论中医思维之少年化

作为中国传统文化结晶的中医学,其未来发展面临已输起跑、困阻重重、夺冠艰难以及我国医者不能自医等困境。依据少年时期记忆能力强、接受速度快等特点,以及国内中医高校举办少年班已初见成效,提出了振兴中医的有效途径——实施中医思维之少年化,政府应总揽全局,确保中医少年班在高等院校中早日建立与正常运行,使中医思维从少年开始形成,以振兴中医,增强民族体质。

新时代党的创新理论“青少年化”阐释研究

推进新时代党的创新理论“青少年化”需要从打造专业化宣教队伍、创新思政课课堂教学方式、提高传播媒体专业化素养、运用贴近青少年生活的语言、完善完善新时代党的创新理论青少年化评价机制等方面入手,着力解决党的创新理论融入课堂教学不够及时、手段不够丰富、评价机制不够完善等问题。

生命意义感与青少年内外化问题行为的关系:社会联结和心理韧性的链式中介作用

目的:探讨生命意义感与青少年内外化问题行为内在机制。方法:采用生命意义感量表、抑郁—焦虑—压力量表、攻击性量表、社会联结量表和心理韧性量表,针对472名大学生进行调查。结果:中介模型检验发现,对于内化问题行为,生命意义感的直接效应显著(β=-0.457,P<0.001),经过社会联结、心理韧性的链式中介后,直接效应仍显著(β=-0.135,P<0.01);对于外化问题行为,生命意义感的直接效应显著(β=-0.307,P<0.001),但经过社会联结、心理韧性的链式中介后,直接效应不显著(P>0.05)。结论:社会联结、心理韧性的链式关系部分中介了生命意义感对内化问题行为的影响,而完全中介了对于外化问题行为的影响。

人性特点、社会伦理的层次性与青少年教化——当代生物学、社会学对于青少年社会规范教育的启示

青少年伦理道德素质的提升,是当今青少年教育的重要内客。教育的关键在于主动运用现代科学的新成果,在切实把握人与社会伦理规范之特性的前提下,将不可或缺的规范教化与永恒的道德理想追求结合起来,根据青少年的发育特点分阶段实施之,以期获取最佳的效果。

不是男性女性化而是青少年柔弱化

对于全国政协委员提出《关于防止男性青少年女性化的提案》中的男性青少年女性化现象,并不是强调性别的刻板差异,而是青少年体质普遍下降的问题,所以准确的表述应该是:男孩子不健壮,女孩子不健美。过去的三十年里,针对体质下降现象,采取了种种政策措施以及具体执行手段,上到全国性质的阳光体育运动,下到区域性的特色体育项目及课程。进入新时代,针对学生的个体差异,我们要做到精准测量,精准分析,精准干预,借助科学技术手段进行实时监控。

家庭功能对青少年内外化问题行为的影响:共情和情绪能力的多重中介作用

目的探析共情和情绪能力在家庭功能和青少年内外化问题行为关联之间的中介作用。方法采用成都儿童正向成长队列中2022年6–7月调查数据,研究对象为成都市6所中小学5~9年级学生。分别使用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、中国家庭评估测量工具(C-FAI)、人际反应指数中文版共情分量表(C-IRI)、中国积极青年发展量表(CPYD)情绪能力(EC)分量表评估调查对象的内外化问题行为、家庭功能、共情和情绪能力,以各量表总得分分别除以各维度条目数后的平均分为其最终得分。采用独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析,考察在不同人口统计学特征(性别、年级和地区)学生群体间,家庭功能、共情、情绪能力和内外化问题行为间的差异。采用Pearson相关分析考察家庭功能、共情、情绪能力与内外化问题行为之间的关系。使用AMOS 24.0验证假设模型,并通过结构方程模型检验共情和情绪能力在家庭功能与青少年内外化问题行为间的中介作用。结果本研究共纳入研究对象3026名,其中男生1548人(51.16%),女生1478人(48.84%);5年级798人(26.37%),6年级738人(24.39%),7年级567人(18.74%),8年级614人(20.29%),9年级309人(10.21%);城镇2064人(68.21%),农村962人(31.79%)。差异性分析结果显示,青少年内外化问题行为在不同年级学生之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.004),且家庭功能、共情能力得分在不同年级学生间差异也有统计学意义(均P<0.001),而青少年内外化问题行为在不同性别和地区间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.919,0.959)。相关性分析结果显示,家庭功能得分(得分越高家庭功能越差)与共情、情绪能力均呈负相关(r=−0.482、−0.432,P<0.01),与内外化问题行为呈正相关(r=0.220,P<0.01);共情与情绪能力呈正相关(r=0.402,P<0.01);共情、情绪能力与内外化问题行为各维度均呈负相关(r=−0.115、−0.305,P<0.01)。情绪能力在家庭功能与青少年内外化问题行为之间起部分中介作用,中介效应值为0.042(95%CI:0.031~0.057);共情、情绪能力在家庭功能与青少年内外化问题行为之间起链式中介作用,中介效应值为0.010(95%CI:0.007~0.014)。结论家庭功能可直接、并通过共情和情绪能力的链式中介作用影响青少年内外化问题行为。

