层层沉积热处理法制备超薄Cu3(BTC)2膜

基于层层沉积法,引入简单易控的热处理方式在玻璃基底表面制备出高结晶度且致密无裂缝的Cu3(BTC)2膜,并详细探讨热处理温度、组装时间和组装溶剂对Cu3(BTC)2成膜的影响。FESEM分析结果显示:膜层的厚度仅为200nm;热处理有利于获得完整的晶体结构,且高温下膜层不会产生裂纹;组装时间为5min或10min,Cu3(BTC)2颗粒尺寸小且均一。然而,当组装时间延长至20min,尺寸变得不均一,膜层表面变粗糙;通过改变组装溶剂环境,可以制备出不同维数的晶体膜。

层层沉积提高井壁稳定性室内研究

以钠蒙脱土分散液作为模拟钻井液,与支化聚乙烯亚胺聚合物溶液交替流过模拟井壁(硅片),模拟生物矿化过程,进行层层沉积模拟实验。通过原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射等手段跟踪钠蒙脱土/聚乙烯亚胺复合膜的成膜过程,并表征复合膜的形貌、微观结构、化学组成及力学性能。结果表明,钠蒙脱土和聚乙烯亚胺可自发在模拟井壁上形成结构致密的有机/无机复合膜,该复合膜具有明显的层状结构,平均每层厚度约为46.18nm。该复合膜力学性能优良,而且杨氏模量并不随沉积层数的增加而变化。通过动态滤失实验表明,层层沉积改善了滤饼质量,降低了滤失速率以及总的动态滤失量,有助于井壁稳定。

聚合电解质在纸浆纤维表面多层沉积的研究

根据层层沉积技术原理,研究了在带负电荷的纸浆纤维表面构筑多层沉积膜过程中Zeta电位的变化和影响纤维吸附聚合电解质的因素。结果表明:依靠阴离子和阳离子之间的静电引力作用,实现了纸浆纤维表面聚合电解质的多层沉积,当聚合电解质吸附量达到一定数值后,纤维表面的电性发生反转。在聚合电解质的多层沉积过程中,纸浆Zeta电位的变化,可以作为沉积过程的监测指标。沉积体系的离子强度和纸浆打浆度是影响聚合电解质吸附量的重要因素。

PAA/TiO_2一维光子晶体的制备

以聚丙烯酸(PAA)和TiO2纳米粒子为电介质材质,采用旋涂技术制备了PAA/TiO2一维光子晶体。用扫描电子显微镜对其层层沉积的结构进行了表征,用紫外可见反射光谱对光子禁带进行了研究,考察了光子禁带与成膜参数的关系。结果表明,通过调控旋涂速度或者PAA溶液质量分数,可以制备出具有不同光子禁带的PAA/TiO2一维光子晶体,且光子禁带随旋涂速度的加快线性蓝移、随PAA溶液质量分数的增大线性红移。

无机盐协同淀粉多层包覆OCC浆纤维对淀粉吸附量的影响

基于聚电解质层层沉积技术,通过在OCC浆纤维表面进行阳离子淀粉与阴离子淀粉交替包覆的方法,研究了无机盐种类、每次包覆的淀粉用量、纸浆浓度、每次包覆吸附时间、pH值和无机盐浓度对OCC浆纤维表面淀粉吸附量的影响。结果表明,无机盐协同淀粉3层包覆OCC浆纤维的适宜工艺条件为:AlCl3浓度108 mmol/L,纸浆浓度5.0%,每次包覆吸附时间10 min,每次淀粉用量9 mg/g纤维,pH值5.0。在适宜的工艺条件下,无机盐协同淀粉3层包覆OCC浆纤维表面淀粉吸附量为22.78 mg/g纤维,其纤维表面的淀粉保留率为84.4%,与吸附单层阳离子淀粉的试样相比较,AlCl3协同淀粉包覆OCC浆纤维表面淀粉吸附量增加了180.89%。

