A multi-level evaluation model for the superstructure of a damaged prestressed concrete girder or beam bridge is established, and the evaluation indices of the model as well as the rating standards are defined. A norm...A multi-level evaluation model for the superstructure of a damaged prestressed concrete girder or beam bridge is established, and the evaluation indices of the model as well as the rating standards are defined. A normal relative function about the evaluation indices of each element is developed to calculate the relative degree, and for each element there are no sub-level elements. When evaluating the elements in the sub-item level or the index level of the model, the weights of elements pertain to one adopted element, taking into account their degrees of deterioration. Since the relative degrees and structure evaluation scales on the damage conditions are applied to characterize the superstructure of damaged prestressed concrete girder bridges, this method can evaluate the prestressed structure in detail, and the evaluation results agree with the Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culvers （JTG Hll--2004 ）. Finally, a bridge in Jilin province is taken as an example, using the method developed to evaluate its damage conditions, which gives an effective way for bridge engineering.展开更多
鄂渝喀斯特山区属于水土流失敏感地带,生态脆弱,对这一典型区域进行水土流失的空间差异性研究及其主影响因子识别分析,能为中微观尺度上开展针对性的水土流失治理提供重要指导作用.为此,在GIS和RS等多种技术手段的支持下,对地处鄂渝喀...鄂渝喀斯特山区属于水土流失敏感地带,生态脆弱,对这一典型区域进行水土流失的空间差异性研究及其主影响因子识别分析,能为中微观尺度上开展针对性的水土流失治理提供重要指导作用.为此,在GIS和RS等多种技术手段的支持下,对地处鄂渝喀斯特山区的8个县市,基于修正的通用水土流失模型(revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE)进行土壤侵蚀模数的测度,并采用耦合灰色关联度的改进型层次分析法逐一确定各地水土流失的主影响因子,结果表明:鹤峰县的土壤侵蚀模数最大,宣恩县次之,其余各县市从大到小依次为彭水、酉阳、咸丰、黔江、利川和来凤;研究区内水土流失呈现出这一明显空间差异性的原因,主要源于各县市水土流失的主影响因子不尽相同,其中在鹤峰县,各影响因子对当地土壤侵蚀强度的贡献度是地形坡度(LS)>植被覆盖(C)>水土保持措施(P)>降雨(R),而彭水县是R>LS>C>P,其他县市则为LS>C>R>P.展开更多
文摘A multi-level evaluation model for the superstructure of a damaged prestressed concrete girder or beam bridge is established, and the evaluation indices of the model as well as the rating standards are defined. A normal relative function about the evaluation indices of each element is developed to calculate the relative degree, and for each element there are no sub-level elements. When evaluating the elements in the sub-item level or the index level of the model, the weights of elements pertain to one adopted element, taking into account their degrees of deterioration. Since the relative degrees and structure evaluation scales on the damage conditions are applied to characterize the superstructure of damaged prestressed concrete girder bridges, this method can evaluate the prestressed structure in detail, and the evaluation results agree with the Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culvers （JTG Hll--2004 ）. Finally, a bridge in Jilin province is taken as an example, using the method developed to evaluate its damage conditions, which gives an effective way for bridge engineering.
文摘鄂渝喀斯特山区属于水土流失敏感地带,生态脆弱,对这一典型区域进行水土流失的空间差异性研究及其主影响因子识别分析,能为中微观尺度上开展针对性的水土流失治理提供重要指导作用.为此,在GIS和RS等多种技术手段的支持下,对地处鄂渝喀斯特山区的8个县市,基于修正的通用水土流失模型(revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE)进行土壤侵蚀模数的测度,并采用耦合灰色关联度的改进型层次分析法逐一确定各地水土流失的主影响因子,结果表明:鹤峰县的土壤侵蚀模数最大,宣恩县次之,其余各县市从大到小依次为彭水、酉阳、咸丰、黔江、利川和来凤;研究区内水土流失呈现出这一明显空间差异性的原因,主要源于各县市水土流失的主影响因子不尽相同,其中在鹤峰县,各影响因子对当地土壤侵蚀强度的贡献度是地形坡度(LS)>植被覆盖(C)>水土保持措施(P)>降雨(R),而彭水县是R>LS>C>P,其他县市则为LS>C>R>P.