Effect of Different Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on the Growth,Body Composition,and Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities of Juvenile Yellow Drum Nibea albiflora(Richardson)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein-to-lipid ratio for juvenile Nibea albiflora with an initial weight of(11.76 ± 0.20) g.Nine experimental diets containing different concentrations of protein(40%,47%,or 54%) and lipids(5%,9%,or 13%) in a 3 × 3 factorial experimental design were tested in triplicate groups of fish,while the protein-to-energy(P/E) ratios of the diets varied in the range of 19.74–28.32 mg k J^(-1).Results showed that fish fed diets containing 9% or 13% lipids with 54% protein exhibited significantly higher weight gains and specific growth rates than those fed other diets.The feed conversion rate of fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 5% lipids was significantly poorer than that of fish fed other diets.The protein efficiency rate of fish fed diets with 5% lipids was significantly lower than that of fish fed 9% or 13% lipid diets.Carcass lipid and energy contents were positively correlated with dietary lipid level regardless of protein level.Fish fed a 54% protein diet showed the highest trypsin activity.The intestinal lipase activity of fish fed the diet containing 13% lipids was significantly higher than that of fish fed 5% or 9% lipid diets.These results demonstrate the high protein dietary requirements of N.albiflora.A diet containing 54% protein and 9%–13% lipids with a P/E ratio of 26.2–27.81 mg protein k J^(-1) can be considered optimal for juvenile N.albiflora.

Changes in growth and osmoregulation during acclimation to saltwater in juvenile Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii

We evaluated the ability of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) to osmoregulate and grow in saltwater. Hatchery-reared juveniles (mean weight 106.8 g, 5-month old) were transferred from freshwater to 10, 20, and 25 salinity saltwater over a period of 20 d. We measured the growth, serum osmolality, ion concentrations, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. In addition, we prepared samples of gill tissue to quantify morphological changes in gill ultrastructure. Rearing in up to 25 saltwater for 30 d had no significant effect on growth. Similarly, serum osmolality and ion concentrations were similar to levels reported in other teleosts following acclimation to saltwater. Serum osmolality and Na+, Cl- concentrations increased significantly with the initial increase in salinity. Afterwards, levels tended to stabilize and then decrease. Serum K+ levels did not change during acclimation to saltwater. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased initially as salinity was increased. However, the activity later decreased and, finally stabilized at 3.7±0.1 μmol Pi/mg·prot·h in 25 saltwater (1.6 times higher than the level in those in freshwater). In fish that were held only in freshwater, the chloride cells were located in the interlamellar regions of the filament and at the base of the lamella. Following acclimation to 25 saltwater for 30 d, the number and size of chloride cells increased significantly. Our results suggest that juvenile Amur sturgeon is able to tolerate, and grow in, relatively high concentrations of saltwater.