PAAm/TiO_2一维光子晶体的制备

采用层层旋涂的方法制备了PAAm(聚丙烯酰胺)/TiO2一维光子晶体。利用扫描电子显微镜和紫外-可见反射光谱对一维光子晶体层层沉积的结构、表面形貌和光子禁带进行了表征,并研究了成膜参数与光子禁带的关系。结果表明,通过调控旋涂速度或者PAAm溶液浓度,可以制备出具有不同光子禁带的PAAm/TiO2一维光子晶体,且光子禁带随旋涂速度的增大线性蓝移,随PAAm溶液浓度的增大线性红移。因此,通过调控成膜参数,可以有效的调控一维光子晶体的光子禁带,所制备的一维光子晶体在环境监测、化学及生物传感器等方面有着潜在的应用前景。

川东地区下侏罗统大安寨段页岩气(油)成藏条件

近期在四川盆地东部地区万县向斜南段,于下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段湖相黑色页岩夹薄层介壳灰岩组合中,有多口井钻获中、高产油气流。为证实大安寨段具备良好的页岩气(油)成藏条件和勘探潜力,首先分析了其油气地质特征:①大安寨段为淡水湖泊沉积体系,发育有滨湖、浅湖、湖坡和深—半深湖4种亚相,对应完整的湖侵—湖退旋回过程,可划分为低位、湖侵、早期高位和晚期高位4个沉积体系域;②穿越各亚相带的等时地层格架控制了大安寨段自生、自储、自盖页岩气(油)成藏组合条件;③以湖侵体系域的凝缩段和早期高位体系域中偏向深湖一侧的浅湖滩缘、湖坡和半深湖亚相为有利页岩气(油)储集相带,储层并非为单一的岩石类型,而是碳质页岩与泥质介壳灰岩的薄互层组合体。在此基础上,以有机质丰度、成熟度、厚度、埋藏深度及脆度为页岩气(油)的五度评价标准,结合该区页岩的成分特征和裂缝发育状况对大安寨段页岩气(油)的成藏地质条件进行了深入分析。结论认为:川东地区大安寨段具备优越的页岩气(油)成藏地质条件,可列为四川盆地非常规能源规划的主要目标和有利勘探区之一。

The new basic theory on Quaternary environmental research

On the basis of extensive survey to the Quaternary paleosols, soils and weathering layers in the vast northern China and the Loess Plateau, we found some unusually special phenomena of chemical components such as unsuccessive illuvium, twin illuviums, unusually thick illuvium and multi-illuviums etc. According to the analysis on the content of CaCO 3 and the data of penetrating experiment, a new theory of illuvial depth or removal depth of CaCO 3 in weathering and leaching belt was constructed, which indicates that the time of CaCO 3 removing to the illuvial depth is very short, and the effect of time factor on illuvial depth can be ignored. The theory can be taken as a credible foundation for studying many geological and geographical problems in weathering and leaching belt. When the illuvial depth of CaCO 3 is bigger than the thickness of developing belt of soil or paleosol, it can be determined that the paleosol has turned into weathering crust. When the illuvial depth of CaCO 3 is bigger than the thickness of paleosol, paleosol is leaching moderately acid soil. When two, three layers or unusually thick CaCO 3 illuviums exist in the same weathering section or at the bottom of the same paleosol, there were two or more periods forming paleosol and corresponding climatic stages at that time. On the basis of the equation of relationship between mean annual rainfall (y) and illuvial depth of CaCO 3 (x) (y = 305.5x + 168.5) determined in the paper, mean annual precipitation during the development of paleosol can be calculated.

Sedimentary environments controlled by tectonics and induced differential subsidence:A perspective in the Permian Liangshan and Qixia Formations,northwestern Sichuan Basin,China

Based on field observation,core description and well logging analysis,the tectonic-sedimentary framework of the Liangshan and Qixia Formations in the northwestern Sichuan Basin,China is deeply discussed.Two long-term sequence cycles were identified,denoted as LSC1 and LSC2,respectively.The sequence stratigraphic framework was established,suggesting the Liangshan Formation to be not isochronously deposited.Paleogeomorphy before deposition of LSC1 was reconstructed by the impression method.LSC1 was featured by thin,low-energy shoal deposits in the high topography,and thick inter-shoal sea and open sea deposits in the low topography.Meanwhile,paleogeomorphy before deposition of LSC2 was reconstructed using the residual thickness method,which was demonstrated to have primary high-energy,thick shoal deposits in the high topography,and thin inter-shoal and open sea deposits in the low topography.The results show that differential tectonic subsidence has already taken place during the Qixia Period,and thus the Dongwu Movement should occur earlier than previously expected.Meanwhile,pre-depositional paleogeomorphy has obvious controlling effects on the sequence stratigraphic filling and sedimentary facies distribution.Results of this study were expected to provide practical guidance to fine characterization of the sedimentary evolution process and prediction of high-quality reservoir distribution.

