黄芪发酵产物对小鼠急性肺损伤的近红外荧光活体成像研究

目的:研究黄芪发酵产物(HF)拮抗脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的干预效果,初步探讨其作用机制,并为其开发利用提供参考依据。方法:60只BALB/c小鼠按体质量随机分成空白对照组、模型组、舒普深组(0.3 g/kg)及HF低、中、高剂量组(12.5、25、50 g/kg),每组10只,根据文献方法采用吸入脂多糖法复制小鼠ALI模型,各组处理4周后,采用近红外荧光系统对小鼠活体成像进行观察,ELISA法检测小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1水平,Western blot法检测肺组织TLR4的表达,并进行肺部病理学观察。结果:模型组近红外荧光活体成像荧光信号最强,各给药组呈现不同程度的减弱的荧光信号。与模型组比较,舒普深组、HF中剂量组、HF高剂量组小鼠体质量不同程度的增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);HF中剂量组的TNF-α、IL-6的水平降低(P<0.05);HF高剂量组的TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6的水平降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);HF高剂量组TLR4表达水平降低(P<0.05)。病理学研究表明,HF能够降低脂多糖诱导的ALI小鼠的肺组织损伤程度。结论:黄芪发酵产物对脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤具有保护作用,机制可能与其抑制TLR4通路发挥抗炎作用有关。

小剂量丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠对急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的观察丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液对内毒素诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠动脉氧分压、支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞总数计数及中性粒细胞分类、小鼠血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平、光镜下病理学变化的影响,探讨对急性肺损伤的保护作用。方法取健康成年雄性KM小鼠54只,采用气管内滴注内毒素法复制急性肺损伤模型动物模型。将小鼠随机分为对照组、损伤组和丹参酮ⅡA组。记录小鼠动脉氧分压、支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞总数计数及中性粒细胞分类、小鼠血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平、光镜下病理学变化的影响。结果病理学检查:实验第24小时对照组小鼠肺泡结构清晰,肺泡壁薄,肺泡内未见水肿液;损伤组内毒素损伤后实验第24小时无法分辩肺泡结构,肺内大量炎细胞浸润(以中性粒细胞为主)伴出血、水肿、透明膜形成;丹参酮ⅡA组实验第24小时肺泡结构仍存在,但肺泡间隔增厚,中性粒细胞浸润明显减轻,肺泡腔内见少量渗出。损伤组小鼠实验第2、6、24小时动脉血氧分压小鼠明显低于对照组和丹参酮ⅡA组(P<0.01);支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞总数计数明显高于对照组和丹参酮ⅡA组(P<0.01)。对照组和丹参酮ⅡA组实验第2小时血清肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显低于损伤组(P<0.01);损伤组实验第2、6、24小时支气管肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01);丹参酮ⅡA组实验第6小时支气管肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。丹参酮ⅡA组实验第2、6小时支气管肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显低于损伤组(P<0.01)。结论丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液对内毒素诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠有明显的保护作用。

Microcirculation disturbance affects rats with acute severe pancreatitis following lung injury

AIM: To study the effects of microcirculation disturbance(MD) on rats with acute severe pancreatitis (ASP).METHODS: We developed ASP rat models, and anatomized separately after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 h. We took out blood and did hemorrheologic examination and erythrocyte osmotic fragility test, checked up the water content, capillary permeability, and genetic expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in lung tissues, examined the apoptosis degree of blood vessel endothelium while we tested related gene expression of Bax and Bcl-2in lung tissues. We did the same examination in control group.RESULTS: The viscosity of total blood and plasma, the hematocrit, and the erythrocyte osmotic fragility were all increased. Fibrinogen was decreased. The water content in lung tissues and capillary permeability were increased.Apoptosis degree of blood vessel endothelium was increased too. ICAM-1 genetic expression moved up after1 h and reached its peak value after 9 h.CONCLUSION: MD plays an important role in ASP following acute lung injury (ALI). The functional damage of blood vessel endothelium, the apoptosis of capillary vessel endothelium, WBC edging-concentration and the increasing of erythrocyte fragility are the main reasons of ALI.

Lipopolysaccharide Challenge Induces Long Pentraxin 3 Expression in Mice Independently from Acute Lung Injury

Objective To determine whether the onset of acute lung injury （ALl） induces the up-regulation of pentraxin 3 （PTX3） expression in mice and whether PTX3 concentration in the biofluid can help recognizing sepsis-induced ALI. Methods Wild-type C57BL/6 mice （12-14 weeks old） were randomly divided into 3 groups. Mice in the group 1 （n=12） and group 2 （n=12） were instilled with lipopolysaccharide via intratracheal or intraperitoneal routes, respectively. Mice in the group 3 （n=8） were taken as blank controls. Pulmonary morphological and functional alterations were measured to determine the presence of experimental ALl. PTX3 expression in the lung was quantified at both protein and mRNA levels. PTX3 protein concentration in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was measured to evaluate its ability to diagnose sepsis-induced ALI by computing area under receiver operator characteristic curve （AUROCC）. Results ALl was commonly confirmed in the group 1 but never in the other groups. PTX3 expression was up-regulated indiscriminately among lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. PTX3 protein concentration in the biofluid was unable to diagnose sepsis-induced ALl evidenced by its small AUROCC. PTX3 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not correlate with that in serum. Conclusions Lipopolysaccharide challenges induced PTX3 expression in mice regardless of the presence ofALI. PTX3 may act as an indicator of inflammatory response instead of organ injury per se.

Serial analysis of gene expression in mice with lipopoly-saccharide-induced acute lung injury

Objective: To monitor the systemic gene expression profile in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Methods: Acute lung injury was induced by intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide in 3 mice. Another 3 normal mice receiving same volume of normal saline were taken as the controls. The comprehensive gene expression profile was monitored by the recently modified long serial analysis of gene expression. Results: A total of 24 670 tags representing 12 168 transcripts in the control mice and 26 378 tags representing 13 397 transcripts in the mice with lung injury were identified respectively. There were 11 transcripts increasing and 7 transcripts decreasing more than 10 folds in the lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. The most overexpressed genes in the mice with lung injury included serum amyloid A3, metallothionein 2, lipocalin 2, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, lactate dehydrogenase 1, melatonin receptor, S100 calcium-binding protein A9, natriuretic peptide precursor, etc. Mitogen activated protein kinase 3, serum albumin, complement component 1 inhibitor, and ATP synthase were underexpressed in the lung injury mice. Conclusions: Serial analysis of gene expression provides a molecular characteristic of acute lung injury.