[Objective] The effects of wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase on blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese were studied. [ Method ] By using the randomized design of single factor, the 1-day-old healthy...[Objective] The effects of wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase on blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese were studied. [ Method ] By using the randomized design of single factor, the 1-day-old healthy goslings were divided into 6 groups and fed with corn based diet, wheat based diet and wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase at different concentrations respectively, the contents of blood sugar and total protein in serum were determined. [ Result] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could increase the blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese and wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase generated the best effect, which was higher than those of corn based diet group. As for the concentration of protein in serum, wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase was significantly different from corn based diet and wheat based diet. [ Conclusion] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could enhance geese production.展开更多
The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed...The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed that there were great differences between pollen and leaf epiderm microcosmic morphology in three species. Such characteristics of Octoploid tnticalwere between those of common wheat and Rye. The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epiderm shape counld be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species, and had somewhat scientif- ic references to identify new multiploid species created by chromosome engineering.展开更多
During the last thirty years the main interest in the medical consequences of milling of staple carbohydrate foods, particularly wheat and maize, has been in its effect on the fibre content as a result of the milling....During the last thirty years the main interest in the medical consequences of milling of staple carbohydrate foods, particularly wheat and maize, has been in its effect on the fibre content as a result of the milling. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the West saw great changes in milling processes, from stone milling using water or wind power, to increasingly sophisticated roller milling, with an展开更多
The economic losses and the health hazards of the mycotoxins produced by spoilage fungi are the main concerns of the food industry. The spoilage of bakery products by fungi is more common in countries with a high humi...The economic losses and the health hazards of the mycotoxins produced by spoilage fungi are the main concerns of the food industry. The spoilage of bakery products by fungi is more common in countries with a high humidity and temperature. About 5-10% of food production is spoiled by the growth of yeast and fungi in food materials. Similarly, in Western Europe, the growth of the spoilage fungi of bread is estimated to reach more than 200 million Euros per year. The history conditions of the food can be a major factor in determining any fungal spoilage--for example, stored and processed foods are more sensitive to spoilage when compared with fresh and prepared foods. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from Bulgarian wheat and rye flour were used in the present study to check their antifungal properties against pathogenic yeast and fungi imperfecta using standard disc diffusion method in vitro. A broad spectrum of antifungal activity of the six newly identified as L. plantarum strains e Tsl, Ts2, Ts3,Ts4 and Ts5, and L. helveticus Ts6 was estimated. Our in vitro studies were performed with wheat and rye sourdough, in order to simulate a real product and to assess the bio-protective potential of the tested lactobacilli. The used test-cultures are representatives of carcinogenic, toxigenic, deteriorative and allergenic fungi from the genera .4spergillus and Penicillium. The all tested strains completely suppress the growth of against C. glabrata 72. Strains L. plantarum Tsl and Ts3 completely suppress the growth against S. cerevisae. While, in the sample with L. plantarum strains e Tsl, Ts2, Ts3,Ts4 and Ts5, and L. helveticus Ts6, a retarded and weak growth of A. niger and P. claviforme was observed. However, the spore germination and the colony growth started only on the fifth day of the mould lactobacilli co-cultivation, which also should be considered as a good result. In this study six isolates Tsl,Ts2, Ts3, Ts4, Ts5 and Ts6, from the traditional Bulgarian wheat and rye flour have been identified as L. plantarum and L. helveticus and characterized as cultures with promising antifungal activity. Obtained results from the combined molecular identification （16S rRNA gene sequencing） approach contribute to give new data on the microbial biodiversity of this not well-studied niche. The antifungal activity of our new isolates, identified as L. plantarum and L. helveticus, seems to be a promising advantage of these six strains, suggesting their potential applications in different food technologies. However, more experiments have to be conducted to clarify the nature and the mechanisms of the reported antifungal activity and they are still in progress. The combination of dairy origin and strong inhibitory activity of the lactobacillus strains is a prerequisite for their possible application as starters and/or bioprotective antifungal adjuncts.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate the potentialities of Pseudocytisus integrifolius （Salisb） Rehder （Brassicaceae） as a botanical insecticide for the protection of stored wheat against two pests of stored grain. The ess...This study aims to evaluate the potentialities of Pseudocytisus integrifolius （Salisb） Rehder （Brassicaceae） as a botanical insecticide for the protection of stored wheat against two pests of stored grain. The essential oil of Pseudoeytisus integrifolius was tested at different doses on adults of Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. （Bostrychidae） and Sitophilus granarius Linn. （Curculionidae）, at a temperature of 28 ~C and a relative humidity of 75%. This oil has insecticidal activity and gives, for the studied adults, a very significant reduction. The essential oil extracted from Pseudocytisus integrifolius is toxic on Rhyzopertha dominica with LDs0 = 2.61 ~tL/30g grain and LDs0 = 3.99 ~L/30g grain for Sitophilus granarius, the chemical composition analysis shows the richness of the essential oil compounds known for their insecticidal properties as dimethyl disulfide （DMDS） and dimethyl trisulfide explains the results.展开更多
We investigated 15N abundance （δ15N） of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum cv. Jinmai 1） plants and soil at different growth stages in a field with a 13-year fertilization history of urea and compost, to determine w...We investigated 15N abundance （δ15N） of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum cv. Jinmai 1） plants and soil at different growth stages in a field with a 13-year fertilization history of urea and compost, to determine whether or not the δ15N of plant parts can be used as an indicator of organic amendment with compost. Plant parts （roots, leaves, stems and grains） and soil were sampled at re-greening, jointing, grain filling and mature growth stages of winter wheat. There were significant differences between the urea and compost treatments in 815N of whole plants, plant parts and soil over the whole growing season. Determination of the δ15N of plant parts was more convenient than that of whole plant to distinguish between the application of organic amendment and synthetic N fertilizer.展开更多
基金the Science and Technology Key Projects of China (2004BA514A13-9)~~
文摘[Objective] The effects of wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase on blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese were studied. [ Method ] By using the randomized design of single factor, the 1-day-old healthy goslings were divided into 6 groups and fed with corn based diet, wheat based diet and wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase at different concentrations respectively, the contents of blood sugar and total protein in serum were determined. [ Result] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could increase the blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese and wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase generated the best effect, which was higher than those of corn based diet group. As for the concentration of protein in serum, wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase was significantly different from corn based diet and wheat based diet. [ Conclusion] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could enhance geese production.