Electrodeposition of multi-layer Pd-Ni coatings on 316L stainless steel and their corrosion resistance in hot sulfuric acid solution

Pd-Ni coating shows good corrosion resistance in strong corrosion environments.However,in complex aggressiveenvironments,the performance of the coatings is limited and further improvement is necessary.The effects of the applied platingcurrent density on the composition,structure and properties of Pd-Ni coatings were studied.By changing the current density in thesame bath,multi-layer Pd-Ni coatings were prepared on316L stainless steel.Scanning electronic microscopy,weight loss tests,adhesion strength,porosity and electrochemical methods were used to study the corrosion resistance of the films prepared bydifferent coating methods.Compared with the single layer Pd-Ni coating,the multi-layer coatings showed higher microhardness,lower internal stress,lower porosity and higher adhesive strength.The multi-layer Pd-Ni coating showed obviously better corrosionresistance in hot sulfuric acid solution containing Cl-.

EXTENSION OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC MODELAND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN LIMNIC DEPOSITIONAL BASIN

The architectural patterns of sedimentary succession are diverse in different depositionalbasins. The sedimentary architecture and geological condition of such basins asepicontinental sea, intraplate limnic basins, etc., differ cIearly from those of continentalmargin basin. Extension, complement and perfection of sequence stratigraphic models are needed in the studies of various depositional basins based on the classical sequence model. This paper, for this reason,expounds the thought, principles of sequence division, methodology and technology of the study of sequence stratigraphy in epicontinental and limnic basins.

Sedimentary response to volcanic activity in the Okinawa Trough since the last deglaciation

To investigate the relationship between volcanic activity and sediment record on regional and temporal scales,158 surface sediment samples were collected from the East China Sea Shelf to the northern Okinawa Trough (OT),and two cores recovered in the northern and southern OT,respectively.Mineralogy,grain-size,and geochemical analyses of those samples show that:1) volcanic glass,volcanic-type pyroxene,hypersthenes,and magnetite increase in sediment influenced by volcanic activity;2) sediment grain sizes (and also silt content) increase in ash layers;and 3) the contents of Na2O and Zr are higher,while terrigenous elements,e.g.,TFe2O3 and K2O,and biogenous compositions,e.g.,CaO and Sr,are relatively lower in ash layers than those of non-ash layers.The distribution of volcanic ash has three distinguishing characteristics:1) volcanic ash is more abundant in the northern and central OT than the southern OT;2) volcanic ash increases from continental shelf to the trough;3) the sediment during the last 12 000 a suggests stronger volcanic events than during 15 000-12 000 a.The eruptive locations,frequency,and volume of calderas are among the most important factors controlling the distributions of volcanic ash.In addition,the main Kuroshio warm current that extends northward probably impeded the diffusion of volcanic ash to the west and south in the OT.However,a southward current probably carried some volcanic ash toward southern OT.

Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of HCHs and DDTs in Surface Seawater and Sediment of the Mariculture Area of Jincheng Bay,China

The distribution of hexachloroeyclohexanes （HCHs） and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs） in the surface sea- water and sediment of Jincheng Bay mariculture area were investigated in the present study. The concentration of total HCHs and DDTs ranged from 2.98 to 14.87ngL-l and were〈0.032ngL-1, respectively, in surface seawater, and ranged from 5.52 to 9.43 and from 4.11 to 6.72 ng g-l, respectively, in surface sediment. It was deduced from the composition profile of HCH isomers and DDT congeners that HCH residues derived from a mixture of technical-grade HCH and lindane whereas the DDT residues derived from technical-grade DDT and dicofol. Moreover, both HCH and DDT residues may mainly originate from historical inputs. The hazard quotient of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH to marine species was 0.030, 0.157, 3.008 and 0.008, respectively. It was estimated that the overall probability of adverse biological effect from HCHs was less than 5%, indicating that its risk to seawater column spe- cies was low. The threshold effect concentration exceeding frequency of γ-HCH, p,p＇-DDD, p,p＇-DDE and p,p＇-DDT in sediment ranged from 8.3% to 100%, and the relative concentration of the HCH and DDT mixture exceeded their probable effect level in sediment. These findings indicated that the risk to marine benthos was high and potentially detrimental to the safety of aquatic prod- ucts, e.g., sea cucumber and benthic shellfish.