Mercury (Hg^(2+)) effect on enzyme activities and hepatopancreas histostructures of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

We studied the effects of mercury (Hg2+) on antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities in terms of LC50 value and on hepatopancreas histostructures of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis in 40-day exposure to various concentrations of Hg2+ (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mg/L). The results show that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) significantly increased in the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L, while that of enzyme decreased in 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg/L treatments. Meanwhile, Hg2+ disrupted the histostructures of the hepatopancreas, causing decreases in activities of pepsin, tryptase, amylase, and cellulose, which are synthesized in the hepatopancreas. Moreover, as the Hg2+ concentration increased, the survival rate of the crabs decreased, worst at 56.57% in 0.30 mg/L. Therefore, although crabs are able to tolerate low levels of mercury pollution, high levels lead to cellular injury and tissue damage in hepatopancreas, which then loses some of its vital physiological functions such as absorption, storage, and secretion.

Effects of water-current speed on hematological,biochemical and immune parameters in juvenile tinfoil barb,Barbonymus schwanenfeldii(Bleeker,1854)

This study examines the effect of water-current speed on hematological,biochemical and immune parameters in juvenile tinfoil barb(B arbonymus schwanenfeldii). Blood samples were taken on days 1,23 and 45 from control fish and from two training groups maintained at current speeds of 0.06 bl/s(body length per second),0.66 bl/s,and 1.92 bl/s,respectively. Significantly increased red-blood-cell counts and hematocrit were observed in the post-training groups on days 23 and 45. Significantly increased hemoglobin concentrations were also observed in the 1.92 bl/s group on days 23 and 45. In contrast,values of mean corpuscular volume were significantly lower in the 1.92 bl/s group than in the other groups on day 45. Nitroblue-tetrazolium-positive cells and lysozyme and superoxidase dismutase activities in the plasma increased significantly with increasing training intensity on days 23 and 45. Antibacterial activities were significantly increased in the trained groups compared with the control group on day 23; significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the 1.92 bl/s groups on day 45. Therefore,training intensities of 0.66 and 1.92 bl/s enhanced the blood oxygen-carrying capability and plasma immune parameters of juvenile tinfoil barbs.

Mexican Identity on YouTube： A Youngsters＇ User Approach

The work at hand analyzes the visibility of cultural identity of＂Mexico＂ on the YouTube platform （Retrieved from http：//www.youtube.com）. It is focused on qualitative and quantitative analyses of a sampling of 80 videos that appear when the word ＂Mexico＂ is applied in various search formats within the site itself. User profile is also analyzed, along with video title, labels, date of upload, length, view count, thematic category, and commentaries. From this sampling of videos, an analysis is made upon the cultural identity of ＂Mexico＂ within a postmodernist framework of multicultural, fragmented, and decentralized identities （Friedman, 1994）, parting from the theory of cultural hybridization （Pieterse, 2004）, and under the logic of a media convergent culture （Jenkins, 2004a）.

Economic and Social Impact of China’s Aging Population and Public Policy Response

In mapping out China’s future development,policymakers must bear in mind the challenges from a falling birthrate and aging society.Based on previous demographic censuses and original data of large sample surveys,this study employed an indirect method for estimating China’s total fertility rate(TFR)and a demographic forecast method based on the parity progression ratio(PPR).Our analysis details the socioeconomic implications behind demographic change,and we have proposed public policy countermeasures.The findings include:(i)China’s ultra-low fertility rate over the past three decades has led to an increasingly aging society,and China’s future fertility rate is likely to continue to decrease.(ii)Around 2024,China’s total population is expected to peak at 1.407 billion,followed by chronic negative population growth at an accelerating pace.By 2050,China’s newborn population will shrink to 8.73 million and the aging population will increase to roughly 30%of the total population resulting in the total dependency ratio above 50%.(iii)With a falling birthrate and aging society,China will face unprecedented challenges with respect to education,employment,and pension.(iv)As a public policy response,China should remove birth control altogether.If the fertility rate continues to stall,policymakers should consider issuing policies to encourage birth and create a birth-friendly society for all birth cycles.

