure is the mean squared scaled prediction variance change with and without errors.In the simulations,1 000 random samples were performed following three factors with 20 experimental runs for central composite designs and 15 for Box-Behnken design.The independent variables are coded variables in these designs.Comparative results show that for the low level errors in variables,central composite face-centered design is optimal;otherwise,Box-Behnken design has a relatively better performance.

Use of Diesel Engine and Surface-Piercing Propeller to Achieve Fuel Savings for Inshore Fishing Boats

Fishing is a major local industry in Malaysia, particularly in rural areas. However, the rapidly increasing price of fuel is seriously affecting the industry＇s viability. At present, outboard petrol engines are the preferred choice for use in small-scale fishing boats because they deliver the advantages of high speed and low weight, they are easy to install, and they use minimal space. Petrol outboard engines are known to consume a greater amount of fuel than inboard diesel engines, but installing diesel engines with conventional submerged propellers in existing small-scale fishing boats is not economically viable because major hullform modifications and extra expenditure are required to achieve this. This study describes a proposal to enable reductions in fuel consumption by introducing the combined use of a diesel engine and Surface-Piercing Propeller （SPP）. An analysis of fuel consumption reduction is presented, together with an economic feasibility study. Resulting data reveal that the use of the proposed modifications would save 23.31 liters of fuel per trip （40.75%） compared to outboard motors, equaling annual savings of RM 3962 per year.

Application of U-fixed red wax mask in radiotherapy

Objective： The aim of our study was to compared non-red wax compensator and adding red wax compensator in the treatment plans of the minimum dose, maximum dose, mean dose and target surface dose, and compare the dose volume histograms （DVH） parameters and isodose distributions of two plans. Methods： From January 2009 to December 2010, 8 patients with superficial head and neck cancer and without surgery treatment were collected. They all confirmed by cancer center, Tianmen First People＇s Hospital. Topslane WiMRT was used to design the treatment plan of non-red wax compensator and adding red wax compensator, with 6 MV photons using three-dimensional conformal irradiation mode design, the prescription dose was 50 Gy/25 times. Results： Compared non-red wax compensator with adding red wax compensator, its target minimum dose （t = -3.157, P 〈 0.05） and the target surface dose sJgnJficantJy improved （t = -0.020, P 〈 0.05）, whJle the target maximum dose （t = -0.140, P 〉 0.05） and mean dose （t = -9.914, P 〉 0.05） were considered no significant difference. Conclusion： The use of U-shaped mask fixed red wax film production in conformal radiotherapy tissue compensator can significantly improve the surface dose and dose distribution superficial planning target volume.

Multi-environmental Evaluation of Triticale, Wheat and Barley Genotypes by GGE Biplot Analysis

The research was carried out with 9 triticale, 3 bread wheat, 3 durum wheat and 3 barley varieties and advanced lines in Tekirdag, Edime and Silivri locations during three years. In the study, the data obtained from combined variance analysis were performed and the significance of the differences between the averages was determined by LSD multiple comparison test. GGE biplot analysis and graphics were made by using the statistical package program. The genotypes G2 and G3 for thousand kernel weight, genotype G1 for the heading time and test weight, genotypes G14 and G15 for the maturation time, number of spikelets per spike and grain weight per spike and G13 for the plant height, spike length and grain yield per hectare decare revealed the highest values. The genotypes G6, GS, G4, G14, G9, G8 and G7 gave lower values than the average in terms of grain yield, whereas the other genotypes gave higher values than the general average. According to biplot graphical results, while locations 1 and 8 were closely related, locations 9, 2 and 7 were positively related to these environments. Although the location 7 is slightly different from the other 4 locations, these 5 locations can be seen as a mega environment. Genotypes G12, G2, G3 and G10 for this mega-environment showed the best performances. According to the results of grain yields obtained from 9 different locations, the location 5 was the most discriminating area while the location 1 was the least discriminating. Location 2 was the best representative location, while locations 4 and 7 were with the lowest representation capability. The locations that are both descriptive and representative are good test locations for the selection of adapted genotypes. Test environments, such as location 8, with low ability to represent are useful for selecting genotypes that perform well in specific regions if the target environments can be subdivided into sub-environments.

Determination of the High Temperature Stress Tolerances of Bread Wheat Genotypes

Thirty bread wheat genotypes were used as material during the 2014-2015 cropping season. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The sowing rate was 500 seeds square meter. Sowing was done in plots of 6 rows （1.2 m × 5 m, spaced 20 cm apart） in Namlk Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department experimental area. Two sowing times were performed. First sowing was made in November suggested usual （standard） and second one was made in January as delayed sown in order to push growing stages of plants into periods in which heat stress is expected will be effected. Sowing times were allotted to main-plots while genotypes were allotted to sub-plots. When the bread wheat varieties and lines used in the experiment are evaluated in terms of tolerance to high temperature, it was shown that Dropia and Nota varieties and CIMMYT-HTN 2014/15-2, CIMMYT-HTN 2014/15 -6, CIMMYT-HTN 2014/15 - 10 lines were better tolerance to high temperature. However, it was noticed that these genotypes were not included in the first groups in terms of grain yield. It is possible to utilize these genotypes as a genitor in cross-breeding programs for breeding studies for tolerance to high temperatures.