Sedimentary characteristics of tide-dominated estuary in Donghetang Formation (Upper Devonian), central Tarim Basin

The Donghetang Formation (Upper Devonian) in central Tarim Basin has been thought an important oil and gas reservoir since the abundant oil and gas resources were found in the wells W16, W20, W34, and other fields. However, the sedimentary environment of the Donghetang Formation has been disputed because it suffered from both tidal and fluvial actions and there were not rich fossils in the sandstone. After the authors analyzed sedimentary features by means of drill cores, well logging data, paleosols, and with SEM obseruations, three kinds of sedimentary environments were distinguished: alluvial fan, tide-dominated estuary, and shelf. Particularly, the sedimentary features of tide-dominated estuary were studied in detail. Besides, the authors discussed sedimentary characteristics of the Donghetang Formation which was divided into two fourth-order sequences and five system tracts. At the same time, according to the forming process of five system tracts, the whole vertical evolution and lateral transition of tide-dominated estuary were illustrated clearly. Finally, the reservoir quality was evaluated based on porosity and permeability.

Crystallization characteristics of Ni-W-P composite coatings reinforced by CeO_2 and SiO_2 nano-particles

Ni-W-P composite coatings reinforced by Ce O2 and Si O2 nano-particles on the surface of common carbon steels, were prepared by double pulse electrodeposition. The crystallization course was characterized by phase structures, crystallinity, grain sizes and microstructures. The results indicate that as-deposited composite coating is amorphous. Whereas it turns into the crystalline structure with 98.25% crystallinity, and Ni3 P, Ni2 P and Ni5P2 alloy phases precipitate from structures at 400 °C. Thereafter, Ni2 P and Ni5P2 metastable alloy phases turn into Ni3 P stable alloy phase at 500 °C. The crystallization course of the composite coating has finished when being heat-treated at 700 °C. The average sizes of Ni grains increase with the rise of heat treatment temperature from400 °C to 700 °C. Ce O2 and Si O2 nano-particles deposited into Ni-W-P alloys can delay the crystallization course and habit the growth of alloy phases.

The age measures and its layer sequence tratigraphy of Late Quaternary sediment in Lushan Dajiaochang of China

Through the scientific investigation on Lushan for a long time, detailed studies have been carried out on the geologic stratum section of Late Quaternary in Dajiaochang. The series age data of complete stratigraphic section and full time formation since 400 kaBP were based on the results of the analyses using the dating methods with various instruments such as the ancient geomagnetism, electronics spin resonance （ESR）, 36C1 and lumines- cence dating, etc. Corresponding to these data, it identified the paleomagnetic polarity events including Biwa- III event （320 kaBP）, Biwa- 1I event （260 kaBP）, Biwa- I event （180 kaBP, scarcity due to the disturbance of the iron dish）, Blake event （100 kaBP） and Laschamp event （20 kaBP, didn＇t grow due to the activities of the surface）, etc. Combined with the sequence stratigraphy, layer type characteristics and its sediment environment, the strati- graphic can be divided into 4 stages of development respectively ： Stage [ is the climate period of glacial epoch （200-400 kaBP）; stage 11 is the climate period of interglacial epoch （100-200 kaBP）; stage llI is the climate peri- od of periglacial epoch （10-100 kaBP）; stage IV is the climate period ofpostglacial epoch （0-10 kaBP）.

