主食精准定量、副食少糖、零食无或少且少糖的饮食方案治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果分析

更加精准定量饮食在2型糖尿病控糖效果的优越性分析。方法:按入选及排除标准,选取我院去年就治2型糖尿病病人60例,按统计学随机分法分为两组,对照组30例,观察组30例,每组治疗期按3个月为期限。以血糖达标时间、HBA1C作为观察指标进行比较。结果:观察组血糖达标时间早于对照组(P<0.05);观察组HBA1C优于对照组(P<0.05);结论:主食精准定量、副食少糖、零食无或少且少糖的原则的饮食方案治疗2型糖尿病效果显著。

少籽高糖西瓜—大民509

特征特性 “大民509”是大民农业科学研究院北方瓜类蔬菜研究所西甜瓜育种专家车恩柱先生多年潜心研究、精心组合新育成的花皮杂交西瓜品种.

Immune response,stress resistance and bacterial challenge in juvenile rainbow trouts Oncorhynchus mykiss fed diets containing chitosan-oligosaccharides

Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan-oligosaccharides （COS） on the growth performance, immune response, stress resistance, and disease resistance of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were studied. Four experimental diets containing 0, 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg COS （COSO, COS20, COS40, and COS60, respectively） were fed to juvenile rainbow trout （initial weight = 5.2 ± 0.3 g） for 8 weeks. By the end of the feeding trial, representative groups of fish from each dietary treatment were challenged with stressor （30 see air exposure） and pathogen exposure （intraperitoneal injection with Aeromonas hydrophila ）. Results showed that supplementation of COS in diets did not affect production performance and body composition of rainbow trout. However, fish fed the COS40 diet demonstrated improved phagocytic activities, respiratory burst activities and decreased serum cortisol level. Additionally, survival following A. hydrophila challenge was significant higher among fish fed the COS-supplemented feeds, although there was no difference based on the level of supplementation. The present study suggests that COS can be used as an immuno-stimulant in rainbow trout feeds

Campanumoea javanica Bl. activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces sarcopenia in a T2DM rat model

Objective: Sarcopenia causes loss of skeletal muscle and function, thus seriously affecting the physical function and quality of life in the elderly. This article discusses the specific molecular mechanism and ameliorating effects of Tudangshen(TDS) on sarcopenia in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods: Elderly Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly selected and fed with a high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish T2DM model. The model rats were stratified and randomly divided into the model group,metformin group, TDS high-dose group, TDS medium-dose group, and TDS low-dose group according to blood glucose combined with body weight, and the same batch of old SD rats was set as the normal control group. The effects of TDS in an elderly T2DM sarcopenia rat model were evaluated by observing the body positions of the rats, analyzing blood biochemistry, testing exercise capacity, and pathologically staining sectioned gastrocnemius muscle tissues. The molecular mechanisms of the effects were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Results: TDS has no statistically significant effect on blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated serum protein in aged rats with T2DM, but it can reduce levels of glycosylated serum protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein;it improves pathological changes in rat gastrocnemius muscle tissues, and increases muscle cell activity in elderly rats with T2DM and sarcopenia. TDS also promoted the upregulation of the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/protein kinase B(PKB/AKT)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 4 E binding rotein1 mRNA in rats and triggered an increase in corresponding protein levels.Conclusions: TDS alleviated muscle decline in elderly rats with T2DM by activating the PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and regulating the synthesis of corresponding proteins.

Effects of Dietary Stachyose on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Intestinal Morphology of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L)

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary stachyose on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal structures of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L). Five isonitrogenous(49.58% crude protein) and isolipidic(10.50% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain 0(Control), 0.625%(S-0.625), 1.25%(S-1.25), 2.5%(S-2.5) and 5%(S-5) stachyose, respectively. With the increase of stachyose level, the growth performance and feed utilization of turbot, such as the specific growth rate, final mean body weight, weight gain rate and feed efficiency, increased significantly(P < 0.05) and then stabilized. The feed intake of fish fed S-5 was significantly higher(P < 0.05) than that of fish in other groups. The activities of trypsin, intestinal caseinolytic, stomach and intestinal amylase were significantly influenced by stachyose(P < 0.05). The highest values of trypsin and intestinal caseinolytic activities were observed in group S-1.25, while the highest activity of stomach amylase and the lowest activity of intestine amylase were observed in group S-5. No lesion or damage was found on the distal intestine structures of fish from all treatments, while the height of simple folds in the distal intestine was significantly increased(P< 0.05) when 1.25% or 2.5% stachyose was added in the diets. These results indicated that moderate level of stachyose(1.25%) improves the growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities and the distal intestine structures of juvenile turbot.