Effects of Dietary Soy Isoflavones on Feed Intake,Growth Performance and Digestibility in Juvenile Japanese Flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soy isoflavones on feeding intake,growth performance,and digestion of juvenile Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Four isonitrogenous(49% crude protein) and isoenergetic(20.1 MJ kg-1) diets were formulated to contain four graded levels of soy isoflavones,namely,0,1,4 and 8 g soy isoflavones in 1 kg of diet.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate tanks of fish(Initial average weight:2.58 g ± 0.01 g),and each tank was stocked with 35 fish.No significant difference was observed among diets with levels of 0,1 and 4 g kg-1 soy isoflavones in feed intake,weight gain,feed efficiency ratio(FER),proximate composition of fish whole body and apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of nutrients and energy(P>0.05).However,high dietary soy isoflavones level(8 g kg-1) significantly depressed weight gain,FER,whole-body crude lipid content of fish and ADC of nutrients(P<0.05).These results indicate that high level of dietary soy isoflavones(above 4 g kg-1) significantly depresses growth responses and FER of Japanese flounder.However,as the content of soy isoflavones in soybean meal is around 1 to 3 g kg-1,the adverse effects might be neglected when soybean products are used as a fish feed ingredient.

Local Literature in a Global World？ Catalan Literature for Children and Young People

This paper is part of a wider project being carried out by the Research Group Literary Education, Culture and Society, which has been subsidised by the Ministry of University of Spain. Our project＇s main aim is the close study of three closely interrelated phenomena, globalisation, exclusion and multiculturality, in order to determine the influences on the children and young people Literature. We intend in this paper to show the results of a first research made in a smaller corpus in order to better draw up the entire project.

Profiling and Comparison of Color Body Wall Transcriptome of Normal Juvenile Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) and Those Produced by Crossing Albino

Sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) is one of the most important aquaculture animals in China. Usually its normal body color is black that fits its living environment. The juvenile individuals obtained by crossing albino sea cucumber segregated in body color. To document the transcriptome difference between albino associating sea cucumber and the control, we sequenced their transcriptomes with RNA-seq. Approximately, 4.790 million(M) and 4.884 M reads, 200 nt in length, were generated from the body wall of albino associating sea cucumber and the control, respectively, from them, 9550(46.81%) putative genes were identified. In total, 583 genes were found to express differentially between albino associating sea cucumber and the control. Of these differentially expressed genes(DEGs), 4.8% changed more than five-folds. The expression levels of eight DEGs were confirmed with real-time PCR. The changing trend of these DEGs detected with real-time PCR agreed well with that detected with RNA-seq, although the change degree of some DEGs was different. Four significantly enriched pathways were identified for DEGs, which included phagocytosis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion. These pathways were helpful for understanding the physiological difference between albino associating sea cucumber and the control.

Confessions of a Closet Comic Book Reader： How Comics Warped Minds and Challenged Cultural Standards

In 1952, the federal government was called upon to investigate the comic book industry in order to determine if reading comic books influenced juvenile delinquency. The United States could not afford to look weak from any angle; the idea of Communist nations exploiting moral weakness of any kind was frightening to many. However, the Soviets were already aware of moral issues on the American home front that were affecting the health of the nation, such as civil rights, sexism （sexual confusion）, a rise in fascism, and juvenile delinquency. This study will discuss the investigation of the comic book industry as the sole contributors to juvenile delinquent issues, as Fredric Wertham charged in his book Seduction of the Innocent. In addition, this study focuses on the ways in which Entertaining Comics （EC） pushed the envelope and challenged Cold War standards of ideal middle class values. Their creative resistance led to the federal investigation which nearly destroyed the comic book industry. Through these investigations, the federal government re-defined the first amendment as it applied to this type of media as a way to curtail what they believed was the Soviet Union＇s efforts to use our own literature as a propaganda tool for their people.

