层状碳及层状碳/硫酸铅复合材料的制备与应用

碳酸钾或碳酸钠颗粒作催化剂基底,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)制得类似于石墨烯的层状碳材料,并经原位化学沉积可得层状碳/硫酸铅复合材料.用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)分析与测试样品.结果表明,层状碳为无定型碳层,复合材料为无定型碳层与附着其上的细小硫酸铅颗粒的复合.上述层状碳和复合材料作为负极添加剂应用于铅酸电池中,测试了电池电化学性能.结果表明,电池大电流放电比容量和循环寿命均明显提高.通过电化学交流阻抗谱图(EIS)、充放电曲线和负极失效后的SEM照片证实,加入添加剂能够降低负极板的欧姆阻抗和电化学反应阻抗、减小极化及有效抑制极板硫酸盐化.

木质素/片层状碳复合材料的电化学性能研究

作者采用超声辅助合成法制备出硫酸盐木质素/片层状碳复合材料(KL/C)与木质素磺酸盐/片层状碳复合材料(LS/C)两种复合材料,并对其作为超级电容器电极材料的应用进行了研究。在1A·g^(-1)电流密度下,片层状碳电容量为202F·g^(-1),KL/C电容量为305F·g^(-1),LS/C电容量为344F·g^(-1)。木质素对电容量的提升起到决定作用,木质素磺酸盐的氢醌基团对复合材料的电容量的贡献更大。

层状碳纤维复合材料结构热应变光纤传感特性研究

针对高分辨率遥感卫星关键载荷复合材料支撑结构热变形光纤在轨监测需求,研究层状复合材料结构热应变光纤光栅传感特性。首先,采用有限元方法分析得出层状复合材料结构在局部热载荷作用下热应变场分布特征;然后,制作层状复合材料结构试件,建立光纤光栅热应变监测实验系统;最后,以同样尺寸的铝合金结构为对比试件,实验分析T700级碳纤维增强复合材料层压板的热应变传感特性。实验数据表明,在30~100℃范围内,碳纤维复合材料结构热应变随温度升高而近似线性增大,但其热应变量明显小于同一温度下铝合金结构热应变;碳纤维复合材料的热应变场呈各向异性分布特征,100℃时其轴向和径向应变的光纤光栅测量值分别为155.8με、181.3με,与仿真计算结果的平均相对误差为1.58%、1.52%。利用光纤光栅传感器能够有效测量碳纤维复合材料结构的热应变,研究结果可为高分辨率遥感卫星层状复合材料结构光纤在轨监测提供参考。

类石墨层状硼碳化合物的导电和抗氧化性能的研究

通过高温高压方法制备了一种晶化程度较高的类石墨层状BC3化合物。在5.5GPa压力条件下,温度越高,制得的硼碳样品晶化越好,电阻率越小。在1500℃、5.5GPa下制得的层状硼碳样品的电阻率ρ=1.2×10-4Ω.m,略大于同等条件下制备的纯碳样品的电阻率ρ=1.1×10-4Ω.m。这种层状硼碳化合物在620℃左右开始氧化,比纯碳样品的初始氧化温度高大约100℃,替代的硼明显的改善了碳的抗氧化性能。

柔性锌镍/铝层状双羟基/碳纤维复合材料的电化学制备及光电催化性能（英文）

本文采用电化学方法,制备了一种便于回收和分离的柔性锌镍/铝层状双羟基/碳纤维(Zn Ni/Al-LDHs/CFs)复合材料.采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、场发射扫描电镜、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱和电化学阻抗光谱技术表征了Zn Ni/Al-LDHs/CFs复合材料的结构、形貌和光电催化性能.与单独使用Zn/Al-LDHs/CFs作为光催化剂或Ni/Al-LDHs/CFs作为电催化剂相比较,Zn Ni/Al-LDHs/CFs复合材料显示了良好的光-电双功能催化特性,既可被用作乙醇和甲醇氧化的电催化剂,也可光电协同催化2,6-二氯苯酚降解.