Physical activity,sedentary behaviors,physical fitness,and their relation to health outcomes in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes:A review of the epidemiologic literature

Diabetes is a leading chronic disease of childhood and adolescence. In addition to the well-known auto-immune, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus （type 1 diabetes （T 1D））, the past two decades have witnessed the emergence of type 2 diabetes （T2D） in children and adolescents, which previously was only seen in middle-aged or older adults. One of the key components of diabetes management is physical activity （PA）. The beneficial effects of increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior are extremely important in youth with diabetes because of the markedly increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in this population compared to persons without diabetes. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the epidemiologic, observational research published and listed in PubMed between 1970 and 2012 on PA and sedentary behaviors, as well as physical fitness in children and adolescents with T1D and T2D. Additionally, we describe briefly the state of knowledge on perceived barriers of PA in persons with diabetes, with a focus on hypoglycemia. Finally, we provide an overview of the epidemiological literature pertaining to health benefits of increased PA in youth with TID and T2D and briefly discuss the topic of exercise-related hypoglycemia, Copyright ~ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

清明养生四要诀

在清明节这一庄重的祭祖节日里,养生方面有什么讲究呢?清明养生,归纳起来就是四个字:饮食要“清”,起居宜“闲”,运动要“缓”,精神要“端”。饮食要“清”,就是味道宜“淡”,要少油、少盐、少糖,稍佐调料即可;分量要“少”,不要吃太多,尤其是晚上不要多吃;品种要“素”,吃的内容要偏素一些,不要大鱼大肉,很多肉类都是“发物”,清明时节要避免吃太多.

Calf spleen extract alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced leucopenia in mice and inhibits the glycolysis of HL60 cells

Calf spleen extract(CSE) has been clinically used as an adjuvant agent in malignant tumor therapy.It can improve the physical status of patients.However,its mechanism of action remains relatively unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of CSE on leucopenia in mice and on promyelocytic leukemia cells(HL60).CSE in 10 mL/kg(2.5 mg bioactive polypeptides and 190μg ribose/mL) significantly increased leukocyte numbers in leucopenia mice.The effect on neutrophil numbers,among all leukocytes,was the most evident.CSE stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells in vitro and decreased the GM-CSF level in serum.In addition,CSE significantly reduced the viability of HL60 cells,decreased the production of lactate and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) of these cells.CSE induced the apoptosis and S-phase arrest in HL60 cells.In conclusion,CSE can enhance leukocyte numbers,which may be attributed to its direct stimulatory effect on bone marrow cells.CSE is an inhibitor of promyelocytic leukemia cell viability,which may be attributed to the induction of the apoptosis,the arrest of cell cycle and the inhibition of the glycolysis of cells.

Characterizing the induction of diabetes in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys with different doses of streptozotocin

Juvenile （2-3 years old） cynomolgus monkeys are frequently used as recipients in non-human primate islet transplantation studies. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different doses of streptozotocin （STZ）, and find the optimal dose for inducing diabetes in these monkeys. Fifteen juvenile （2-3 years old） cynomolgus monkeys were separated into three groups and administered with different doses of STZ （100, 68 or 60 mg kg-l）. Basal and glucose-stimulated blood glucose, in- sulin, and C-peptide levels, as well as body weights were monitored. Hepatic and renal function tests and pancreatic immuno- histochemistry were performed before and after STZ treatment. Monkeys treated with both 100 and 68 mg kg-1 of STZ exhib- ited continuous hyperglycemia, which coincided with a nearly complete loss of islet 13-cells. Two monkeys received 60 mg kg-1 of STZ, but only one became completely diabetic. During the first week following STZ treatment, hepatic and renal func- tion slightly increased in these three groups. However. 24 hours post-STZ, serum total bile acid levels were significantly in- creased in monkeys treated with 100 mg kg-1 than those treated with 68 mg kg-I of STZ （P〈0.05）. These data suggest that 100 mg kg-1 and 68 mg kg-1 of STZ can safely induce diabetes in cynomolgus monkeys aged 2-3 years, but 68 mg kg-1 of STZ, rather than 100 mg kg-1 of STZ, may be more appropriate for inducing diabetes in these monkeys. Furthermore, body surface area, rather than body weight, was a more reliable determinant of dosage, where 700 mg m-2 of STZ should be the lower limit for inducing diabetes in juvenile monkeys.