Atomic layer deposited high-k Hf_xAl_(1-x)O as an alternative gate dielectric for 4H-SiC MIS based transistors

HfxAl(1-x)O film grown by atomic layer deposition(ALD) on n-type 4H-SiC(0001) epitaxial layer has been studied.Measurements show that it has relatively high breakdown electric field of 16.4 MV/cm,high dielectric constant of 16.3 and low gate leakage current of 2.47×10-5 A/cm2 at E=5 MV/cm,which makes ALD HfxAl(1-x)O a great potential candidate gate dielectric for 4H-SiC MIS based transistors.

Holocene delta evolution and sequence stratigraphy of the Pearl River Delta in South China

We analyzed the sedimentary characteristics and chronostratigraphy of the Pearl River Delta in South China, and discussed the Holocene stratigraphic characteristics and the filling process since the Holocene, based on 90 boreholes. Our results showed that the maximum transgressive surface of the Pearl River Delta was located in the soft marine silt horizons, whereas it was shown as an erosion surface in areas with tidal scour. From bottom to top, Holocene sedimentary sequences were fluvial facies, floodplain-estuary facies, and estuary-delta facies in the paleo-valley, while the paleo-interfluve sequences were described as littoral facies, estuary facies, and delta facies. Vertical accumulation sequences of Holocene sediments were shown primarily as positive tapering-shaped sequences with no typical foreset, topset, or other sedimentary sequences of the Gilbert Delta. The paleo-Pearl River estuary had different evolution models in the highstand systems tract (HST) compared with other large deltas worldwide, in that it is dominated by a unique and complex geomorphologic boundary, and that it is a multi-sourced delta compounded by the independent and parallel development of fluvial sedimentary bodies with different scales. A huge estuary was formed in the present Pearl River Delta area when the post-glacial transgression reached maximum at about 6 ka BP. The estuary was divided into two parts by obstruction of a series of islands, an upper part composed of the semi-enclosed inner paleo-bay connected to rivers and a lower part consisting of the outer paleo-bay connected to the ocean. Both of these areas were interlinked by only a few narrows, in which the fluvial sediments are accumulated primarily in the inner paleo-bay. During 6-2 ka BP, the sedimentation in various regions of the inner paleo-bay occurred simultaneously with independent development under the remodeling and transformation effect of complex boundaries on river and ocean dynamics. After 2 ka BP, the evolution of the delta is no longer a simple natural process, but rather a common remodeling process accomplished by nature and humans.

Enhanced electrical properties in bilayered ferroelectric thin films

Sr2Bi4Ti5O18(SBTi) single layered and Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 /Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3(SBTi/PZT) bilayered thin films have been prepared on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed-laser deposition(PLD).The related structural characterizations and electrical properties have been comparatively investigated.X-ray diffraction reveals that both films have crystallized into perovskite phases and scanning electron microscopy shows the sharp interfaces.Both films show well-saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops,however,compared with the single layered SBTi films,the SBTi/PZT bilayered films have significantly increased remnant polarization(Pr) and decreased coercive field(Ec),with the applied field of 260 kV/cm.The measured Pr and Ec of SBTi and SBTi/PZT films were 7.9 C/cm 2,88.1 kV/cm and 13.0 C/cm 2,51.2 kV/cm,respectively.In addition,both films showed good fatigue-free characteristics,the switchable polarization decreased by 9% and 11% of the initial values after 2.2 10 9 switching cycles for the SBTi single layered films and the SBTi/PZT bilayered films,respectively.Our results may provide some guidelines for further optimization of multilayered ferroelectric thin films.

Photonic bandgap amorphous chalcogenide thin films with multilayered structure grown by pulsed laser deposition method

Amorphous chalcogenide thin films were fabricated by the pulsed laser deposition technique. Thereafter, the stacks of multilayered thin films for reflectors and microcavity were designed for telecommunication wavelength. The prepared multilayered thin films for reflectors show good compatibility. The microcavity structure consists of Ge_(25)Ga)5Sb_(10)S_(65)(doped with Er^(3+)) spacer layer surrounded by two 5-layer As_(40)Se_(60)/Ge_(25)Sb_(5)S_(70) reflectors. Scanning/transmission electron microscopy results show good periodicity, great adherence and smooth interfaces between the alternating dielectric layers, which confirms a suitable compatibility between different materials. The results demonstrate that the chalcogenides can be used for preparing vertical Bragg reflectors and microcavity with high quality.