沼液与木醋液浸种对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

为探讨沼液、木醋液及二者耦合对小麦种子的浸种效果,采用沙床培养法,以小麦品种‘小偃22’为材料,分析了沼液、木醋液及沼液稀释木醋液100倍、300倍、500倍和700倍混合液浸种对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,各处理均能促进种子发芽,其中混合液500倍处理的发芽势和发芽率分别提高159.25%和11.94%;各处理均能提高幼苗株高、茎粗和壮苗指数,其中混合液500倍处理的株高、茎粗较对照分别提高48.93%和18.81%,混合液300倍处理的壮苗指数提高了26.92%;各处理均能增加根长和根条数,其中混合液300倍处理分别较对照增加43.61%和21.74%;各处理均能显著增加幼苗总鲜质量和总干质量,其中混合液500倍处理较对照分别增加62.31%和48.36%;只有沼液、木醋液处理增加了根冠比,其中木醋液处理增加4.16%。试验表明,沼液稀释木醋液500倍混合液浸种的综合效果最优。

铬胁迫下异甜菊醇浸种对小麦幼苗生长的影响

探索异甜菊醇浸种对小麦幼苗在铬胁迫条件下早期生长的影响,以杨麦2号小麦种子为实验材料,采用滤纸培养法,首先确定K2Cr O4溶液模拟铬胁迫的最佳浓度,再用10^(-10)~10^(-7)mol/L异甜菊醇对小麦种子进行浸泡预处理,并设置对照组CK(无胁迫、无预处理),模型组(有铬胁迫、无预处理)。培养7 d后,统计小麦表观生长参数(鲜苗长、鲜根长、鲜苗重、鲜根重)、根系活力、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、MDA含量以及抗氧化酶系统(SOD、POD、CAT活性)。结果表明,K_(2)CrO_(4)敏感浓度为100 mg/L,单纯铬胁迫下,与CK组相比,模型组小麦幼苗的各项生理指标均显著降低,有害物质MDA显著增加;与模型组相比,不同浓度的异甜菊醇浸种对铬胁迫条件下小麦幼苗的生理指标及抗氧化酶活性均有显著提高,其中以10^(-8)mol/L和10^(-9)mol/L异甜菊醇浓度效果最好。幼苗鲜苗重提高16.13%、12.0%;鲜根长提高107.3%、144.0%;鲜根重提高71.4%、95.2%;根系活力提高45.8%、38.3%;可溶性糖含量提高140.0%、150.0%;可溶性蛋白含量提高50.0%、75.0%;叶绿素含量提高31.8%、32.7%;MDA含量降低23.4%、23.5%;SOD活性提高85.6%、77.8%;POD活性提高36.7%、40.6%;CAT活性38.6%、59.1%。说明适宜浓度异甜菊醇(10^(-9)mol/L~10^(-8)mol/L)浸种可有效缓解铬胁迫对小麦幼苗的生长抑制作用,从而提高小麦的抗逆性。

Effects of Used Battery on Key Enzyme Activity during the Germination of Wheat Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of used battery lixivium on wheat germination. [Method] The wheat seeds were treated with used battery lix- ivium at different concentrations to detect the change of activities of amylase, pro- tease, pyruvate dehydrogenase （PDH） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） during the ger- mination period. [Result] The results showed that the used battery affected enzyme activity. With the increase of concentration of used battery lixivium, trends of the changes of amylase and protease activities were not different. The activities were en- hanced at low concentrations of lixivium, while were inhibited at high concentrations. The tends of changes of pyruvate dehydrogenase （PDH） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activities were not consistent with that of either amylase or protease, which showed continuous downward trends with the increasing concentration of used battery lixivium. [Conclusion] This study is of great practical significance for understanding the effects of used battery lixivium on the germination of wheat seeds.