Adrenocorticotropin and catecholamines are the primary messengers secreted from the neuroendocrine system when mollusks are disturbed by stressors. The former induces the secretion of the latter. Both circulation nora...Adrenocorticotropin and catecholamines are the primary messengers secreted from the neuroendocrine system when mollusks are disturbed by stressors. The former induces the secretion of the latter. Both circulation noradrenaline and dopamine concentrations increase in response to stressors, such as those from mechanical stressors, variations of temperature and salinity and some parasites. Noradrenaline concentrations vary from 1ng/ml to 20 ng/ml, and dopamine concentrations vary from 0.4 ng/ml to 3 ng/ml. In turn, the change of catecholamines induces a series of responses, such as increased oxygen uptake and reallocation of energy. Stressors induce the changes of some immune parameters including the numbers of hemocytes, the hemocyte migratory activity, phagocytotic activity, the circulation catecholamine concentrations, chemiluminesence and superoxide anion production. Studies on the effect of stress on mollusks’ immune functions are rare. Stressors can exert inhibiting effects on the mollusks immune functions, and subsequently a stimulating effect takes place. In this paper, stress induced neuroendocrine and immune responses in mollusks are reviewed.展开更多
文摘Adrenocorticotropin and catecholamines are the primary messengers secreted from the neuroendocrine system when mollusks are disturbed by stressors. The former induces the secretion of the latter. Both circulation noradrenaline and dopamine concentrations increase in response to stressors, such as those from mechanical stressors, variations of temperature and salinity and some parasites. Noradrenaline concentrations vary from 1ng/ml to 20 ng/ml, and dopamine concentrations vary from 0.4 ng/ml to 3 ng/ml. In turn, the change of catecholamines induces a series of responses, such as increased oxygen uptake and reallocation of energy. Stressors induce the changes of some immune parameters including the numbers of hemocytes, the hemocyte migratory activity, phagocytotic activity, the circulation catecholamine concentrations, chemiluminesence and superoxide anion production. Studies on the effect of stress on mollusks’ immune functions are rare. Stressors can exert inhibiting effects on the mollusks immune functions, and subsequently a stimulating effect takes place. In this paper, stress induced neuroendocrine and immune responses in mollusks are reviewed.
