QC方法——特性要因图、巴雷托图和层别法的运用

经济的全球化发展推动了现代制造企业质量管理体系的建立和不断完善。虽然中国制造企业已经开展质量管理并获得了有益的经验,然而,目前我国制造企业质量管理仍存在很大不足。结合实际,重点阐述了如何运用QC方法特性要因图(鱼骨图)、巴雷托图和层别法历来改善企业生产过程中出现的质量问题,从而提高产品品质、降低产品的生产成本。

论QC七大手法之——层别法,要因图与戴明环的具体运用

现代企业非常重视管理,但只有将管理.改善.统计方法三者有机结合起来,互相连贯运用,才能在整体上发挥效果。本文结合实际,重点阐述层别法,要因图与戴明环(PDCA循环)相结合的应用,能很好的改善生产过程中出现的品质问题。

服装厂识别返修原因的方法研究

针对服装生产企业普遍的高返修现象 ,提出运用简单、科学的统计工具 ,快速而准确地寻找高返修率的原因。通过在服装厂中的实践 ,证明具有可操作性 。

造纸工艺管理的七种统计方法

介绍了统计技术在一线生产过程中对工艺管理的指导意义,从具体的数据分析中发现解决问题的关键所在。

基于QC的发动机缸体铸造质量问题改善

运用QC七大手法的层别法和柏拉图,对X公司的发动机缸体质量问题进行分析,采用功能型的鱼骨图分析方法,分析问题产生的原因,并对其进行验证和改进。通过一系列的改进活动,使公司缸体铸造的故障率从2013年的7.72%下降到了2014年的3%。

基于质量控制的汽车热成型B柱零件质量问题改善

应用质量控制七大工具中的层别法及帕累托图,对某公司汽车热成型B柱零件质量问题进行分析,得出产生报废率高的主要原因,并制定相应的改善措施。通过一系列质量改善活动,使该公司的汽车热成型B柱零件报废率从7%下降至3%,降低了经济损失。

基于QC的发动机缸体加工质量问题改善

运用质量管理中的QC七大手法,对SD公司发动机厂缸体加工过程中的质量问题进行分析。先收集数据并运用柏拉图找出关键的质量问题,再运用鱼骨图分析产生质量问题的根本原因,并对其验证和改进。通过质量改善方案的实施,使缸体生产线的工废率大幅降低,节约大量生产成本,生产线效益得到大幅提升。

A new method for reservoir fluid identification

The wavelet transform （WT） method has been employed to decompose an original geophysical signal into a series of components containing different information about reservoir features such as pore fluids, lithology, and pore structure. We have developed a new method based on WT energy spectra analysis, by which the signal component reflecting the reservoir fluid property is extracted. We have successfully processed real log data from an oil field in central China using this method. The results of the reservoir fluid identification agree with the results of well tests.

Log identification method in complex sand reservoirs

In order to obtain effective parameters for complex sand reservoirs,a log evaluation method for relevant reservoir parameters is established based on an analysis in the gas-bearing sandstone with high porosity and low permeability,low porosity and permeability and on various characteristics of log responses to reservoir lithologies and physical properties in the Neopleozoic sand reservoir of the Ordos basin.This log evaluation method covers the Cook method that is used to evaluate the porosity and oiliness in high porosity and low permeability reservoirs and another method in which the mineral content,derived from geochemical logs,is used to identify formation lithologies.Some areas have high calcium and low silt content,not uniformly distributed,the results of which show up in the complex formation lithologies and conventional log responses with great deviation.The reliability of the method is verified by comparison with conventional log data and core analyses.The calculation results coincide with the core analytical data and gas tests,which indicate that this log evaluation method is available,provides novel ideas for study of similar complex reservoir lithologies and has some reference value.

Dynamic failure mode and energy-based identification method for a counter-bedding rock slope with weak intercalated layers

The dynamic failure mode and energybased identification method for a counter-bedding rock slope with weak intercalated layers are discussed in this paper using large scale shaking table test and the Hilbert-Huang Transform(HHT) marginal spectrum.The results show that variations in the peak values of marginal spectra can clearly indicate the process of dynamic damage development inside the model slope.The identification results of marginal spectra closely coincide with the monitoring results of slope face displacement in the test.When subjected to the earthquake excitation with 0.1 g and 0.2 g amplitudes,no seismic damage is observed in the model slope,while the peak values of marginal spectra increase linearly with increasing slope height.In the case of 0.3 g seismic excitation,dynamic damage occurs near the slope crest and some rock blocks fall off the slope crest.When the seismic excitation reaches 0.4 g,the dynamic damage inside the model slope extends to the part with relative height of 0.295-0.6,and minor horizontal cracks occur in the middle part of the model slope.When the seismic excitation reaches 0.6 g,the damage further extends to the slope toe,and the damage inside the model slope extends to the part with relative height below 0.295,and the upper part(near the relative height of 0.8) slides outwards.Longitudinal fissures appear in the slope face,which connect with horizontal cracks,the weak intercalated layers at middle slope height are extruded out and the slope crest breaks up.The marginal spectrum identification results demonstrate that the dynamic damage near the slope face is minor as compared with that inside the model slope.The dynamic failure mode of counter-bedding rock slope with weak intercalated layers is extrusion and sliding at the middle rock strata.The research results of this paper are meaningful for the further understanding of the dynamic failure mode of counter-bedding rock slope with weak intercalated layers.