碳纤维/铝层状复合结构的断裂性能及抗电偶腐蚀性能研究

以ENF试验为基础,通过制作不同长度的芳纶短纤维薄膜为粘接层界面的碳纤维/铝层状复合结构试件,并置于同一加速腐蚀环境中,研究了芳纶短纤维对碳纤维/铝层状复合结构力学性能及抗电偶腐蚀性能的影响。试验结果表明芳纶短纤维薄膜有效提高了碳纤维/铝层状复合结构的断裂性能与抗电偶腐蚀性能,可为复合材料工程应用中的电偶腐蚀防护提供参考。

Fabrication of superaligned carbon nanotubes reinforced copper matrix laminar composite by electrodeposition

A new kind of laminar metal matrix nanocomposite（MMC） was fabricated by an electrodeposition process with copper and superaligned carbon nanotubes film（SACNT film）.The SACNT film was put on a titanium plate and then a layer of copper was electrodeposited on it.By repeating the above process,the laminar Cu/SACNT composite which contains dozens or hundreds of layers of copper and SACNT films was obtained.The thickness of a single copper layer was controlled by adjusting the process parameter easily and the thinnest layer is less than 2 μm.The microscopic observation shows that the directional alignment structure of SACNT is retained in the composite perfectly.The mechanical and electrical properties testing results show that the tensile and yield strengths of composites are improved obviously compared with those of pure copper,and the high conductivity is retained.This technology is a potential method to make applicable MMC which characterizes high volume fraction and directional alignment of carbon nanotubes.

Fabrication of cobalt aluminum-layered double hydroxide nanosheets/carbon spheres composite as novel electrode material for supercapacitors

A new design route was presented to fabricate cobalt aluminum-layered double hydroxide(CoAl-LDH)thin layers whichgrow on carbon spheres(CSs)through a growth method.The CoAl-LDH thin layers consist of nanoflakes with a thickness of20nm.The galvanostatic charge-discharge test of the CoAl-LDH/CSs composite shows a great specific capacitance of1198F/g at1A/g(based on the mass of the CoAl-LDH/CSs composite)in6mol/L KOH solution,and the composite displays an impressive specificcapacitance of920F/g even at a high current density of10A/g.Moreover,the composite remains a specific capacitance of928F/gafter1000cycles at2A/g,and the specific capacitance retention is84%,indicating that the composite has high specific capacitance,excellent rate capability and good cycling stability in comparison to pristine CoAl-LDH.

Preparation and characterization of MWCNTs/LDHs nanohybrids for removal of Congo red from aqueous solution

The assembly of layered double hydroxides （LDHs） and multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） nanohybrids was prepared as MWCNTs/LDHs by co-precipitation. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, SEM/EDX, TGA and BET. XRD and SEM studies proved that MWCNTs phases did not enter into the interlayers of LDHs, they dispersed over the LDHs surface homogeneously. BET results showed that MWCNTs/LDHs possessed hierarchically porous nanostructure with large surface area （124.974 m^2/g） and great pore volume （0.604 cm^3/g）. Batch experiments were conducted to study the adsorption efficiency of Congo red （CR）. It was worthy to note that MWCNTs/LDHs exhibited excellent adsorption performance with the maximum CR adsorption capacity of 595.8 mg/g in weak acidic environment. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm parameters can be well described by the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm models, respectively. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.

Effects of ply-orientation on microstructure and properties of super-aligned carbon nanotube reinforced copper laminar composites

The super-aligned carbon nanotube(SACNT)films reinforced copper(Cu)laminar composites with different orientationsof CNT ply were fabricated by electrodeposition.The results show that the tensile strength and yield strength of cross-ply compositewith5.0%(volume fraction)of SACNT reach maximum of336.3MPa and246.0MPa respectively,increased by74.0%and124.5%compared with pure Cu prepared with the same method.Moreover,the electrical conductivities of all the prepared composites areover75%IACS.The result of TEM analysis shows that the size of Cu grain and the thickness of twin lamellae can be reduced byadding SACNT,and the refining effect in cross-ply composites is more significant than that in unidirectional ply composites.Theenhanced strength of the Cu/SACNT composites comes from not only the reinforcing effect of SACNT films but also the additionalstrengthening of the Cu grain refinement caused by CNT orientation.

