不同植物生长调节剂对冬小麦生长及产量的影响

为考察不同植物生长调节剂对农作物生长状况及产量的影响,以氨基寡糖素、复硝酚钠和胺鲜酯为处理药剂,以复合肥(18-15-12)为药剂载体,于冬小麦播种前底施于土壤,测定了不同生育时期冬小麦的株高、主根长、须根数、分蘖数、叶片数、顶节长、穗长、旗叶长、颖果数等指标。结果表明:氨基寡糖素在冬小麦前期能促苗生根,中期能促叶、增加分蘖数,提高冬小麦产量;复硝酚钠主要表现在中后期能促进冬小麦株高和旗叶的生长;胺鲜酯在冬小麦前期对茎叶、须根数,在中期对顶节长、颖果数具有促进作用,但后期对顶节长、旗叶长和颖果数有抑制作用;复硝酚钠和胺鲜酯均会降低冬小麦产量。

综合农艺措施与小麦高产栽培的关系初探

文章通过分析小麦生长过程来研究如何有效提升农艺栽培技术的相关问题,也期望开展研讨以后获取的结论能够为提升小麦产量提供有价值的建议。

综合农艺措施与小麦高产栽培的关系初探

我国北方地区的小麦种植一直是主要的农业作物,近年来随着小麦需求的不断提升,农艺措施也逐步应用于小麦种植中。为进一步提高小麦种植的产量及质量,以河南省小麦种植情况为例进行分析,说明小麦种植引入农艺措施的重要意义,从播种期管理、播种后管理的各环节指出如何在小麦种植中有效运用农艺措施,阐述小麦高产栽培农艺措施的发展前景,以期促进我国小麦种植的优质高产。

Effect of Controlled Release Nitrogen on Wheat Growth and Yield

[Objective] Effects of controlled release N fertilizers on wheat growth and yield were studied to provide reference for the application of controlled release fertilizers on wheat. [Method] A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different types and levels of controlled release N fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat. In this experiment, a treatment with the application of common urea and potassium chloride（common fertilizer） was established, and treatments with controlled release N fertilizers A and B with different coating materials were also established. [Result] The results showed that under the condition of the same P and K levels, controlled release N fertilizer A at a proportion of 100%, controlled release N fertilizer A at a proportion of 80% and controlled release N fertilizer B at a proportion of 80% could promote wheat growth, optimize yield components, and increase the amount of dry matter accumulation and grain yield. [Conclusion] One-time application of controlled release N fertilizer could be adopted in wheat production to achieve the purposes of saving fertilizer, saving labor and increasing efficiency.

Effect of Postponing Nitrogen Application on Growth and Yield of Different Wheat Cultivars

[Objective] The aim was to study whether there are differences in top- dressing period for wheat cultivars. [Method] With three representative wheat culti- vats selected, effects of different N topdressing period on wheat tiller dynamics and yield components were studied. [Result] Appropriately postponing N topdressing time improved the yield of wheat. Appropriate N topdressing time tended to be volatile upon wheat cultivar. Jointing stage was appropriate for topdresSing for most wheat cultivars such as Jimai 22 and Linmai No. 4 and flowering stage was appropriate for the cultivar featured by early-senescence such as LN66. [Conclusion]It is neces- sary to select the optimal topdressing time according to wheat characteristics.

Effects of Waterlogging in Different Growth Stages on the Photosynthesis,Growth,Yield,and Protein Content of Three Wheat Cultivars in Jianghan Plain

To maintain high wheat grain yield in areas where frequent and periodic waterlogging occurs,the effects of waterlogging on the photosynthesis,growth,yield,and protein content of three wheat cultivars,namely Xiangmai55(X55),Jingmai102(J102),and Zhengmai9023(Z9023),in four different growth stages were investigated.Experiments were conducted in specially designed experimental tanks in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 wheat growing seasons in China.Results showed that X55 was the most susceptible to waterlogging,followed by J102 and Z9023.Chlorophyll content reduction and leaf senescence,which resulted in decreased green-to-total leaf number ratio,were induced to the greatest extents by waterlogging in booting and flowering stages,followed by milky stage.Meanwhile,chlorophyll content in flag leaf,plant height were significantly decreased by waterlogging in jointing stage but effectively recovered after waterlogging withdrawal,and recovery ability varied among the cultivars.Plant biomass and grain yield were most significantly decreased by waterlogging in booting and flowering stages,followed by milky and jointing stages.Grain protein content was also considerably affected by waterlogging depending on growth stage and cultivars.The decreased grain yield caused by waterlogging was mostly due to the sharp decline in 1 000-grain mass.Waterlogging led to reduced protein yield in all growth stages in three wheat cultivars.Above all,in this experiment,waterlogging decreased grain yield significantly,and waterlogging at booting stage and flowering stage was most serious.Comparing the three cultivars,X55 was most sensitive to waterlogging.