文摘The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed that there were great differences between pollen and leaf epiderm microcosmic morphology in three species. Such characteristics of Octoploid tnticalwere between those of common wheat and Rye. The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epiderm shape counld be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species, and had somewhat scientif- ic references to identify new multiploid species created by chromosome engineering.
文摘During the last thirty years the main interest in the medical consequences of milling of staple carbohydrate foods, particularly wheat and maize, has been in its effect on the fibre content as a result of the milling. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the West saw great changes in milling processes, from stone milling using water or wind power, to increasingly sophisticated roller milling, with an
文摘The economic losses and the health hazards of the mycotoxins produced by spoilage fungi are the main concerns of the food industry. The spoilage of bakery products by fungi is more common in countries with a high humidity and temperature. About 5-10% of food production is spoiled by the growth of yeast and fungi in food materials. Similarly, in Western Europe, the growth of the spoilage fungi of bread is estimated to reach more than 200 million Euros per year. The history conditions of the food can be a major factor in determining any fungal spoilage--for example, stored and processed foods are more sensitive to spoilage when compared with fresh and prepared foods. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from Bulgarian wheat and rye flour were used in the present study to check their antifungal properties against pathogenic yeast and fungi imperfecta using standard disc diffusion method in vitro. A broad spectrum of antifungal activity of the six newly identified as L. plantarum strains e Tsl, Ts2, Ts3,Ts4 and Ts5, and L. helveticus Ts6 was estimated. Our in vitro studies were performed with wheat and rye sourdough, in order to simulate a real product and to assess the bio-protective potential of the tested lactobacilli. The used test-cultures are representatives of carcinogenic, toxigenic, deteriorative and allergenic fungi from the genera .4spergillus and Penicillium. The all tested strains completely suppress the growth of against C. glabrata 72. Strains L. plantarum Tsl and Ts3 completely suppress the growth against S. cerevisae. While, in the sample with L. plantarum strains e Tsl, Ts2, Ts3,Ts4 and Ts5, and L. helveticus Ts6, a retarded and weak growth of A. niger and P. claviforme was observed. However, the spore germination and the colony growth started only on the fifth day of the mould lactobacilli co-cultivation, which also should be considered as a good result. In this study six isolates Tsl,Ts2, Ts3, Ts4, Ts5 and Ts6, from the traditional Bulgarian wheat and rye flour have been identified as L. plantarum and L. helveticus and characterized as cultures with promising antifungal activity. Obtained results from the combined molecular identification （16S rRNA gene sequencing） approach contribute to give new data on the microbial biodiversity of this not well-studied niche. The antifungal activity of our new isolates, identified as L. plantarum and L. helveticus, seems to be a promising advantage of these six strains, suggesting their potential applications in different food technologies. However, more experiments have to be conducted to clarify the nature and the mechanisms of the reported antifungal activity and they are still in progress. The combination of dairy origin and strong inhibitory activity of the lactobacillus strains is a prerequisite for their possible application as starters and/or bioprotective antifungal adjuncts.
文摘This study aims to evaluate the potentialities of Pseudocytisus integrifolius （Salisb） Rehder （Brassicaceae） as a botanical insecticide for the protection of stored wheat against two pests of stored grain. The essential oil of Pseudoeytisus integrifolius was tested at different doses on adults of Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. （Bostrychidae） and Sitophilus granarius Linn. （Curculionidae）, at a temperature of 28 ~C and a relative humidity of 75%. This oil has insecticidal activity and gives, for the studied adults, a very significant reduction. The essential oil extracted from Pseudocytisus integrifolius is toxic on Rhyzopertha dominica with LDs0 = 2.61 ~tL/30g grain and LDs0 = 3.99 ~L/30g grain for Sitophilus granarius, the chemical composition analysis shows the richness of the essential oil compounds known for their insecticidal properties as dimethyl disulfide （DMDS） and dimethyl trisulfide explains the results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30870456 and 30911130503)
文摘We investigated 15N abundance （δ15N） of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum cv. Jinmai 1） plants and soil at different growth stages in a field with a 13-year fertilization history of urea and compost, to determine whether or not the δ15N of plant parts can be used as an indicator of organic amendment with compost. Plant parts （roots, leaves, stems and grains） and soil were sampled at re-greening, jointing, grain filling and mature growth stages of winter wheat. There were significant differences between the urea and compost treatments in 815N of whole plants, plant parts and soil over the whole growing season. Determination of the δ15N of plant parts was more convenient than that of whole plant to distinguish between the application of organic amendment and synthetic N fertilizer.
