关于小麦选育及栽培技术要点

小麦是我国重要的粮食作物之一,对于保障国家粮食安全具有非常重要的意义。随着社会经济发展和人民生活水平提高,对高质量、高产量小麦需求越来越大。因此,加强小麦育种研究与推广工作,不断提升小麦产量和品质显得尤为迫切。科学的小麦选育和栽培技术有利于实现小麦增产增收,推动农业可持续发展。本文以宁夏平罗县为例,对小麦选育以及栽培技术要点展开分析,为相关从业者提供一定参考。

小麦品种选育及田间管理技术研究

【目的】研究小麦品种选育及田间管理技术,促进小麦的产量和品质提升。【方法】在小麦品种选育阶段,在确定具体选育目标的前提下,选取具有A目标性状的小麦品种作为母本,将具有B性状的小麦品种作为选育的父本,对二者进行多代杂交处理,经过5代杂交择优后,将目标选育性状稳定一致的优系作为最终的选育结果。在小麦田间管理阶段,整地的主要目的是保障耕地墒情在20.0%以上,同时进行除虫和施肥处理,并结合小麦不同生长阶段的客观需求,在保障全苗率的前提下,合理施用不同类型的肥料,以提升小麦产量。【结果】应用设计的小麦品种选育及田间管理技术后,小麦产量增幅达到了10.0%以上,对应的品质也得到了提升。【结论】小麦品种选育及田间管理技术应用效果较好,有助于促进小麦产量及品质的提升。

高产抗旱小麦新品种烟农836的选育及栽培技术

烟农836是烟台市农业科学研究院利用返回式卫星搭载以山农721511为母本、鲁麦21为父本有性杂交选育出的烟9292高代品系,经太空处理8 d后再经系统选育而成的高产、抗旱小麦新品种。2010年通过山东省审定委员会审定,2011年和2012年被列入山东省小麦主导品种。

Study on High-Eefficient Breeding Technology Platform of Dwarf Male-Sterile Wheat

[Purpose] The paper is to discuss the high-efficient breeding technology platform of dwarf male-sterile wheat.[Method] Conclusion was made upon the development of the creation and application of dwarf male-sterile wheat,and the conception of introducing haploid breeding technology into the technological system of high-efficient breeding of dwarf male-sterile wheat was proposed.[Result] Dwarf male-sterile wheat not only retains the properties of total male abortion of Taigu Genetic Sterile Wheat,steady sterility,and high hybrid rate after open pollination,but also has the characteristic of high dwarfing ability of Aibian No.1,becoming a comparatively ideal population modification means.At present,the application of dwarf male-sterile wheat mainly includes germplasm resources platform of population modification by using dwarf male-sterile wheat,technology platform of constructing new high-efficient breeding system by using dwarf male-sterile wheat,and production platform of using dwarf male-sterile wheat to breed new varieties.Through the introduction of haploid breeding into the already established wheat high-efficient breeding system,a new system of high-efficient biological breeding technology of dwarf male-sterile wheat was constructed theoretically.[Conclusion] The study provides references to the further study and application of dwarf male-sterile wheat.

Breeding of New Winter Wheat Variety Nongda No.399

The winter wheat variety Nongda No. 399 was developed by Agriculture and Biotechnology College of China Agricultural University and Hebei Jincheng Seed Corporation Ltd. with the characteristics of high yield, high-resistance and wide adaptation. The variety is suitable for direct seeding in the winter wheat planting area of the central and southern Hebei Province.