基于层次变权法的沥青路面状况模糊评价研究

在路面管理系统中道路使用性能评价起着核心及主导作用,其评价结果的准确与否对后期路面的维修与养护决策具有十分重要的意义。当前,我国沥青路面使用性能评价多采用常权法且在评价过程中往往忽视待评路段所处的环境因素及其病害特征,因而所得出的评价结果具有局限性。针对上述问题,在综合考虑待评路段的道路环境及病害因素的基础上,提出基于层次变权法的路面使用性能模糊评价模型。该评价模型从宏观与微观2个层面对路面使用性能进行评价,从而使得评价结果更符合路面的实际状况,并通过实例计算验证该评价模型的合理性和准确性。

METHOD FOR BRIDGE BEARING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

By analyzing the existing methods for the bridge bearing capacity assessment, an analytic hierarchy pro cess estimation model with a variable weight and fuzzy description is proposed based on the nondestructive infor mation. Considering the actual strength, the bearing capacity is first calculated from its design state, and then modified based on the detection information. The modification includes the section reduction and the structure deterioration. The section reduction involves the concrete section and the steel cross-section reduction. The structure deterioration is decided by six factors, i.e. , the concrete surface damage, the actual concrete strength, the steel corrosion electric potential, the chloride ion content, the carbonization depth, and the protective layer depth. The initial weight of each factor is calculated by the expert judgment matrix using an analytic hierarchy process. The consistency approximation and the error transfer theory are used. Then, the variable weight is in- troduced to expand the influences of factors in the worse state. Finally, an actual bridge is taken as an example to verify the proposed method. Results show that the estimated capacity agrees well with that of the load test, thus the method is objective and credible

高位离层水害突水危险性区域预测方法

以黄陇煤田招贤煤矿为例,提出了一种考虑主观决策、客观统计和变权理论修正的离层水害区域危险性预测方法。选取煤层厚度、含水层渗透系数、含水层厚度、含水层单位涌水量、含水层距煤层距离、含水层水头高度、构造、近场顶板岩层泥岩累计厚度等8个主要因素,在层次分析法(AHP)和熵权法(EWM)的基础上,使用变权法(VWM)对常权值修正,建立了招贤一采区离层突水危险性评价数学模型,得到开采前一采区离层突水危险性综合评价指标。结合招贤工程地质条件,采用地面抽排孔控制离层致灾水源。结果表明:提出的基于AHP-EWM-VWM的高位离层突水区域危险性预测方法可以较为准确地定位突水高风险区,综合权重评价结果表明,降低含水层水位高度是防控离层水害的关键措施;实际开展的地面抽排孔抽水有效降低了采区离层突水风险,证明研究对侏罗系煤田离层水害有效防治具有良好的指导意义。