A Layer-Structured Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Mesoporous Carbon for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Developing highly active and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） is crucial to large-scale commercialization of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Here we report a facile approach for the synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped meso-porous layer-structured carbon electrocatalyst embedded with graphitic carbon coated cobalt nanoparticles by direct pyrolysis of a layer-structured metal-organic framework. The elec- trocatalyst prepared at 800℃ exhibits comparable ORR performance to Pt/C catalysts but possesses superior stability to Pt/C catalysts. This synthetic approach provides new prospects in developing sustainable carbon-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy conversion devices.

高温高压法合成层状BCx化合物

以石墨和非晶硼粉为原料,用机械球磨法制备非晶态前驱物,然后在高温高压下制得了晶化程度较高的类石墨层状BCx(x≥3)化合物。利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和电子能量损失谱对样品的物相、形貌和成分进行了表征。结果表明:在5.5GPa下,温度为800～1000℃时,合成的样品是结晶较好的BCx(x≥3)颗粒;当温度高于1000℃时,样品中只含有B4C颗粒和纯C颗粒,未生成层状BCx颗粒。

无压烧结制备Ti–Al–C系三元层状陶瓷

以TiC粉、Al粉、Ti粉为原料,采用无压烧结工艺制备高纯Ti–Al–C三元层状陶瓷,探究了烧结温度、烧结时间、烧结助剂等对Ti–Al–C系三元层状陶瓷制备的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内提高烧结温度和烧结时间能减少杂质相的产生,不添加助剂情况下在1 400℃下保温3 h能得到80%(质量分数)以上的Ti–Al–C系三元层状陶瓷,该条件下掺入少量Si粉或Sn粉能得到高纯Ti–Al–C系三元层状陶瓷。TiC、Al、Ti和Si质量比为2.0:1.2:1.0:0.1的原料粉末在1 400℃保温3 h能得到纯度99%以上的Ti3AlC2陶瓷,TiC、Al、Ti和Sn质量比为2.0:1.2:1.0:0.1与TiC、Al、Ti和Sn质量比为1.0:1.2:1.0:0.1的原料粉末在1 400℃保温3 h均能制备出纯度99%的以Ti3AlC2为主晶相的Ti3AlC2/Ti2AlC复相陶瓷。

Fabrication of tunable hierarchical MXene@AuNPs nanocomposites constructed by self-reduction reactions with enhanced catalytic performances

MXene, a new type of two-dimensional layered transition metal carbide material differing from graphene, demonstrates intriguing chemical/physical properties and wide applications in recent years. Here, the preparation of the self-assembled MXene-gold nanoparticles （MXene@AuNPs） nanocomposites with tunable sizes is reported. The nano- composites are obtained via the self-reduction reactions of MXene material in a HAuCI4 solution at room temperature. The sizes of the Au particles can be well-controlled by reg- ulating the self-reduction reaction time. They can greatly in- fluence the catalytic behaviors of the MXene@AuNPs composites. MXene@AuNPs composites with optimized re- duction time show high catalytic performances and good cycle stability for model catalytic reactions of nRro-compounds, such as 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol. This work demon- strates a new approach for the preparation of tunable MXene- based self-assembled composites.

Sodium carbonate-assisted synthesis of hierarchically porous single-crystalline nanosized zeolites

Hierarchically porous single-crystalline nanosized zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts show great poten- tial in fine chemistry because they offer more rich hierarchically porous channels for the mass transfer and molecular diffusion. However, the synthesis of hierarchically porous nanosized zeolites generally requires the assistance of templates acting as the mesoporogens, which limits its popularity. Herein, we report a one-pot and template-free synthesis of hierarchically porous single-crystalline nanosized zeolite beta only by introducing sodium carbonate in precursor solution. The resulted sample features the extraordinary properties, including the uniform nanocrystal （200-300 nm）, high pore volume （0.65 cm3g 1） and the hierarchical pore-size distribution （e.g., 2-8 and 90-150 nm）. After slicing pro- cessing, it is interestingly found that a large number of interconnected mesopores penetrate throughout whole material, which enables the hierarchically porous nanosized zeolite beta remarkably superior cat- alytic activity than the conventional zeolite beta in condensation of henzaldehyde with ethanol at room temperature. More importantly, this one-pot sodium carbonate-assisted synthetic strategy is highly ver- satile, which has also been successfully developed to synthesize hierarchically porous nanosized single- crystalline zeolites ZSM-5 and TS.