甘肃省大学生就业人力资本调查研究

人力资本理论及相关研究表明,就业人力资本是影响大学生就业的关键因素。运用自编甘肃省大学生就业人力资本调查问卷,对分层随机抽取的2987名甘肃省在校大学生的就业人力资本从就业意识、就业能力和就业精神三个维度进行调查研究,发现其就业人力资本总体接近一般水平,其中就业能力维度得分均值相对较高,就业意识和就业精神维度得分均值相对较低。基于调查结果,从大学生就业工作主体责任方高校层面提出相应建议,进而提升甘肃省大学生就业人力资本,助力毕业生顺利就业。

我国经济增长中劳动力、人力资本与就业结构领域的问题与对策

我国作为一个发展中的农业大国,相对于日益增长的人口总数,其资源储备量显然是稀缺的。所以在经济发展初期,我国选择了资源节约型道路,其侧重点在于提高资源的利用效率。但是在现阶段的经济转型期,提高劳动力的有效供给,保证人力资本的合理流动,加快就业结构与产业结构相互适应才是我国经济发展的重中之重。因此,研究分析三者与经济发展的关系对于我国经济可持续稳定增长具有重要意义。

贵州省就业人口人力资本存量对经济增长的影响

本文对贵州省1996-2014年就业人口人力资本存量数据进行实证分析,结果表明:就业人口人力资本存量对贵州省经济增长有显著的作用,其对经济增长的产出弹性系数为0.25,对经济增长的贡献率为21.3%,就业人口人力资本存量小于物质资本存量对经济增长的作用。拉动贵州省经济增长的主要驱动力还是在物质资本上,就业人口人力资本存量对贵州省经济增长的作用还没有充分发挥出来,故此贵州省应注重在完善现代教育体系,提高教育质量、推进健康贵州建设、完善人力合理流动机制等方面加大人力资本投资力度,提升就业人口数量和质量,增加就业人口人力资本存量。

就业能力在人力资源竞争当中的价值与意义

就业能力对于个人、企业和国家都非常重要,是个人和组织在激烈的竞争环境中生存、发展的重要基础,也是国家经济发展的前提。随着知识经济和互联网的发展,传统的就业方法已不适应新形势的需要。而就业能力的发展历程和不同的就业能力理论也随着时代的发展而变更,目前主要有人力资本说和就业市场信号说两种观点,两种理论分别有它们的优势和劣势,教育对就业能力也有深远的影响。

区域人力资本就业配置与全要素生产率

以中等人力资本为视角,测度了区域高等人力资本稀缺度,结合Mincer方程测度了人力资本就业错配度,并通过二者研究区域人力资本就业配置对企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:区域高等人力资本稀缺度的上升会减损企业全要素生产率,且对国企影响更大;高等人力资本稀缺度对民企全要素生产率的影响在低劳动力密集行业中更大,而对国企全要素生产率的影响在高劳动力密集行业中更大;区域人力资本就业错配度的上升对民企全要素生产率不利,且对高劳动力密集行业中的民企影响更大;由于相对竞争优势的增加,区域人力资本就业错配度对低劳动力密集行业中国企的全要素生产率有正面影响。

Regional Disparities in China's Mainland at Provincial Level Between 2000 and 2005

Based on the methodology provided by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,we analyze regional disparities in China's mainland at provincial level between 2000 and 2005.It regards regional GDP growth as the joint result of contribution of a number of factors,i.e.capital productivity,capital per manpower,specialization,employment rate,active population,and population.The results show that for all provincial units,capital per manpower is a dominant contributing factor to the growth of GDP per capita during the period from 2000 to 2005 while capital productivity has quite significant negative impacts.Specialization contributes differently in different provinces.In most provincial units,employment rate and age activity have a positive impact on growth of GDP per capita,though not very significantly.

Research on Human Capital and Higher Education Based on the Perspective of Employment of College Students

The status of human capital should match economic development. Researching the unemployment of college students firstly needs to know about the economic development stage and economic structure in China. Employment of college students not only is the problem of unbalanced supply and demand of college students, but also has close relationship with supply-demand relationship of higher education market. Employment of college students has relationship with two markets, education market and labor market, in which higher education supply is middle. For two markets, the decision-making subject make the optimal decision according to the principle that marginal income is equal to marginal cost. Under the specific economic development stage and economic structure in China, the family has greater requirement on higher education in education market, and the supply of higher education is insufficient. For labor market, economic development is difficult to fully absorb the existing college graduates, and the supply of higher education is excess. The imbalance of two markets causes the increase of supply pressure of higher education and idle human resource.