Juvenile ferric iron prevents microbiota dysbiosis and colitis in adult rodents

AIM: To assess whether juvenile chronic ferric iron ingestion limit colitis and dysbiosis at adulthood in rats and mice. METHODS: Two sets of experiments were designed. In the first set, recently weaned mice were either orally administered ferrous (Fe2+) iron salt or ferric (Fe3+) microencapsulated iron for 6 wk. The last week of experiments trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis was induced. In the second set, juvenile rats received the microencapsulated ferric iron for 6 wk and were also submitted to TNBS colitis during the last week of experiments. In both sets of experiments, animals were sacrificed 7 d after TNBS instillation. Severity of the inflammation was assessed by scoring macroscopic lesions and quantifying colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Alteration of the microflora profile was estimated usingquantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) by measuring the evolution of total caecal microflora, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and enterobacteria. RESULTS: Neither ferrous nor ferric iron daily exposures at the juvenile period result in any effect in control animals at adulthood although ferrous iron repeated administration in infancy limited weight gain. Ferrous iron was unable to limit the experimental colitis (1.71 ± 0.27 MPO U/mg proteinvs 2.47 ± 0.22 MPO U/mg protein in colitic mice). In contrast, ferric iron significantly prevented the increase of MPO activity (1.64 ± 0.14 MPO U/mg protein) in TNBS-induced colitis. Moreover, this positive effect was observed at both the doses of ferric iron used (75 and 150 mg/kg per day po - 6 wk). In the study we also compared, in both rats and mice, the consequences of chronic repeated low level exposure to ferric iron (75 mg/kg per day po - 6 wk) on TNBS-induced colitis and its related dysbiosis. We confirmed that ferric iron limited the TNBS-induced increase of MPO activity in both the rodent species. Furthermore, we assessed the ferric iron incidence on TNBS-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. At first, we needed to optimize the isolation and quantify DNA copy numbers using standard curves to perform by qPCR this interspecies comparison. Using this approach, we determined that total microflora was similar in control rats and mice and was mainly composed of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at a ratio of 10/1. Ferric juvenile administration did not modify the microflora profile in control animals. Total microflora numbers remained unchanged whichever experimental conditions studied. Following TNBS-induced colitis, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was altered resulting in a decrease of the Firmicutes numbers and an increase of the Bacteroidetes numbers typical of a gut inflammatory reaction. In parallel, the subdominant population, the enterobacteria was also increased. However, ferric iron supplementation for the juvenile period prevented the increase of Bacteroidetes and of enterobacteria numbers consecutive to the colitis in both the studied species at adulthood.CONCLUSION: Rats and mice juvenile chronic ferric iron ingestion prevents colitis and dysbiosis at adulthood as assessed by the first interspecies comparison.

The Role of Voluntary Youth Work in Media in Professional Development of Young People and Documentation of Urban Space in Wroclaw （Poland）

Wroclaw is mostly known for being a university town. In addition, the city is known in Poland for its sports history--basketball and football-and for many cultural events such as the Review of Stage Songs or African Culture Brave Festival. Because of the fact that Wroclaw is one of the largest and most important cities in Poland, it quickly becomes a subject of interest in new media, including the Internet, which becomes a field for community projects. This gives a tremendous opportunity to Wroclaw＇s youth who can participate in the life of Wroclaw, as well as by volunteering learn the basics of journalism and pursue their passions in an active and creative way. In perspective of those fact, the main aim of the planned paper is to describe evolution process of possibilities which Internet media gives to young people who would like to be a journalist. It is also a trial of analysis on how citizen journalism destroyed media voluntary youth work in Wroclaw, where in fact real citizen journalism was started by young people. What is more, paper＇s goal is to present methods of urban space documentation created by teenage journalists to show multicultural spectrum of Wroclaw.

Acute Toxicity of Cadmium on the Antioxidant Defense Systems and Lipid Peroxidation in the Juveniles of Genetically Improved Farmed （GIFT） Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

Heavy metals pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms. In this study, a static-renewal acute toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium on the antioxidant defense systems （both enzymatic and non-enzymatic） and lipid peroxidaton in liver and gill tissues of juvenile GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. After 8 days of exposure to Cd （0, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4 and 2 mg/L）, livers accumulated significantly more Cd than gills. Catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were stimulated only at the highest concentration tested （2 mg/L）. Glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity was stimulated in the gill while inhibited in the liver, these alternations in gill and liver showed a strong relationship with Cd levels in these tissues. This may indicate either a tissue-specific response of GPx to Cd or, most probably, a hormetic effect of Cd on GPx. Cd increased GSH levels and decreased the ratio GSSG/GSH in fish livers at 2 mg/L. Cd exposure resulted in an elevated level of MDA in the livers of fish at 2 mg/L, indicating that Cd caused lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the results demonstrated that Cd altered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defensive systems and caused lipid peroxidation in O. niloticus at relatively high concentrations （compared to environmentally relevant concentrations）. In addition, the results implied that O. niloticus could tolerate high level of Cd in sites polluted by Cd.