Coda waves are multiply scattered waves that arrive much later than the major waves. Small seismic velocity variations are observed in reservoirs because of small variations in reservoir properties, which affect the f...Coda waves are multiply scattered waves that arrive much later than the major waves. Small seismic velocity variations are observed in reservoirs because of small variations in reservoir properties, which affect the first arrivals. Hence, first arrivals cannot be used to detect small seismic velocity variations. However, small variations can be reliably detected by the coda waves because of the amplification owing to multiple scattering. We investigate the ability of coda wave interferometry to detect seismic velocity variations and monitor time-lapse reservoir characteristics using numerical simulations and experimental data. We use the Marmousi II model and finite-difference methods to build model seismic data and introduce small seismic velocity variations in the target layer. We examine the model seismic data before and after the changes and observe the coda waves. We find that velocity changes can be detected by coda wave interferometry and demonstrate that coda wave interferometry can be used in monitoring time- lapse reservoir characteristics.展开更多
Ultrasonic coda waves are widely usea to stuay hign-trequency scattering, however, ultrasonic coda waves are strongly affected by interference from by boundary-reflected waves. To understand the effect of boundary-ref...Ultrasonic coda waves are widely usea to stuay hign-trequency scattering, however, ultrasonic coda waves are strongly affected by interference from by boundary-reflected waves. To understand the effect of boundary-reflected waves, we performed ultrasonic experiments using aluminum and shale samples, and the rotating staggered-mesh finite-difference method to simulate the wavefield. We analyzed the wavefield characteristics at the different receiving points and the interference characteristics of the boundary-reflected waves with the ultrasonic coda wave, and the effect of sample geometry on the ultrasonic coda waves. The increase in the aspect ratio of the samples delays the interference effect of the laterally reflected waves and reduces the effect on the ultrasonic coda waves. The main waves interfering with the ultrasonic coda waves are laterally reflected PP-, PS-, PPP-, and PPS-waves. The scattering and attenuation of the high-frequency energy in actual rocks can weaken the interference of laterally reflected waves with the ultrasonic coda waves.展开更多
基金sponsored by the 973 Program of China(No.2013CB228604)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2013DQ020)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.15CX08002A)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41374123)
文摘Coda waves are multiply scattered waves that arrive much later than the major waves. Small seismic velocity variations are observed in reservoirs because of small variations in reservoir properties, which affect the first arrivals. Hence, first arrivals cannot be used to detect small seismic velocity variations. However, small variations can be reliably detected by the coda waves because of the amplification owing to multiple scattering. We investigate the ability of coda wave interferometry to detect seismic velocity variations and monitor time-lapse reservoir characteristics using numerical simulations and experimental data. We use the Marmousi II model and finite-difference methods to build model seismic data and introduce small seismic velocity variations in the target layer. We examine the model seismic data before and after the changes and observe the coda waves. We find that velocity changes can be detected by coda wave interferometry and demonstrate that coda wave interferometry can be used in monitoring time- lapse reservoir characteristics.
基金supported by the Strategic Leading Science and Technology Programme(Class B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB10010400)
文摘Ultrasonic coda waves are widely usea to stuay hign-trequency scattering, however, ultrasonic coda waves are strongly affected by interference from by boundary-reflected waves. To understand the effect of boundary-reflected waves, we performed ultrasonic experiments using aluminum and shale samples, and the rotating staggered-mesh finite-difference method to simulate the wavefield. We analyzed the wavefield characteristics at the different receiving points and the interference characteristics of the boundary-reflected waves with the ultrasonic coda wave, and the effect of sample geometry on the ultrasonic coda waves. The increase in the aspect ratio of the samples delays the interference effect of the laterally reflected waves and reduces the effect on the ultrasonic coda waves. The main waves interfering with the ultrasonic coda waves are laterally reflected PP-, PS-, PPP-, and PPS-waves. The scattering and attenuation of the high-frequency energy in actual rocks can weaken the interference of laterally reflected waves with the ultrasonic coda waves.