Intravascular ultrasound-based analysis of factors affecting minimum lumen area in coronary artery intermediate lesions

Objective To identify clinical characteristics associated with the minimum lumen area （MLA） of proximal or middle intermediate lesions in the left anterior descending （LAD） artery, and to develop a model to predict MLA. Methods We retrospectively analyzed demographic data, medical history, and intravascular ultrasound findings for 90 patients with intermediate lesions in the LAD artery. Linear regression was used to identify factors affecting MLA, and multiple regression was used to develop a model for predicting MLA. Results Age, number of lesions, and diabetes mellitus correlated significantly with MLA of proximal or middle intermediate lesions. A regression model for predicting MLA （mm2） was derived from the data： 7.00 - 0.05 × （age） - 0.50 × （number of lesions）. A cut-off value of 3.1 mm2 was proposed for deciding when to perform percutaneous coronary intervention. Conclusion This model for predicting MLA of proximal or middle intermediate lesions in the LAD artery showed high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, indicating good diagnostic potential.

Influence of Nonionic Surfactant Addition on Drag Reduction of Water Based Nanofluid in a Small Diameter Pipe

The goal of this research was to determine the impact of nonionic surfactants on drag reduction effect in water and metal oxide nanofluid. Two nonionic surfactants （Rokacet 07 and Rokanol KT） and copper（II） oxide wa- ter-based nanofluid were examined. Friction factors in a 4 mm diameter pipe for the Reynolds number between 8000 and 50000 were determined. Results showed that addition of nonionic surfactants caused the decrease of fric- tion factor in water and nanofluid. The drag reduction effect was similar in both cases. Presence of nanoparticles in the system has no great influence on drag reduction effect.

GxE Interaction Effects on Yield of Twenty-five Genotypes of Bread Wheat （Triticum Aestivum L.） during 2009 Winter in Zimbabwe

AMMI analysis was performed to assess yield stability of twenty-five bread wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） genotypes grown in a 5 ×5 Lattice Square Design at seven sites under irrigation during 2009 season. AMMI ANOVA for grain yield indicated that genotypes, environments and G×E interaction were significantly different （P 〈 0.001）. Environments, genotypes and GxE accounted for 78.9, 4.6 and 16.4% of the treatment sum of squares, respectively. The proportion of environmental and G×E interaction variation for grain yield was larger than genotypes main effects. Genotype dendogram showed nine clusters with a yield range of 6,373.546 kg·ha-1 to 7,687.243 kg.hal. W1494/6/1, SC Sky and W2045/6/13 had high yields and exhibited negligible interactions with the environment. These were widely adapted and stable across high yielding sites. RARS （Normal）, ART （Normal） and ART （Deficit） were best yielding sites among eight environmental groups. ART （Deficit） had the best mean （9,764.479 kg·ha-1） followed by RARS （Normal） at 9,522.119 kg·ha-1 Chiredzi （Group 6） had the lowest mean yield （4,393.400 kg.hal）. Results show that high yields （〉 9,000 kg·ha-1） are achievable in high altitude areas of Zimbabwe （≥1,200 masl）. Dendograms were used to characterize both genotypes and environments and the AMMI model was used to select genotypes with specific or broad adaptation.

Research on ultra-small textured surface of multicrystalline silicon solar cell

The ultra-small textured surface of multicrystalline silicon solar cell,prepared by electroless chemical-etching method,shows an excellent anti-reflection property over a wide spectral bandwidth.A novel back surface protection method and front surface passivation method have been used in the multicrystalline solar cells with ultra-small textured surfaces.With these improvements,the back surface remains intact after the etch process and the efficient minority lifetime is apparently increased.The test result shows that the solar cell with ultra-small textured surface can obtain better electrical performances by these improvements.

Operations on 3-Dimensional Small Covers

The purpose of this paper is to study relations among equivariant operations on 3-dimensional small covers. The author gets three formulas for these operations. As an application, the Nishimura＇s theorem on the construction of oriented 3-dimensional small covers and the Lu-Yu＇s theorem on the construction of all 3-dimensional small covers are improved. Moreover, for a construction of 3-dimensional 2-torus manifolds, it is shown that all operations can be obtained by using the equivariant surgeries.

Soil CO_2 Flux in Different Types of Forests Under a Subtropical Microclimatic Environment

The flux of carbon dioxide （CO2） from soil surface presents an important component of carbon （C） cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and is controlled by a number of biotic and abiotic factors. In order to better understand characteristics of soil CO2 flux （FCO2） in subtropical forests, soil FCO2 rates were quantified in five adjacent forest types （camphor tree forest, Masson pine forest, mixed camphor tree and Masson pine forest, Chinese sweet gum forest, and slash pine forest） at the Tianjiling National Park in Changsha, Hunan Province, in subtropical China, from January to December 2010. The influences of soil temperature （Tsoil）, volumetric soil water content （0soiI）, soil pH, soil organic carbon （SOC） and soil C/nitrogen （N） ratio on soil FCO2 rates were also investigated. The annual mean soil FCO2 rate varied with the forest types. The soil FCO2 rate was the highest in the camphor tree forest （3.53 ± 0.51 μmol m-2 s-I）, followed by, in order, the mixed, Masson pine, Chinese sweet gum, and slash pine forests （1.53 ± 0.25 μmol m-2 sl）. Soil FCO2 rates from the five forest types followed a similar seasonal pattern with the maximum values occurring in summer （July and August） and the minimum values during winter （December and January）. Soil FCO2 rates were correlated to Tsoil and 0soil, but the relationships were only significant for Tsoil. No correlations were found between soil FCO2 rates and other selected soil properties, such as soil pH, SOC, and C/N ratio, in the examined forest types. Our results indicated that soil FCO2 rates were much higher in the evergreen broadleaved forest than coniferous forest under the same microclimatic environment in the study region.