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1303年山西洪洞8级地震地表破裂带 被引量:17
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作者 江娃利 邓起东 +1 位作者 徐锡伟 谢新生 《地震学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2004年第4期355-362,共8页
综合 2 0世纪 90年代初在霍山山前断裂和近年在绵山西侧断裂和太谷断裂获取的最新调查资料 ,讨论了 130 3年山西洪洞 8级地震地表破裂带的展布和位移特征 .如果太谷断裂、绵山西侧断裂与霍山山前断裂在 130 3年洪洞地震中同时活动 ,则... 综合 2 0世纪 90年代初在霍山山前断裂和近年在绵山西侧断裂和太谷断裂获取的最新调查资料 ,讨论了 130 3年山西洪洞 8级地震地表破裂带的展布和位移特征 .如果太谷断裂、绵山西侧断裂与霍山山前断裂在 130 3年洪洞地震中同时活动 ,则该次地震的地表破裂带长16 3km ,分为 3段 ,即霍山山前断裂段、绵山西侧断裂段和太谷断裂段 .各段长度分别为 5 0 ,35和 70km ,3段之间存在 4和 8km的阶区 .该地震地表破裂带具右旋走滑特征 ,北段和中段右旋走滑位移量 6~ 7m ,南段最大为 10m .在山西断陷带盆地边界的单条断裂一般只对应 7级地震 ,而该次 8级特大地震则突破两个盆地之间的障碍体 。 展开更多
关键词 8级地震 地表破裂带 破裂尺度可变性
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Spatial Scale Effects of Water Erosion Dynamics:Complexities, Variabilities, and Uncertainties 被引量:2
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作者 WEI Wei CHEN Liding +2 位作者 YANG Lei FU Bojie SUN Ranhao 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2012年第2期127-143,共17页
Severe water erosion is notorious for its harmful effects on land-water resources as well as local societies. The scale effects of water erosion, however, greatly exacerbate the difficulties of accurate erosion evalua... Severe water erosion is notorious for its harmful effects on land-water resources as well as local societies. The scale effects of water erosion, however, greatly exacerbate the difficulties of accurate erosion evaluation and hazard control in the real world. Analyzing the related scale issues is thus urgent for a better understanding of erosion variations as well as reducing such erosion. In this review article, water erosion dynamics across three spatial scales including plot, watershed, and regional scales were selected and discussed. For the study purposes and objectives, the advantages and disadvantages of these scales all demonstrate clear spatial-scale dependence. Plot scale studies are primarily focused on abundant data collection and mechanism discrimination of erosion generation, while watershed scale studies provide valuable information for watershed management and hazard control as well as the development of quantitatively distributed models. Regional studies concentrate more on large-scale erosion assessment, and serve policymakers and stakeholders in achieving the basis for regulatory policy for comprehensive land uses. The results of this study show that the driving forces and mechanisms of water erosion variations among the scales are quite different. As a result, several major aspects contributing to variations in water erosion across the scales are stressed: differences in the methodologies across various scales, different sink-source roles on water erosion processes, and diverse climatic zones and morphological regions. This variability becomes more complex in the context of accelerated global change. The changing climatic factors and earth surface features are considered the fourth key reason responsible for the increased variability of water erosion across spatial scales. 展开更多
关键词 water erosion spatial variation scale effect driving force UNCERTAINTY COMPLEXITY
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证明标准多维解构与体系重塑 被引量:3
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作者 熊晓彪 《中国刑事法杂志》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第4期157-176,共20页
关于证明标准的争议由来已久且至今未见缓解,争议背后存在固定性、精确化、严格性标准等认识误区。从制度整体外部与事实认定者自身内部两种视角审视,证明标准具有客观性要素、主观性内容和潜在法律政策三个维度。客观性要素主要体现在... 关于证明标准的争议由来已久且至今未见缓解,争议背后存在固定性、精确化、严格性标准等认识误区。从制度整体外部与事实认定者自身内部两种视角审视,证明标准具有客观性要素、主观性内容和潜在法律政策三个维度。客观性要素主要体现在证据支持、证明结构、要件事实及其利害关涉之上;主观性内容涉及认识正当性和道德伦理对裁判者所持信念、谨慎程度的要求;潜在法律政策需要证明标准在当事人之间合理分配判决错误风险。据此,证明标准的体系重塑应当明确,证明标准在性质上,具有尺度可变性与适用语境性;在功能上,具备确保案件事实准确性与实现判决错误风险合理分配双重功能;在表述上,可统一表述为“有足够支持的确信”;在尺度上,性质决定了不同案件的具体尺度难以统一,但基于不同案件利害关涉的类型划分,可相应设置多元尺度的证明标准,利害关涉相同或相近案件可适用统一尺度。 展开更多
关键词 证明标准 绝对信念 利害关涉 表述一元性 尺度可变性
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Multi-scale variability of the tropical Indian Ocean circulation system revealed by recent observations 被引量:5
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作者 Ke HUANG Dongxiao WANG +4 位作者 Weiqiang WANG Qiang XIE Ju CHEN Lingfang CHEN Gengxin CHEN 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第6期668-680,共13页
The tropical Indian Ocean circulation system includes the equatorial and near-equatorial circulations, the marginal sea circulation, and eddies. The dynamic processes of these circulation systems show significant mult... The tropical Indian Ocean circulation system includes the equatorial and near-equatorial circulations, the marginal sea circulation, and eddies. The dynamic processes of these circulation systems show significant multi-scale variability associated with the Indian Monsoon and the Indian Ocean dipole. This paper summarizes the research progress over recent years on the tropical Indian Ocean circulation system based on the large-scale hydrological observations and numerical simulations by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology(SCSIO), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Results show that:(1) the wind-driven Kelvin and Rossby waves and eastern boundary-reflected Rossby waves regulate the formation and evolution of the Equatorial Undercurrent and the Equatorial Intermediate Current;(2) the equatorial wind-driven dynamics are the main factor controlling the inter-annual variability of the thermocline in the eastern Indian Ocean upwelling;(3) the equatorial waves transport large amounts of energy into the Bay of Bengal in forms of coastal Kelvin and reflected free Rossby waves. Several unresolved issues within the tropical Indian Ocean are discussed:(i) the potential effects of the momentum balance and the basin resonance on the variability of the equatorial circulation system, and(ii) the potential contribution of wind-driven dynamics to the life cycle of the eastern Indian Ocean upwelling. This paper also briefly introduces the international Indian Ocean investigation project of the SCSIO, which will advance the study of the multi-scale variability of the tropical Indian Ocean circulation system, and provide a theoretical and data basis to support marine environmental security for the countries around the Maritime Silk Road. 展开更多
关键词 Equatorial undercurrent Equatorial intermediate current Eastern Indian Ocean upwelling Bay of Bengal circu lation Multi-scale variability Equatorial wave dynamics Observation and simulation
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