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太行山山前平原近50年气候变暖特征及其对冬小麦-夏玉米作物系统的影响 被引量:16
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作者 齐永青 孙宏勇 沈彦俊 《中国生态农业学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2011年第5期1048-1053,共6页
气候变暖及其对作物系统的影响是农业应对全球变化领域的主要研究命题之一。本文以河北省石家庄为例,通过对近50年气温数据以及作物系统热量资源变化特征的分析,探讨了太行山山前平原区气候变暖对冬小麦-夏玉米作物系统的影响。山前平... 气候变暖及其对作物系统的影响是农业应对全球变化领域的主要研究命题之一。本文以河北省石家庄为例,通过对近50年气温数据以及作物系统热量资源变化特征的分析,探讨了太行山山前平原区气候变暖对冬小麦-夏玉米作物系统的影响。山前平原区近50年来明显变暖,增温速率为0.35℃.10a-1,其中冬季增温幅度最大,为0.51℃.10a-1。气候变暖对作物的影响主要体现在有效积温的增加。近20年来,>10℃积温较基准时段增加明显,农业热量资源条件改善,相当于农作物有效生育期延长10-20 d。由于较大的增温幅度及季节不均衡性,冬小麦-夏玉米作物系统受到显著影响:1990年以来,冬小麦生长季积温较基准时段上升幅度超过10%,冬前生长期积温增加易造成旺长,影响其安全越冬能力,需推迟冬小麦播种期以适应气候变暖导致的不利影响;气候变暖改善了夏玉米生育期热量条件,综合考虑其收获期因小麦晚播而相应推迟的影响,夏玉米生长季>10℃积温可超过2 900℃,满足中晚熟玉米品种平播的热量条件。 展开更多
关键词 太行山山前平原 华北平原 气候变暖 积温 小麦-夏玉米作物系统
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小麦玉米机械化生产配套种植模式与播种技术试验
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作者 陶振水 鲍辉 +1 位作者 姚蕾 袁志明 《中文科技期刊数据库(全文版)农业科学》 2023年第4期116-119,共4页
随着科学技术发展速度不断提升,我国农业现代化建设进程也随之推进,机械化种植成为农业建设重要任务目标。小麦及玉米作为保障我国粮食安全性的重要作物,其种植面积极大使得劳动强度也随之提升。机械化种植技术在有效提升种植效率以及... 随着科学技术发展速度不断提升,我国农业现代化建设进程也随之推进,机械化种植成为农业建设重要任务目标。小麦及玉米作为保障我国粮食安全性的重要作物,其种植面积极大使得劳动强度也随之提升。机械化种植技术在有效提升种植效率以及质量同时,还可以有效降低劳动强度,解放农村生产力,由此对小麦玉米机械化生产模式进行研究具有重要意义。通过试验方式对该模式进行探究可得出结论,机械化生产模式可以有效提升作物播种效率,同时在增产方面也具备显著功效。 展开更多
关键词 小麦玉米作物 机械化生产 播种试验
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Use of Waste Vegetable Biomasses Treated by Steam Explosion for the Horticultural Crop Protection
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作者 U. De Corato N. Sharma F. Zimbardi 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2011年第4期540-549,共10页
The purpose of this study was to assess the suppressive effect of Waste Vegetable Biomasses (WVBs) treated by the Steam Explosion technique in a continuous plant, against soil-borne plant pathogens. In order to asse... The purpose of this study was to assess the suppressive effect of Waste Vegetable Biomasses (WVBs) treated by the Steam Explosion technique in a continuous plant, against soil-borne plant pathogens. In order to assess their disease suppression, five WVBs (Miscanthus biomass, durum wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk and wood shaving) and commercial compost were tested in vivo at three different doses (10, 20 and 30% of potting mix) on seven horticultural pathosystems plant/fungus: tomato/Phytophthora nicotianae, cucumber/Pythium ultimum, lettuce/Fusariurn oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, melordFusariurn oxysporum f. sp. melonis, bearffRhizoctonia solani, eggplant/Verticillium dahlie and fennel/Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results showed that the corn stalk was more efficient respect to Miscanthus, compost, wheat straw, rice straw and wood shaving in all the patbosystems and at all the doses tested. The corn stalk suppression ranged from 97% in eggplant/F, dahliae to 35% in lettuce/F, oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and it was significantly higher with respect to the other substrates. In general, the wheat straw, rice straw and wood shaving were statistically found less efficient as suppressive substrate with respect to corn stalk, Miscanthus and compost at the 30% dose in four pathosystems In particular, the wood shaving suppressiveness ranged from 48% in eggplant/V, dahliae to 12% in lettuce/F, oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. The different suppressiveness observed could be attributed to different concentration of the microbial inhibitory substances (furfurals, organic acids and lignosulfonates) produced during the processing of fresh biomass. 展开更多
关键词 COMPOST disease suppression soil-borne plant pathogen steam explosion waste vegetable biomass.
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Improving Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Simultaneously for Maize and Wheat in China: A Review 被引量:60
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作者 MENG Qingfeng YUE Shanchao +2 位作者 HOU Peng CUI Zhenling CHEN Xinping 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第2期137-147,共11页
Achieving both high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) simultaneously has become a major challenge with increased global demand for food, depletion of natural resources, and deterioration of environment. A... Achieving both high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) simultaneously has become a major challenge with increased global demand for food, depletion of natural resources, and deterioration of environment. As the greatest consumers of N fertilizer in the world, Chinese farmers have overused N, and there has been poor synchrony between crop N demand and N supply because of limited understanding of the N uptake-yield relationship. To address this problem, this study evaluated the total and dynamic N requirement for different yield ranges of two major crops (maize and wheat), and suggested improvements to N management strategies. Whole-plant N aboveground uptake requirement per grain yield (Nreq) initially deceased with grain yield improvement and then stagnated, and yet most farmers still believed that more fertilizer and higher grain yield were synonymous. When maize yield increased from 〈 7.5 to 〉 12.0 Mg ha-I, Nreq decreased from 19.8 to 17.0 kg Mg-1 grain. For wheat, it decreased from 27.1 kg Mg-1 grain for grain yield 〈 4.5 Mg ha-1 to 22.7 kg Mg-1 grain for yield 〉 9.0 Mg ha-1. Meanwhile, the percentage of dry matter and N accumulation in the middle-late growing season increased significantly with grain yield, which indicated that N fertilization should be concentrated in the middle-late stage to match crop demand while farmers often applied the majority of N fertilizer either before sowing or during early growth stages. We accordingly developed an integrated soil-crop system management strategy that simultaneously increases both grain yield and NUE. 展开更多
关键词 crop N requirement high yield integrated soil-crop system management N application timing N demand
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