Comparative Analysis of Energy Efficiency in Wheat Production in Different Climate Conditions of Europe

This paper presents results concerning energy efficiency of wheat production considered in the context of specific energy input variation in different climatic conditions of Europe as well as case studies on implementation of selected energy saving measures in practice. The source data collected from the six european union （EU） countries represent five agricultural regions of continental Europe and three climates： continental, temperate and Mediterranean. The life cycle assessment （LCA） methodology was applied to analyze the data excluding of pre-farm gate activities. The total primary energy consumption was decomposed into main energy input streams and it was regressed to yield. In order to compare energy efficiency of wheat production across the geographical areas, the data envelopment analysis （DEA） was applied. It was shown that the highest wheat yield （6.7 t/ha to 8.7 t/ha） at the lowest specific energy input （2.08 GJ/t to 2.56 G J/t） is unique for temperate climate conditions. The yield in continental and Mediterranean climatic conditions is on average lower by 1.3 t/ha and 2.7 t/ha and energy efficiency lower by 14% and 38%, respectively. The case studies have shown that the energy saving activities in wheat production may be universal for the climatic zones or specific for a given geographical location. It was stated that trade-offs between energy, economic, and environmental effects, which are associated with implementation of a given energy saving measure or a set of measures to a great extent depend on the current energy efficiency status of the farm and opportunity for investment, which varies substantially across Europe.

Analysis on evolution of wheat variety in Henan

The essential factor that affects wheat production is variety. The paper reviews the history of fifty seven years since establishment of China about evolution of wheat variety in Henan and divides it into four periods according to historical background and nine generations in terms of developing trend of wheat variety evolution. The analysis on characteristics and influence of wheat variety evolution to wheat production indicates the regulation and contribution of wheat variety evolution, which provides reference for breeding, extending and updating of wheat variety in Henan.

Effect of Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Wheat Growth and Yield

In order to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation at various growth stages on wheat growth and yield, a field experiment was conducted in the 2008-2009 growing season based on the completely randomized block with four replications at the experimental farm of the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, located at Badjgah. Treatments involved 13 irrigation regimes which applied in stem elongation, heading and grain filling growth stages. The highest seed yield （4,333 kg-ha-1） and the lowest ones （1,377 kg＇hal） were obtained from T1 （100% field capacity （FC） in all growth stages） and T13 （50% FC in all growth stages）, respectively. With limitation in water amount seed yield was diminished, but this trend was not significant at T4 （100%, 100% and 50% FC） and TI 1 （100%, 100% and 75~/0 FC）. Stepwise regression results revealed that, seed number per spike had the largest contribution （partial R2 = 0.72） in seed yield variation. Also at TI, T4, and TI 1 treatments （well water treatments） as well as TI3 （sever stress） head number m2 contribute most in seed yield determination （partial R2 = 0.96）. It can be concluded that water shortage during the grain filling period and its allocation to the other consecutive crop, can increase crop production in southern regions of Iran.

Production and Quality Evaluation of Pringles from Composite Flour of Cocoyam and Wheat Flour

Work assessed ＂Pringles＂ as an imitate snack produced from composite flour of cocoyam and wheat. This was carried out in order to exploit the nutritional and aesthetic value of cocoyam （Colocasia escullenta Vat.） to improve the overall quality of the Pringles as against its production from potato and wheat composite flour. Composite flour （100%：0%, 90%：10%, 80%：20%, 70%：30%, 60%：40% and 50%：50%） of cocoyam and wheat respectively as the major raw materials were adopted and used for the production of the Pringles. Physicochemical analysis （pH, water absorption capacity （WAC）, bulk density （BD） and swelling capacity （SC））; proximate analysis （protein, fats, ash, moisture and carbohydrate content） and sensory evaluation （colour, texture, taste and overall acceptability） were carried out on the samples produced using standard methods. Physicochemical analysis showed the pH of 5.48 to 6.61, WAC （12.00 to 17.50）, BD （1.43 to 1.56） and SW （1.03 to 1.38）. However, sample with 10% cocoyam and 90% wheat composite flour gave the best physicochemical properties of pH （5.98）, WAC （14.00）, BD （1.56） and SC （1.38）. The proximate analysis showed that carbohydrate content ranging between 53.36 to 61.12, and protein content （8.17 to 12.29）, fat content （16.67 to 23.97）, ash content （3.49 to 45.53）, fiber content （1.71 to 2.83） and moisture content （8.76 to 14.54）. Sample B equally gave the nutrient proximate combination of appreciable percentage on the average. The result of the sensory evaluation showed that there is no significant difference between the samples produced in terms of aroma. There is a significant different between samples A, B and the remaining samples in terms of colour and taste. On the overall acceptability, samples A, C and D showed no significant difference but the highest mean score was found with sample B. Conclusively, acceptable snack （Pringles） can be produced from cocoyam and wheat in ratio 90%： 10%, respectively.

