Digital Transformation:Reshaping China’s Development Landscape

The Chinese economy is currently undergoing a digital transformation.New growth drivers are replacing old ones,creating a new development landscape.Countries with strong digital industries will be the first to reap the benefits of digitalization.For China,the transformation to a digital economy is both of inevitability and heterogeneity fueled by dual circulations.Crowded out from more skill-based digitalized sectors,less-skilled labor moves to less digitalized sectors.New capital,industries and technology clusters emerge as new drivers of manufacturing and service sector development.With its large domestic market and industrial competitiveness,China has fostered a new development landscape of“dual circulations”.

The research on the re-employment of elderly from the perspective of holism

China face on the serious situation about the population aging. The e-employment of elderly has become one of the approach to positively response to population aging. This paper attempts to put the elderly into the whole social system under the standpoint ofholism, then, analyze the reason of re-employment of elderly for integration and Macro from different perspective, thus, look for the significance of re-employment of elderly. Based on this, the paper put forward the suggestion for the development of the re-employment of elderly.

Emotional Costs and Self-efficacy as Predictors of Coping Among the Reemployed and Professional Interns

The main goal of the study was to investigate the emotional costs experienced by the organizational newcomers during the first period of reemployment and its relation to general self-efficacy CGSE} and coping. The study was conducted among 123 previous unemployed, involving 88 reemployed and 35 interns. Questionnaires battery was administered in two waves {T1 and T2~ in the first month of reemployment and after three months. In this article, the data from T2 were analyzed, which allows observing the final results and interactions between research variables. The results showed emotional costs and GSE as significant predictors of coping in the work re-entry phase. Additionally, emotional costs partially mediate the effect of GSE on coping. The differences between both groups, the reemployed and interns were also analyzed.

Problems in Post-crisis Employment for Migrant Workers Remain Unsolved

As indicated by a survey of 105 villages in 19 provinces and cities, the 2008 international financial crisis had a serious impact on migrant workers＇ employment, which is prominently manifested in their earlier return to their hometowns, the dismissal of 20 percent of migrant workers from their jobs and a considerable decline in their wages. Thanks to a series of policies the state adopted to ensure growth and expand consumption, migrant workers soon got re-employed. However, some deep-rooted problems surrounding the issue of migrant workers＇ empoyment came to light as a result of this crisis. These problems need to be solved on an urgent basis, though it will involve a considerable amount of hard work over an extended period of time. While this will require a combination of transitional measures and long-range strategies, the employment of migrant workers should also be incorporated as a fundamental part of the undertaking to ensure economic growth, adjusting the industrial structure, transforming the development mode and pushing forward with the reform.

The obstacles and countermeasures of developing function of China＇s Unemployment insurance funds

The function of the unemployment insurance funds arc： ensuring the basic life and stabling employment, preventing unemployment and promoting employment, on the one hand, it guarantee basic livings of the unemploycd, in order to reduce the impact on the individual and society. On the other hand, it also has a function of stabling employment, preventing unemployment and promoting unemployed again obtain employment. In recent years, however, the unemployment insurance fund revenue has been greater than its expenditure, balance funds become more and more, it not only faces a risk of depreciation, also will cause the waste of funds. Therefore, improve the utilization rate of the uncmployment insurance fund itself and expand the function of the unemployment insurance fund, realize the sustainable development of unemployment insurance funds is great significance.

The Experience and Enlightenment of the Development of Old-age Care Services in Russia

Through the analysis of the history and current situation of Russia＇s old-age care services system, this paper analyzes and studies the old-age care services system in Russia. By means of law and social policy, Russia can promote the active participation of the elderly in politics, economy, culture and other activities to promote the positive image of the elderly. The active aging policy in Russia and the development trend of the old-age care service to promote the social adaptation and re-employment of the elderly are of positive significance to the development of our country＇s old-age care service.

Factors Influencing Migrant Workers’ Employment and Earnings——The Role of Education and Training

In the urban labor market, the rural labor force can choose whether to become self- employed or work for wages depending on their stock of human capital and local labor market conditions. A simple Mincer earnings regression shows that the rate of return to schooling for wage earners is two percentage points higher than that for the self-employed. After correcting for bias in sample selection, the expanded Mincer earnings equation estimated the rate of return to schooling for wage earners at between 5.3 and 6.8 percent. From the standpoint of training, we found that the simplest form of training, short-term training and formal training played an important role in promoting migrant workers’ repeat mobility. However, the simplest form of training did not have a significant effect on earnings,whereas short-term and formal training played an important determining role in this respect. Moreover, rights protection issues such as wage arrears also had an important effect on migrant workers’ repeat mobility. In handling heterogeneity and endogenous educational variables among migrant workers, the authors found that the years of schooling of the parents of migrant workers were not an ideal instrumental variable.