An Assessment and Identification of Avalanche Hazard Sites in Uri Sector and its Surroundings on Himalayan Mountain

Avalanches are one of the most natural hazard in the mountain areas and therefore, identification of avalanche hazard is necessary for planning future development activities. The study area falls under the international boundary region which generally covered by the snow(38%) on high altitude regions of the western part of Himalayas. Avalanches are triggered in study area during snowfall resulting in loss of human life, property and moreover the transportation and communication affected by the debris which ultimately delays the relief measures. Therefore in this study three major causative parameters i.e terrain, ground cover and meteorological have been incorporated for the identification of avalanche hazard zones(AHZ) by integrating Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP) method in Geographical Information System(GIS). In the first part of study, avalanche sites have been identified by the criteria related to terrain(slope, aspect and curvature) and ground cover. Weights and ratings to these causative factors and their cumulative effects have been assigned on the basis of experience and knowledge of field. In the second part of the study, single point interpolation and Inverse Distance Weighted(IDW) method has been employed as only one weather station falls in study area. Accordingly, it has been performed to generate the meteorological parameter maps(viz. air temperature and relative humidity) from the field observatories and Automatic Weather Stations(AWS) located at Baaj OP in Uri sector. Finally, the meteorological parameter maps were superimposed on the terrain-based avalanche hazard thematic layers to identify the dynamic avalanche hazard sites. Conventional weighted approach and Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP) method have been implemented for the identification of AHZ that shows approximately 55% area under maximum hazard zone. Further, the results were validated by overlapping the existing registered avalanche sites. The sites were identified through field survey and avalanche data card followed by its delineation from the toposheet(1:50,000 scale). Interestingly study found that 28% area under moderate and maximum AHZ correlated well with registered avalanche sites when they were overlapped. The accuracy for such works can be increased by field survey under favorable weather condition and by adding data from more number of AWS for predicting avalanche hazards in mountainous regions.

Digital Image Processing Methods for Bridge Coating Management and Their Limitations

Accurate and objective rust defect assessment is required to maintain good quality steel bridge coating surfaces and make a decision whether a bridge shall completely or partially be repainted. For more objective rust defect recognition, digital image recognition methods have been developed for the past few years and they are expected to replace or complement conventional painting inspection methods. Efficient image processing methods are also essential for the successful implementation of steel bridge coating warranty contracting where the owner, usually a state agency, and the contractor inspect steel bridge coating conditions regularly and decide whether additional maintenance actions are needed based on the processed data. There are two approaches to develop automated rust defect recognition methods： applying a statistical method or an artificial intelligence technique. This paper presents the application of previously developed image processing methods for defect evaluations on a bridge coating surface and discusses their limitations under three environmental conditions which are often encountered while acquiring digital images.

Study on Identification Methods for Ecological Technologies

In this study, we first define ecological technologies and the need for identification technology, and we then examine all the present methods of identification technology： Delphi method, Technology Road Mapping Method, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Patentometric method and the text mining method. Among these methods, the combination of Delphi ＋ Analytic Hierarchy Process incorporates ecological technologies into social and economic systems for a systematic identification, and is able to build an index system for an identification model of ecological technologies, identifying technical features, technical level and performance, and economic, social and ecological benefits. Patentometric method presents an objective perspective for identification, based on the characteristics and the internal development logic of ecological technologies. We find that the Delphi ＋ Analytic Hierarchy Process and Patentometric method are the best choices for identification of ecological technologies, because both combine the advantages of qualitative and quantitative identification.

A new image processing method for discriminating internal layers from radio echo sounding data of ice sheets via a combined robust principal component analysis and total variation approach

Discriminating internal layers by radio echo sounding is important in analyzing the thickness and ice deposits in the Antarctic ice sheet.The signal processing method of synthesis aperture radar(SAR)has been widely used for improving the signal to noise ratio(SNR)and discriminating internal layers by radio echo sounding data of ice sheets.This method is not efficient when we use edge detection operators to obtain accurate information of the layers,especially the ice-bed interface.This paper presents a new image processing method via a combined robust principal component analysis-total variation(RPCA-TV)approach for discriminating internal layers of ice sheets by radio echo sounding data.The RPCA-based method is adopted to project the high-dimensional observations to low-dimensional subspace structure to accelerate the operation of the TV-based method,which is used to discriminate the internal layers.The efficiency of the presented method has been tested on simulation data and the dataset of the Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,collected during CHINARE 28.The results show that the new method is more efficient than the previous method in discriminating internal layers of ice sheets by radio echo sounding data.

Simultaneous qualitative identification of all medicinal herbs in Zaoren Anshen capsule by thin-layer chromatography

The holistic characterization and quality control of all the medicinal herbs of proprietary Chinese medicines(PCMs)are of great significance to ensure their safety,efficacy,and consistency.Thin-layer chromatography(TLC),a simple and classic approach for qualitatively characterizing and examining quality markers of natural products,has been widely used in the characterization and quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.Zaoren Anshen(ZRAS)capsule,prepared from three medicinal herbs of fried Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma,and vinegar-processed Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus,is a famous PCM in China for the treatment of insomnia,amnesia,and dizziness in clinical practice.However,no effective method is available so far for simultaneous identification and examination of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule.In the present study,we developed a TLC method via twice-development and visualization by UV light or chromogenic agent,which could be used for simultaneous qualitative identification of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule in one plate.Moreover,the sample preparation method was optimized.The developed TLC method was rapid,simple,low-cost,and effective,and thus it could be used for quality control of ZRAS capsule.