Excess Levels of ILysine and Threonine in Low Protein, Wheat-based Diets on Serum Amino Acid Concentrations and Performance of Growing Pigs

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth response and serum concentrations （SC） of amino acids （AA） in pigs fed wheat-based diets with either deficient, adequate or excess Lys and Thr. Previously, the standardized ileal digestibilities of AA in a basal diet were determined with five ileal cannulated pigs in a digestion trial. In experiment 1, 21 pigs （12.5±0.91 kg） were used to evaluate the effect of adding 0%, 0.69%, and 1.38% free L-Lys. The best growth response was obtained with 0.69% added L-Lys, equivalent to 1.05% total in the diet. The SC of Arg, Thr, and Val were lower （P 〈 0.05） in pigs fed the Lys adequate diet, compared to the deficient, but no further change occurred with excess Lys （P 〉 0.10）. Lys SC increased with each increment in the dietary Lys content （P 〈 0.05）. In experiment 2, 20 pigs （14.3 ± 1.57 kg） were used, and the addition of 0%, 0.14%, 0.28%, and 0.42% crystalline Thr, to the 0.69% L-Lys-supplemented basal diet, was evaluated. The best response was obtained with added 0.28% L-Thr, （0.66% total Thr）, but excess Thr reduced feed intake and growth rate. Moderate and excess levels of Yhr increased the SC of Thr, but excess reduced those of Va[ and Lys. These data show that excess Thr, but not Lys, affect the performance of growing pigs. Also, these data indicate that Val may become limiting in low protein diets with excess Lys or Thr.

Exploration on the Regularity of Nitrogen Requirement of Zhoumai 22 in the Condition of Yield Increase of Wheat-maize Integration

[Objective] In this study, the aim was to explore the annual dosage and allocation proportion of nitrogenous fertilizer for Zhoumai 22 in the condition of wheat-maize integration. [Method] The rules of growth and yield variation of Zhoumai 22 under different dosages of nitrogenous fertilizer and different distribution ratios were studied. [Result] With the increase of nitrogenous fertilizer application and distribution rate from maize to wheat, the physiological indexes of Zhoumai 22 population showed an increasing trend, while the yield presented the variation trend of increasing firstly and decreasing then. [Conclusion] Annual amount of nitrogenous fertilizer of 600 kg/hm2 and the distribution ratio of 5：5 in the condition of wheat- maize integration was beneficial to the high yield of the whole year＇s crops and Zhoumai 22.

Effects of Subsoiling on Some Soil Physical Properties and Wheat Yield in a Dry Land Ecological Condition

In order to evaluate the effect of subsoiling on the soil physical properties and wheat yield in dry land conditions, this research was conducted in Mamassani area of Fars province in Iran. The experiment was laid down in the form of a complete block experimental design with four treatments and four replications for three years. Treatments included： （1） conventional tillage without using subsoiler which was control treatment （So）; （2） using subsoiler with the shank space of 40 cm which was equal to the subsoiling depth （SO; （3） using subsoiler with the shank space of 60 cm which was 1.5 times of the subsoiling depth （S2）; and （4） using subsoiler with the shank space of 80 cm which was 2 times of the subsoiling depth （S3）. Subsoiling depth was set at 40 cm which was the lower limit of the hard pan depth in the soil. Soil cone index, soil bulk density, soil moisture content, wheat yield, and yield components were measured in this study and SAS software was used to analyze the collected data. Results showed that subsoiling decreased the soil bulk density and cone index, and increased water retention of the soil. Results also revealed that applying subsoiler increased wheat yield and yield components in our dry land conditions. Since subsoiling improved soil physical conditions and increases wheat yield, applying subsoiler in such a dry land conditions is therefore recommended. Results of this study also showed that subsoiling with the shank space of 40 cm and 60 cm had better performance compared to the shank space of 80 cm. On the other hand, shank space of 40 cm reduced the subsoiler effective working width and consequently effective field capacity. Therefore, subsoiler with a shank space of 60 cm is recommended for application in dry land soils of our type.