层流搅拌槽研究方法及研究现状

本文主要阐述了用实验和计算机数值模拟两种方法来研究层流搅拌槽在低速搅拌下存在的混合隔离区,混合隔离区的存在影响了层流搅拌槽的搅拌效率,通过改变层流搅拌槽的结构及转速等方法来打破混合隔离区,从而提高了层流搅拌槽低速搅拌的混合效率。

Numerical Simulation of Laminar Flow Field in a Stirred Tank

Stirred tanks are used extensively in process industry and one of the most commonly used impellers in stirred tanks is the R.ushton disk turbine. Surprisingly few data are available regarding flow and mixing in stirred-tank reactors with Rushton turbine in the laminar regime, in particular the laminar flow in baffled tanks.In this paper, the laminar flow field in a baffled tank stirred by a standard R.ushton turbine is simulated with the improved inner-outer iterative method. The non-inertial coordinate system is used for the impeller region, which is in turn used as the boundary conditions for iteration. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with previous experiments. In addition, the flow number and impeller power number calculated from the simulated flow field are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. This numerical method allows prediction of flow structure requiring no experimental data as the boundary conditions and has the potential of being used to scale-up and design of related process equipment.

Investigation of Fluid Flow in a Dual Rushton Impeller Stirred Tank Using Particle Image Velocimetry

The flow fields in a dual Rushton impeller stirred tank with diameter of 0.48 m （T） were measured by using Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV）. Three different size impellers were used in the experiments with diameters of D = 0.33T, 0.40T and 0.50T, respectively. The multi-block and 360° ensemble-averaged approaches were used to measure the radial and axial angle-resolved velocity distributions. Three typical flow patterns, named, merging flow, parallel flow and diverging flow, were obtained by changing the clearance of the bottom impeller above the tank base （C1） and the spacing between the two impellers （C2）. The results show that while C1 is equal to D, the parallel flow occurs as C2≥0.40T, C2≥0.38T and C2≥0.32T and the merging flow occurs as C2≤0.38T, C2≤0.36T and C2≤0.27T for the impellers with diameter of D=0.33T, 0.40T and 0.50T, respectively. When C2 is equal to D, the diverging flow occurs in the value of C1≤0.15T for all three impellers. The flow numbers of these impellers were calculated for the parallel flow. Trailing vortices generated by the lower impeller for the diverging flow were shown by the 10° angle-resolved velocity measurements. The peak value of turbulence kinetic energy （ k/V^2tip = 0.12-0.15 or above） appears along the center of the impeller discharging stream.

Particle Image Velocimetry Study of Turbulence Characteristics in a Vessel Agitated by a Dual Rushton Impeller

Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV） has been used to investigate turbulence characteristics in a 0.48 m diameter stirred vessel filled to a liquid height （ H = 1.4T ） of 0.67 m. The agitator had dual Rushton impellers of 0.19 m diameter （ D = 0.4T ）. The developed flow patterns depend on the clearance of the lower impeller above the base of the vessel, the spacing between the two impellers, and the submergence of the upper impeller below the liq- uid surface. Their combinations can generate three basic flow patterns, named, parallel, merging and diverging flows. The results of velocity measurement show that the flow characteristics in the impeller jet flow region changes very little for different positions. Average velocity, trailing vortices and shear strain rate distributions for three flow patterns were measured by using PIV technique. The characteristics of trailing vortex and its trajectory were described in detail for those three flow patterns. Since the space-resolution of PIV can only reach the sub-grid rather than the Kolmogorov scale, a large-eddy PIV analysis has been used to estimate the distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation. Comparison of the distributions of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate in merging flow shows that the highest turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation are both located in the vortex regions, but the maxima are at somewhat different lo- cations behind the blade. About 37% of the total energy is dissipated in dual impeller jet flow regions. The obtained distribution of shear strain rate for merging flow is similar to that of turbulence dissipation, with the shear strain rate around the trailing vortices much higher than in other areas.

变转速耦合偏心结构实现高效层流混合的荧光可视化试验研究

机械搅拌广泛应用于化工、食品、冶金、环保等过程工业领域。层流搅拌工况下,搅拌槽内由于搅拌桨叶的规律性扰动使桨叶的上下方产生环状隔离流场。隔离流场的封闭性使流场内外工质无法交换,成为实现高效层流混合的主要障碍。采用平面激光诱导荧光(Planner laser induced fluorescence,PLIF)技术显示瞬态流场结构。通过编写图像处理程序,识别非混合区域并定量计算出混合效率。试验结果表明,传统中心搅拌的混合效率停留在63%左右,经过多个周期的变转速搅拌后混合效率可提升至约78%。搅拌轴的偏心布置破坏了流场的周期对称性,促使隔离区域减小。当偏心率E=0.1、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6时,在200 s内混合效率分别为79%、85%、89%、90%、86%。研究发现偏心率与混合效率并非单调线性关联,偏心率存在最优值范围(E=0.4~0.5)。然而流动隔离区仅通过搅拌轴的偏心布置仍然无法完全消除。提出变转速耦合搅拌轴偏心布置的策略,通过施加非定常非对称扰动实现层流搅拌工况下的高效混合。荧光可视化结果表明,与中心变转速搅拌相比,偏心变转速搅拌对流场的改变更为明显。当偏心率E=0.3、0.4、0.5时,经过三个周期的变转速层流混合,隔离区域大幅缩减,混合效率最高可达97%以上。将为高效层流搅拌混合器的设计提供技术与理论指导。